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Canavalia hawaiiensis

O.Deg., I.Deg. & J.D.Sauer (1962)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Canavalia

‘āwikiwiki [awikiwiki], puakauhi

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial climbers, branches twining.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Leaflets ovate to broadly ovate, elliptic to broadly elliptic, or sometimes suborbicular. Leaflets (5–)8–13 cm long, (3–)4–8.5(–10) cm wide. Apex short-acuminate or sometimes acuminate. Base truncate to cuneate. Upper surfaces sparsely to moderately or rarely densely appressed pubescent, becoming glabrate with age, lower surface densely or sometimes moderately appressed pubescent; leaflets chartaceous. Leaflet margins entire. Petiolate. Stipules present small, caducous. Leaflet stipels minute.

Flowers: Flowers usually 8–15(–20) in axillary, pseudoracemes 4–16 cm long. Flowers papilionaceous; bracteoles present, caducous. Calyx 18–25 mm long, moderately to densely appressed pubescent, upper edge smoothly and strongly concave, apex apiculate, upper lip 11–14 mm long, the 2 lobes connate except in the distal 3 mm, lowest lobe lanceolate, 4–6 mm long. Calyx bilabiate, 5-lobed, the upper lip large and with 2 lobes connate along the upper margin, the lower lip trifid. Corolla dark carmine, standard with a white spot at base and yellow to white streaks toward base, 30–38 mm long, wing petals 40–41 mm long, keel petals ca. 45 mm long. Stamens 10; upper stamen distinct at base, loosely adhering to the other 9 up to middle, the other 9 connate into a tube. Ovary superior, stipitate; ovules 5–20; style incurved, glabrous; stigma small, terminal.

Fruit: Pods compressed; (12–)16–28 cm long; 2.5–3.7 cm wide; moderately appressed pubescent; less so with age; each valve with an inconspicuous sutural ridge and an additional longitudinal ridge 1–1.5 mm below the upper suture. Seeds dark reddish brown; oblong–elliptic; strongly compressed; 19–23 mm long; 11–15 mm wide; the hilum 10–13 mm long. Seeds transversely arranged; ellipsoid; hilum elongated; oblong; with a small; papery; persistent rim–aril.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in dry forest to diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 120–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 120-1220 m
  • Description digitized by McKenna Bonn-Savage
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: O.Degener, Fl. Hawaiiensis 1690: s.p. (1962)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:651 (L, M, H); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./LeGrande 1275 BISH (L†, 2003)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen flower maroon Greenwell, A.B.H. 19256 Hawaii BISH 1948-06-01
2 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kamakalepo, Kawela, Kau, Kaalualu-Waiohinu Rd., 5.2 mi S of jct with Belt Rd. over lichen covered aa flow Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4532 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-09
3 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kona Preserved_Specimen corolla pink; calyx leaf green; leaves light green; pods blackish; seeds cream white; scar dark Carlson, N.K. Hawaii BISH 1954-07-30
4 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaiholena, Mahana Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8009 Lanai BISH 1910-07-22
5 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kona Preserved_Specimen corolla pink; calyx leaf green; leaves light green; pods blackish; seeds cream white; scar dark Carlson, N.K. Hawaii BISH 1954-07-30
6 Canavalia hawaiiensis Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 559 Lanai BISH
7 Canavalia hawaiiensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii Preserved_Specimen bean Lyon, H.L. 27 BISH
8 Canavalia hawaiiensis Paliakoai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 21 Lanai BISH 1927-05-27
9 Canavalia hawaiiensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
10 Canavalia hawaiiensis Hawaii Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25576 Hawaii BISH 1955-07-17
11 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaiholena, Mahana Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8009 Lanai BISH 1910-07-22
12 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kapua, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 372 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-26
13 Canavalia hawaiiensis Between Owe and Puuwaawaa, N Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3873 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-14
14 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kukalauula anti-goat enclosure, Kau Desert, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26775 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-23
15 Canavalia hawaiiensis Olowalu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2278 Maui BISH 1920-05-09
