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Silene hawaiiensis

Sherff (1949)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Caryophyllaceae Genus: Silene

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Sprawling shrubs.

Stems: Stems from an enlarged fusiform root, ascending to scandent, 1.5–4 dm long, viscid puberulent to puberulent, especially on younger parts, often swollen at the nodes.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or whorled. Blades slender, recurved, subulate, 6–15 mm long, 0.5–0.8 mm wide. Base leaf bases often connate around the stem. Surfaces puberulent or viscid puberulent especially along margins and toward base. Margins entire. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in narrow, paniculate or sometimes subracemose cymes, puberulent or viscid puberulent throughout. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Pedicels 3–6 mm long. Calyx usually purple or purple–tinged, 5-toothed, 11–14 mm long, faintly 10–nerved, puberulent, +/- viscid, or sometimes glabrous, the lobes acute, sparsely ciliate, with narrow, scarious, ciliate margins. Corolla of 5 petals; petals greenish white above, maroon below, drying completely maroon, blades 4.5–5.5 mm long, deeply cleft, exserted 3–4 mm beyond calyx, base with a 2-lobed appendage, exserted ca. 3 mm beyond calyx. Stamens included to barely exserted beyond calyx. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely 2–4 celled, on a well–developed stipe that is adnate to the staminal filament bases and petal bases (referred to as a carpophore); styles 3(4–5); Carpophore ca. 5 mm long, enlarging to ca. 7–8 mm long in fruit.

Fruit: Capsules oblong–ovoid; 1–celled throughout; 6.5–8 mm long; dehiscent by 6 or rarely 3 apical teeth or valves. Seeds pale brown; irregularly cuneate;0.4– 0.7 mm long; papillose; the faces somewhat depressed.

Ploidy: 2n = 24*

Habitat: Scattered; restricted to primarily open; dry areas on decomposed lava and ash.

Elevation Range: 900–1,300 (–3,050) m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 900-1,300 (-3,050) m.
  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Plants from areas other than Kllauea are somewhat intermediate with Silene struthioloides and they should be studied further. Silene hawaiiensis is closely related to and probably derived from S. struthioloides.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Amer. J. Bot. 36: 501 (1949)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:523 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 248 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-23
2 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12570 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
3 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1911-01-01
4 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 312 Hawaii BISH 1864-01-01
5 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1911-01-01
6 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 394 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-03
7 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1912-01-01
8 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
9 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1929-08-15
10 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1984-03-27
11 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
12 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
13 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on a rock cliff face, east side of large crater, with moss, Vaccinium and Sporobolus nearby. Preserved_Specimen Small woody shrub 8 tall having 5 branches. Davis, J. 424 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-10
14 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dodonaea viscosa, Eragrostis atropioides, Dubautia, Bidens Preserved_Specimen Douglas, P. 24 Hawaii BISH 1992-11-13
15 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In loose volcanic cinders, with Dodonaea viscosa, Styphelia tameiameiae, Vaccinium reticulatum, Rumex giganteus. Preserved_Specimen A distinct species, owing at least to the habit: underground portion a parsnip-like tuber. Fls. green suffused purple. Carlquist, S. 2052 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-24
16 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dodonaea viscosa, Eragrostis atropioides, Dubautia, Bidens Preserved_Specimen Douglas, P. 24 Hawaii BISH 1992-11-13
17 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry mamane-mixed native trees community with exotic grass- native shrub understory. On smooth pahoehoe w/shallow pockets of cindery soil. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1836 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-17
18 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on `a`a lava. Associated with Pellaea ternifolia, Heterotheca, and grasses; vegetation very sparse. Preserved_Specimen Small woody shrub 1 1/2' tall, spread 2 1/2'. Flwrs light Davis, J. 605 Hawaii BISH 1981-09-23
19 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Extremely sparse desert community on shifting ash dunes. Plant was in an area with old pahoehoe lava covered with hifting black ash. Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 6 inch tall. Newell, C.L. 748 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-02
20 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details native trees. Growing in open area; substrate 40% pahoehoe, 60% ash. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1200 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-10
21 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on `a`a, about 10-15 plants. Associated with Pellaea ternifolia, Heterotheca and grasses, vegetation very sparse. Preserved_Specimen Small woody shrub 1 1/2' tall, spread 2 1/2'. Flowers light green; no fragrance. the smallest fertile plant is only 6 tall. Davis, J. 605 Hawaii BISH 1981-09-23
22 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In cinders in drainage areas of lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4853 Hawaii BISH 1983-07-26
23 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros - native shrub - scattered lichen community on ash-covered pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 1 ft tall growing along roadside. Newell, C.L. 445 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-19
24 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open mamane forest, exposed area. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub 1 1/2' tall. Flowers cream, undersides of petals flushed lavendar (flrs in alcohol). Davis, J. 699 Hawaii BISH 1982-02-24
25 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry mamane woodland with mixed grass-native shrub understory Preserved_Specimen Dense caespitose shrub; 2 cm Bd; 40 cm tall. Warshauer, F.R. 3138 Hawaii BISH 1981-01-21
26 Silene hawaiiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Common low shrub, with large tap root. Calyx and corolla green to reddish purple; stamens and styles white. Crosby, M.R. 1962 Hawaii BISH 1964-08-04
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