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Silene struthioloides

A.Gray (1854)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Caryophyllaceae Genus: Silene

catchfly

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched shrubs.

Stems: Stems from a taproot, 1–3 dm long, branched from base, glabrous, often swollen at the nodes.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or whorled. Blades subulate, 3–9(–13) mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide. rigid, ascending to erect, sometimes recurved on the youngest part of the stem. Base leaf bases often connate around the stem. Surfaces glabrous or sometimes sparsely puberulent on young leaves and in leaf axils. Margins entire. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in elongate, narrow, paniculate or subracemose cymes, glabrous to sparsely puberulent throughout. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Pedicels 3–11 mm long. Calyx 5-toothed, 9–13 mm long, 10–nerved, glabrous, the lobes obtuse, margins scarious. Corolla of 5 petals; petals greenish white or pale yellowish green, fading and drying maroon, blades ca. 6–8 mm long, deeply cleft, with a 2-lobed appendage at base. Stamens included or slightly exserted beyond calyx. Ovary superior; styles 3(4–5); ovary 1-celled or incompletely 2–4 celled, on a well–developed stipe that is adnate to the staminal filament bases and petal bases (referred to as a carpophore). Carpophore 3–6 mm long.

Fruit: Capsules oblong–ovoid; 1–celled throughout; 7–10 mm long; dehiscent by 6 or rarely 3 apical teeth or valves. Seeds reddish brown; reniform; 0.7–0.8 mm long; papillose.

Ploidy: 2n = ca.22*;24*

Habitat: Scattered primarily in subalpine to alpine shrubland.

Elevation Range: 2,150–3,500 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 2,150-3,500 m
  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Silene struthioloides has also been collected once on Pu'uke'eke'e (Degener et al. 19828, BISH) and along the Footprint Trail, summit of Hualalu (Forbes 2M.H, BISH), Hawai'i.