16 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaiholena, Mahana Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8009 Lanai BISH 1910-07-22
17 Canavalia hawaiiensis Waiapaa Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 481 Lanai BISH 1929-10-16
18 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kukalauula anti-goat enclosure, Kau Desert, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26775 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-23
19 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 102 Lanai BISH 1913-09-16
20 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa, Huehue, Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12965 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
21 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaiholena, Mahana Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8009 Lanai BISH 1910-07-22
22 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 59 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
23 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kealakekua, Kona Preserved_Specimen Carlson, N.K. Hawaii BISH 1954-04-27
24 Canavalia hawaiiensis Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kau Desert, Kukalauula anti-goat enclosure Preserved_Specimen Reeser, D.W. Hawaii BISH 1971-03-11
25 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kukalauula, Kau Preserved_Specimen Reeser, D.W. Hawaii BISH 1971-05-06
26 Canavalia hawaiiensis Mauna Loa, S Kona Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-09-01
27 Canavalia hawaiiensis Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kau Desert, Kukalauula anti-goat enclosure Preserved_Specimen Reeser, D.W. Hawaii BISH 1971-03-11
28 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kukalauula, Kau Preserved_Specimen Reeser, D.W. Hawaii BISH 1971-05-06
29 Canavalia hawaiiensis Manuka Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-23
30 Canavalia hawaiiensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A. Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. BISH 1829-01-01
31 Canavalia hawaiiensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH 1851-01-01
32 Canavalia hawaiiensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH 1851-01-01
33 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa, Huehue, Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12965 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
34 Canavalia hawaiiensis Hookena, near 1950 lava flow Among lama and lantana in aa jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27540 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-11
35 Canavalia hawaiiensis South Kona, Kapua occ. in scrub forest, climbing on Maba trees and Lantana shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Good growth, fl. magenta Hosaka, E.Y. 3689 Hawaii BISH 1953-08-05
36 Canavalia hawaiiensis South Kona, Kapua occ. in scrub forest, climbing on Maba trees and Lantana shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Good growth, fl. magenta Hosaka, E.Y. 3689 Hawaii BISH 1953-08-05
37 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa, N Kona on wiliwili trees Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3875 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-14
38 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaupulehu Forest Reserve, Section B. Open bog, dry a'a', native forest at 1950 ft. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3007 Hawaii BISH 1973-05-03
39 Canavalia hawaiiensis South Kona, Kapua occ. in scrub forest, climbing on Maba trees and Lantana shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Good growth, fl. magenta Hosaka, E.Y. 3689 Hawaii BISH 1953-08-05
40 Canavalia hawaiiensis South Kona, Kaulanamauna ahupuaa, near Highway 11 Growing on Pluchea odorata in disturbed dry forest near Drypetes phyllanthoides. Substrate `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Vine. Flowers deep rose. Cuddihy, L.W. 436 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-02
41 Canavalia hawaiiensis Silveri residence in Fern Acres, Puna District In a residential area. Preserved_Specimen Flowers red-violet with white eye. Clarke, G. 647 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-19
42 Canavalia hawaiiensis Silveri residence in Fern Acres, Puna District In a residential area. Preserved_Specimen Flowers red-violet with white eye. Clarke, G. 647 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-19
43 Canavalia hawaiiensis S.Kona, Kaulanamauna ahupuaa, near Highway 11 Growing on Pluchea odorata in disturbed dry forest near Drypetes phyllanthoides. Substrate `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Vine. Flowers deep rose. Cuddihy, L.W. 436 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-02
44 Canavalia hawaiiensis road to South Point, 3.5 mi S of Hwy 11 jct. over old stone wall Preserved_Specimen vine; flower magenta Wentworth, J.O. Hawaii BISH 1964-09-25
