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Spirodela punctata

(G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. (1898)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Araceae Genus: Spirodela

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Floating aquatic herb.

Stems: The paired "leaves" are actually modified stems.

Roots: Roots (1–)2–7(–12), to 7 cm, all perforating scale.

Leaves: Leaves absent. Fronds obovate, flat or gibbous, 1.5–8 mm, 1.5–2 times as long as wide. Apex mostly pointed. Upper surfaces without red spot; distinct turions absent. Veins (3–)5–7. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually 3 in each pouch, 2(3) staminate and 1 pistillate in 1–2 lateral pouches on either side of the basal end of the frond, enclosed in a spathe. Flowers unisexual. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 2, 4-locular. Ovary superior; ovaries 1–2–ovulate.

Fruit: Fruit 0.8–1 mm; laterally winged to apex. Seeds with 10–15 distinct ribs.

Ploidy: 2n = 40; 46; 50

Habitat: Eutrophic; quiet waters; in warm–temperate to subtropical regions with mild winters.

Elevation Range: 0–900 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 1898: 28 (1898)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1997:59 (NEWNAT/O, H [as Spirodela punctata], KEY); Staples et al. 2002:11 (NOM:Syn. S. punctata, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Waikane Stream, tributary drainage south of main drainage, on north edge of large clearing Tiny floating plant in standing water with multiple roots. Waterway is dominated by Hibiscus tiliaceus, banks with Sphagneticola trilobata, Echinochloa colona, Paspalum vaginatum, Cyperus javanicus, Bacopa monnieri. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2001-34 Oahu BISH 5/22/2001
2 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Koolaupoko Distr., Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G.W. Collector Number: 1205 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
3 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Lyon Arboretum, Manoa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii Floating on the surface of a water pot next to the office. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-221 Oahu BISH 11/1/2005
4 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. kau, punaluu, ninole pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7194 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1987
5 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. hilo, wailoa estuary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. luce, l. collector number: 7182 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1987
6 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. kailua levee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN smith, l.b. collector number: 150 Oahu BISH 7/30/1976
7 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Ko'olau Poko District, Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. W. 1205 Oahu US 2/9/2001
8 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Near Kailua levee. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Smith, L. B. 150 Oahu US 7/30/1976
9 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. ko`olau poko district, waimanalo, in waikupanaha stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath kalanianaole hwy near main entrance to bellows afs. freshwater canal draining waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. staples 1205 Oahu US 2/9/2001
10 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. w side of kawaimui marsh, kailua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 57431 Oahu US 3/28/1978
11 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. near kailua levee. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 150 Oahu US 7/30/1976
12 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Ko`olau Poko District, Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. Staples 1205 Oahu US 2/9/2001
13 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. lyon arboretum, manoa valley, oahu, hawaii Floating on the surface of a water pot next to the office. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c. collector number: 2005-221 Oahu BISH 11/1/2005
14 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. W side of Kawaimui Marsh, Kailua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 57431 Oahu US 3/28/1978
15 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Kailua levee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Smith, L.B. 150 Oahu BISH 7/30/1976
16 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Hilo, Wailoa estuary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7182 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1987
17 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. koolaupoko distr., waimanalo, in waikupanaha stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath kalanianaole hwy near main entrance to bellows afs Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 1205 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
18 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Kau, Punaluu, Ninole Pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7194 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1987
19 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. Koolaupoko Distr., Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 1205 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
20 Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. waikane stream, tributary drainage south of main drainage, on north edge of large clearing PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. preston, d. collector number: 2001-34 Molokai BISH 5/22/2001
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