Bibliography

Name Published In: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 109 (1854)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:525 (EM, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Silene struthioloides A.Gray S.Kohala District, a cinder cone east of Saddle rd-Mamalahoa hwy junction, north of Old Aalii Pumping Station Associated with Sida, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Sophora, Osteomeles, and Lipochaeta. Conditions extremely dry. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 615 Hawaii BISH 10/8/1981
2 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, silversword exclosure, edge of gulch at headwaters of Wailuku On rock walls of gulch. Assoc. with Coprosma montana, Styphelia douglasii, Dubautia arborea, Vaccinium peleanum, Geranium cuneatum var. hololeucum, Asplenium trichomanes, & Pellaea ternifolia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 922 Hawaii BISH 9/21/1982
3 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Makawao District, SW rift zone of Haleakala, Waiohuli, Kula FR, near Skyline Dr. Local, in open cindery, W facing slope below & W of Kanahau Vegetation: 2m tall Subalpine Shrubland, degraded by feral goats. Sophora, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Dubautia, Dodonaea, Sanicula, Asplenium, Pteridium, Pellaea, Stenogyne, Agrostis, Deschampsia, Trisetum, Holcus, Plantago, Rumex. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Duvall, F. Collector Number: H120653 Maui BISH 12/27/2006
4 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala, sliding sands trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 986 m Maui BISH 7/31/1919
5 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, haleakala, near bubble cave cinder slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 9924 Maui BISH 8/22/1933
6 Silene struthioloides A.Gray East Maui, Haleakala, Sliding Sands trail with Pukiawe and Naenae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Olson, G.E. 39 Maui BISH 7/9/1937
7 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Kapapolu, Kau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 432 H Hawaii BISH 8/1/1911
8 Silene struthioloides A.Gray puu keekee, summit arid cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. murashige, t.; greenwell, a. collector number: 19828 Hawaii BISH 8/19/1949
9 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala Crater, 4 mi W of Paliku Cabin, near Bottomless Pit cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3717b Maui BISH 6/24/1969
10 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala, to Holua Cabin, Silversword Loop, cinder cone beyond lava lake red cinders with Argyroxiphium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 1918 Maui BISH 7/4/1966
11 Silene struthioloides A.Gray w haleakala, hwy. below kalahaku overlook lava rock slopes; with Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Tetramalopium humile PRESERVED_SPECIMEN iltis, h.h. iltis, m. collector number: 552 Maui BISH 8/7/1967
12 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea, mauka of puu laau open mamane forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 698 Hawaii BISH 2/24/1982
13 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, haleakala, sliding sands trail with Pukiawe and Naenae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN olson, g.e. collector number: 39 Maui BISH 7/9/1937
14 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lydgate, j.m. Maui BISH
15 Silene struthioloides A.Gray makawao district, sw rift zone of haleakala, waiohuli, kula fr, near skyline dr. local, in open cindery, w facing slope below & w of kanahau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. duvall, f. collector number: h120653 Oahu BISH 12/27/2006
16 Silene struthioloides A.Gray East Maui, Haleakala, near Bubble Cave cinder slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 9924 Maui BISH 8/22/1933
17 Silene struthioloides A.Gray above Humuula [Humuula-Mauna Kea trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. 753 Hawaii BISH 8/9/1935
18 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN brigham, w.t. anderson, t.; hosmer, r. Maui BISH 8/8/1909
19 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala, to holua cabin, silversword loop, cinder cone beyond lava lake dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 1918 Kauai BISH 7/4/1966
20 Silene struthioloides A.Gray hawaii volcanoes nat'l park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN aborn, r. CM 7/8/1962
21 Silene struthioloides A.Gray S.Kohala District, a cinder cone east of Saddle rd-Mamalahoa hwy junction, north of Old Aalii Pumping Station Associated with Sida, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Sophora, Osteomeles, and Lipochaeta. Conditions extremely dry. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 616 Hawaii BISH 10/8/1981
22 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, mauka of Puu Laau open mamane forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 698 Hawaii BISH 2/24/1982
23 Silene struthioloides A.Gray 5000' mauna kea, s.w. slope, dry slope, sunny PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. gray 2 CM 3/20/1992
24 Silene struthioloides A.Gray kaupo gap, haleakala, maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2313 GH 8/20/1927
25 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea; Puu Kanakaleonui; near campsite for Akiapola'au bird study. Sophora chrysophylla subalpine dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 653 Hawaii PTBG 3/9/1991
26 Silene struthioloides A.Gray kaupo gap, haleakala, maui. t.h. cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 2313 MO 8/20/1927
27 Silene struthioloides A.Gray maui Island, halekala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 660804017 UBC 8/4/1966
28 Silene struthioloides A.Gray E. Maui, SW rift zone of Haleakala, Waiohuli, Kula FR, near Skyline Drive. In open, cindery, west facing slope below and W of Kanahau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H120653 Maui PTBG 12/27/2006
29 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Near cindercones in Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. 2312 Maui US 8/15/2027
30 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Crater of Haleakala, E. Maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 280.M. Maui US 8/10/2020