45 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Lahaina District, Olowalu Valley, W side of stream. Locally common. Vegetation: Diospyros, Nestegis, Metrosideros, Alectryon, Rauvolfia, Pleomele, Bobea, Psydrax, Pisonia, Charpentiera, Euphorbia, Bidens, Santalum, Osteomeles, Syzygium, Aleurites, Cordyline, Schinus, Psidium, Ipomoea, Passiflora, Microlepia, Nephrolepis, Doodia, Psilotum, Oplismenus. Preserved_Specimen Climbing vines; flowers rose-purple but drying more purple. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61325 Maui BISH 2013-06-28
46 Canavalia hawaiiensis Manuka Mauka Climbing on bushes Preserved_Specimen Degener, I. 11288 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-24
47 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Iao Valley Climbing tree Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 88 Maui BISH 1910-06-01
48 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Paunau, Kahoma Ditch Trail Along steep valley wall Preserved_Specimen Vine climbing over Diospyros & Psidium guajava along steep valley wall. Corolla dark red, standard darker, w/ white eye. Flowers become violet or purplish w/ age. Calyx 25 mm long. Nagata, K.M. 1669 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
49 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kapua, Volcano Road, 2.9 miles S. of Hoopuloa Road, South Kona In dry thicket climbing over guava bushes Preserved_Specimen Vine at least 10 m. long, calyx green, banner deep carmine, with white eye and 7 ascending white strips, wings pale carmine, paler towards base, keel similar Degener, I. 25462 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-23
50 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Lahaina District, Olowalu Valley common & abundant vines, mixed with Ipomoea alba, I. indica, dioscorea bulbifera, & smilax melastomifolia; vegetation: acacia, aleurites, cordyline, psychotria, metrosideros, psidium, dicranopteris, dioscorea, ipomoea, canavalia, smilax, rubus, sadleria, bobea, freycinetia, asplenium, pseudophegopteris, mirolepa Preserved_Specimen pods differ from the description of this taxon Oppenheimer, H.L. 110822 Maui BISH 2008-11-24
51 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa; E perimeter of the 1986 burn area, transect T28 near junction with T22, in former Colubrina-Diospyros forest. Liane on Lantana Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple Takeuchi, W.N. 5782 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
52 Canavalia hawaiiensis East Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve, Kahakapao Gulch steep forested slope Preserved_Specimen flowering peduncles long, early flower, no fruit Hobdy, R.W. 1876 Maui BISH 1983-12-20
53 Canavalia hawaiiensis East Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve, Kahakapao Gulch steep forested slope Preserved_Specimen flowering peduncles long, early flower, no fruit Hobdy, R.W. 1876 Maui BISH 1983-12-20
54 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa; E perimeter of the 1986 burn area, transect T28 near junction with T22, in former Colubrina-Diospyros forest. Liane on Lantana Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple Takeuchi, W.N. 5782 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
55 Canavalia hawaiiensis base of Pali o Mamalu, Kiao, Kau on talus; over lantana and Aleurites Preserved_Specimen flowers deep purple Lamoureux, C.H. 4543 Hawaii BISH 1972-06-17
56 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puna Dist. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kalapana trail In Aleurites grove. Preserved_Specimen Vine; frt dry; flrs red-violet & white. Tunison, T. Hawaii BISH
57 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaumalapau dry Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 2 Lanai BISH 1952-02-20
58 Canavalia hawaiiensis Manuka Mauka Climbing on bushes Preserved_Specimen Degener, I. 11288 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-24
59 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Paunau, Kahoma Ditch Trail Along steep valley wall Preserved_Specimen Vine climbing over Diospyros & Psidium guajava along steep valley wall. Corolla dark red, standard darker, w/ white eye. Flowers become violet or purplish w/ age. Calyx 25 mm long. Nagata, K.M. 1669 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
60 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kamakalepo, Kawela, Kau, Kaalualu-Waiohinu Rd., 5.2 mi S of jct with Belt Rd. over lichen covered aa flow Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4532 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-09
61 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kaiholena Gulch forest in bottom Preserved_Specimen Vine; flower purplish violet Gagné, W.C. 611 Lanai BISH 1971-06-07
62 Canavalia hawaiiensis N Kona, Kaupulehu, mile 28, Belt Rd., 10 mi E of Kailua Kona over aa lava; with Diospyros sandwicensis, Colubrina oppositifolia, Santalum paniculatum, Nototrichium Preserved_Specimen vine with twinning stems; older stems woody; flower with green calyx, petals dark violet purple Lorence, D.H. 8008 Hawaii BISH 1997-06-15
63 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Lahaina District, Olowalu Valley, W side of stream. Locally common. Vegetation: Diospyros, Nestegis, Metrosideros, Alectryon, Rauvolfia, Pleomele, Bobea, Psydrax, Pisonia, Charpentiera, Euphorbia, Bidens, Santalum, Osteomeles, Syzygium, Aleurites, Cordyline, Schinus, Psidium, Ipomoea, Passiflora, Microlepia, Nephrolepis, Doodia, Psilotum, Oplismenus. Preserved_Specimen Climbing vines; flowers rose-purple but drying more purple. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61325 Maui BISH 2013-06-28
64 Canavalia hawaiiensis W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokowai, Haenanui Gulch Climbing into adjacent trees to 6m on step slopes. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Santalum, Myrsine, Psychotria, Antidesma, Wikstroemia, Nephrolepis, Carex, Cocculus, Selaginella, Lantana, Tibouchina, Paspalum, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Vine. Oppenheimer, H.L. 80641 Maui BISH 2006-08-29
65 Canavalia hawaiiensis East Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve, Kahakapao Gulch steep forested slope Preserved_Specimen flowering peduncles long, early flower, no fruit Hobdy, R.W. 1876 Maui BISH 1983-12-20
66 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa, N Kona on wiliwili trees Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3876 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-14
67 Canavalia hawaiiensis West Maui, Paunau, Kahoma Ditch Trail Along steep valley wall Preserved_Specimen Vine climbing over Diospyros & Psidium guajava along steep valley wall. Corolla dark red, standard darker, w/ white eye. Flowers become violet or purplish w/ age. Calyx 25 mm long. Nagata, K.M. 1669 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
68 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puuwaawaa; E perimeter of the 1986 burn area, transect T28 near junction with T22, in former Colubrina-Diospyros forest. Liane on Lantana Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple Takeuchi, W.N. 5782 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
69 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kamakalepo, Kawela, Kau, Kaalualu-Waiohinu Rd., 5.2 mi S of jct with Belt Rd. over lichen covered aa flow Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4532 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-09
70 Canavalia hawaiiensis Downslope of Kukuiohiwai along trail to Kiholo In decadent dry forest w/lama & halapepe. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6843 Hawaii BISH 1983-05-14
71 Canavalia hawaiiensis Waiapaa Gulch, west side of deep drainage Lowland Dry Shrubland/Forest. Growing on west side of deep drainage on occasional rich black-brown pockets of fine-textured soil, on 40 degree slope, E aspect, in direct sun 60% of day, dry to mesic conditions. Associated with Syzygium jambos, Psidium cattleianum, Leucaena leucocephala, Solanum americanum, Conyza bonariensis, Passiflora suberosa, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Indigofera suffruticosa. Preserved_Specimen Liana; vegetative. Vigor normal. Rare in area. 1 mature, ca 100 seedlings, in 2 sq meter area. LeGrande, M. 1275 Lanai BISH 2003-02-05
72 Canavalia hawaiiensis west Maui, Lahaina District, Olowalu Valley, back of valley on west side at base of Wailuku Pali. Vegetation: Acacia, Metrosideros, Aleurites, Psidium, Pisonia, Pipturus, Urera, Boehmeria, Touchardia, Freycinetia, Antidesma, Coprosma, Dodonaea, Psychotria, Clermontia, Tectaria, Pteris, Sadleria, Cibotium, Microlepia, Spathodea, Ageratina, Passiflora, Rubus, Ipomoea, Nephrolepis, Cyclosorus, Oplismenus, Sphaeropteris. Preserved_Specimen Locally common vines. Oppenheimer, H.L. 21412 Maui BISH 2014-02-25
73 Canavalia hawaiiensis SW Mauna Loa, Tiki Lane over trees Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31119 Hawaii BISH 1966-11-28
74 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puna, National Park, Kalapana trail Aleurites grove Preserved_Specimen vine; fruit dry; flowers red-violet and white Tunison, T. Hawaii BISH 1987-05-01
75 Canavalia hawaiiensis Manuka Mauka Climbing on bushes Preserved_Specimen Degener, I. 11288 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-24
76 Canavalia hawaiiensis Waimea Arboretum, acc. # 06s12. Originally collected from Kaupulehu Reserve, Big Island, elev. 2200 ft, by David Orr with staff of Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden, 27 Feb 2006. Preserved_Specimen Orr, D. Oahu BISH 2011-04-22
77 Canavalia hawaiiensis Kona, N Kealakehua Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1958 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-26
78 Canavalia hawaiiensis Mts. near Koele Preserved_Specimen large vine, flowers reddish purple Forbes, C.N. 77 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
79 Canavalia hawaiiensis Puahauhi, Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 99 Hawaii BISH 1913-09-16
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