31 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea, in arid cinders along road to observatory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & s. ishikawa 5165 Molokai US 1/16/1975
32 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Near Koolau Gap, Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 17154 Maui US 6/29/2027
33 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala Crater, to Holua Cabin and off to Silversword Loop and to cinder cone beyond the lava lake. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G. W. 1918 Maui US 7/4/1966
34 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala crater, to holua cabin and off to silversword loop and to cinder cone beyond the lava lake. Open kukui forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. gillett 1918 Oahu US 7/4/1966
35 Silene struthioloides A.Gray crater of haleakala, e. maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 280.m. Maui US
36 Silene struthioloides A.Gray e. maui; haleakala crater nat'l. park, nw outer slope of crater along park road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 3854 Maui US 7/13/1969
37 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala crater, cinder-cone 2 miles south of holua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN r. l. wilbur & g. l. webster 985 Maui US 7/3/1948
38 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Crater of Haleakala, E. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 280.M. Maui US 8/10/2020
39 Silene struthioloides A.Gray on slope of mauna kea in loose lava - north side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14292 Hawaii US 8/22/1916
40 Silene struthioloides A.Gray E. Maui; Haleakala Crater Nat'l. Park, NW outer slope of crater along park road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S. 3854 Maui US 7/13/1969
41 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala Crater, cinder-cone 2 miles south of Holua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilbur, R. L.; Webster, G. L. 985 Maui US 7/3/1948
42 Silene struthioloides A.Gray near koolau gap, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 17154 Maui US 6/29/1927
43 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8300 Hawaii US
44 Silene struthioloides A.Gray hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 312 Hawaii US
45 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, Papalepoki. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8300 Hawaii US 6/10/2020
46 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Sandwich Islands [Hawaiian Islands] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilkes Explor. Exped. s.n. Hawaii US 1838-00-00
47 Silene struthioloides A.Gray near cindercones in haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 2312 Maui US 8/15/1927
48 Silene struthioloides A.Gray source of wailuku river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 889.h. Hawaii US 6/18/1915
49 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8300 Hawaii US 6/1/2000
50 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea, papalepoki. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8300 Hawaii US
51 Silene struthioloides A.Gray crater of haleakala, e. maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 280.m. Maui US
52 Silene struthioloides A.Gray On slope of Mauna Kea in loose lava - north side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14292 Hawaii US 8/22/2016
53 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, in arid cinders along road to observatory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Ishikawa, S. 5165 Hawaii US 1/16/1975
54 Silene struthioloides A.Gray kaupo gap, haleekala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2313 Oahu US 8/20/1927
55 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, nw haleakala, park road Metrosideros, Hibiscus waimeae, Diospyros, Santalum, Canthium, Canavalia, Melia, Lantana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. collector number: 3854 Kauai BISH 7/13/1969
56 Silene struthioloides A.Gray s.kohala district, a cinder cone east of saddle rd-mamalahoa hwy junction, north of old aalii pumping station Associated with Sida, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Sophora, Osteomeles, and Lipochaeta. Conditions extremely dry. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 615 Hawaii BISH 10/8/1981
57 Silene struthioloides A.Gray papalekoki, mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8300 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
58 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala, Sliding Sands trail lava beds, cinder slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 9946 Maui BISH 8/22/1933
59 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Papalekoki, Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8300 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
60 Silene struthioloides A.Gray ne of hale pohaku, mauna kea lava rock crevices PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. murashige; kerr collector number: 19795 Hawaii BISH 9/1/1949
61 Silene struthioloides A.Gray hualalai, summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 204 h Hawaii BISH 6/19/1911
62 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea, road to observatory Metrosideros, Acacia, Psychotria, Eugenia, Clidemia, ferns PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5165 Oahu BISH 1/16/1975
63 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea, summit road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mceldowney, h. collector number: 4 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1976
64 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. collector number: 3854 Maui BISH
65 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, haleakala, puu nianiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8587 Maui BISH 10/1/1910
66 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Puu Keekee, summit arid cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19828 Hawaii BISH 8/19/1949
67 Silene struthioloides A.Gray East Maui, Haleakala, Puu Nianiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8587 Maui BISH 10/1/1910
68 Silene struthioloides A.Gray PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O. Degener 2313 Maui F 8/20/1927
69 Silene struthioloides A.Gray PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2313 Maui F 8/20/1927
70 Silene struthioloides A.Gray East Maui, Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 280 M Maui BISH 8/1/1910
71 Silene struthioloides A.Gray W Haleakala, hwy. below Kalahaku Overlook lava rock slopes; with Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Tetramalopium humile PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Iltis, H.H. 552 Maui BISH 8/7/1967
72 Silene struthioloides A.Gray makawao, waiohuli, w haleakala, nw of kalepeamoa, kula forest reserve ridge; dry; native shrubs and trees; on weathered aa and cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. collector number: 9195 Maui BISH 6/17/1980
73 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauka of hale pohaku, mauna kea lava ledges PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. murashige, t.; greenwell, a.; kerr collector number: 19763 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1949
74 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala crater, 4 mi w of paliku cabin, near bottomless pit cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3717b Maui BISH 6/24/1969
75 Silene struthioloides A.Gray s.kohala district, a cinder cone east of saddle rd-mamalahoa hwy junction, north of old aalii pumping station Dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. anderson, s. collector number: 616 Lanai BISH 10/8/1981
76 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Makawao, Waiohuli, W Haleakala, NW of Kalepeamoa, Kula Forest Reserve ridge; dry; native shrubs and trees; on weathered aa and cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9195 Maui BISH 6/17/1980
77 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, summit road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McEldowney, H. 4 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1976
78 Silene struthioloides A.Gray N Mauna Kea loose lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A.S. 14292 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1916
79 Silene struthioloides A.Gray NE of Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea lava rock crevices PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19795 Hawaii BISH 9/1/1949
80 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Hualalai, summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 204 H Hawaii BISH 6/19/1911
81 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala On rocky slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. Maui BISH
82 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Wailuku River, source PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 889 H Hawaii BISH 6/18/1915
83 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, silversword exclosure, edge of gulch at headwaters of Wailuku On rock walls of gulch. Assoc. with Coprosma montana, Styphelia douglasii, Dubautia arborea, Vaccinium peleanum, Geranium cuneatum var. hololeucum, Asplenium trichomanes, & Pellaea ternifolia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 922 Hawaii BISH 9/21/1982
84 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauka of Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea lava ledges PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19763 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1949
85 Silene struthioloides A.Gray n mauna kea loose lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, a.s. collector number: 14292 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1916
86 Silene struthioloides A.Gray haleakala, sliding sands trail lava beds, cinder slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 9946 Maui BISH 8/22/1933
87 Silene struthioloides A.Gray East Maui, NW Haleakala, park road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3854 Maui BISH 7/13/1969
88 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala, Sliding Sands trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 986 M Maui BISH 7/31/1919
89 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Mauna Kea, road to observatory arid cinders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5165 Hawaii BISH 1/16/1975
90 Silene struthioloides A.Gray wailuku river, source PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 889 h Hawaii BISH 6/18/1915
91 Silene struthioloides A.Gray mauna kea, silversword exclosure, edge of gulch at headwaters of wailuku On rock walls of gulch. Assoc. with Coprosma montana, Styphelia douglasii, Dubautia arborea, Vaccinium peleanum, Geranium cuneatum var. hololeucum, Asplenium trichomanes, & Pellaea ternifolia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 922 Hawaii BISH 9/21/1982
92 Silene struthioloides A.Gray above humuula [humuula-mauna kea trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: 753 Hawaii BISH 8/9/1935
93 Silene struthioloides A.Gray east maui, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 280 m Maui BISH 8/8/1910
94 Silene struthioloides A.Gray S.Kohala District, a cinder cone east of Saddle rd-Mamalahoa hwy junction, north of Old Aalii Pumping Station Associated with Sida, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Sophora, Osteomeles, and Lipochaeta. Conditions extremely dry. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 615 Hawaii BISH 10/8/1981
95 Silene struthioloides A.Gray kapapolu, kau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 432 h Hawaii BISH 8/8/1911
96 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Makawao District, SW rift zone of Haleakala, Waiohuli, Kula FR, near Skyline Dr. Local, in open cindery, W facing slope below & W of Kanahau Vegetation: 2m tall Subalpine Shrubland, degraded by feral goats. Sophora, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Dubautia, Dodonaea, Sanicula, Asplenium, Pteridium, Pellaea, Stenogyne, Agrostis, Deschampsia, Trisetum, Holcus, Plantago, Rumex. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H120653 Maui BISH 12/27/2006
97 Silene struthioloides A.Gray East Maui, Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Brigham, W.T. s.n. Maui BISH 3/23/1905
98 Silene struthioloides A.Gray Haleakala Crater, Halalii [puu] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 3066 Maui BISH 8/10/1973
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