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Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis

O.Deg., I.Deg. & Sherff (1964)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘ākoko, ‘akoko [akoko], ‘ekoko, koko, kōkōmālei

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees (0.4–)1–8(–9) m tall.

Stems: Stems prostrate to erect, pubescent, flowering branches often nodose, 1–4(–6) mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, distichous. Blades oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate to elliptic or linear, (4–)10–70(–80) mm long, (3–)5–30(–40) mm wide. Apex acute to obtuse, retuse or mucronulate. Base cuneate to obtuse, oblique. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces glabrous to pilose or villous;, glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles (0.5–)1–5(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous. Stipules acute to rounded–triangular, 1–4(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous, erose, ciliate.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia in short or open branched cymes or solitary in the leaf axils, peduncles (0.5–)2–10(–19) mm long, glabrous to villous. involucre campanulate, (1–)1.5–3 mm high, 2–4 mm wide, glabrous to villous, glands 4–5, green or red, glabrous to pilose. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles yellow, green, or red, bifid less than ½ to more than ½ their length, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm long, glabrous to pubescent; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules green to brown; ovoid to rounded–triangular; (0.5–)2–4 mm long; glabrous to pubescent; gynophores erect; exserted 0.5–1 mm from involucre; glabrous to pubescent. Seeds brown to gray; (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm long; tetragonal to obcompressed; smooth to rugose.

Ploidy: 2n = ca. 38*

Habitat: Coastal vegetation and mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 0–1,800 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 23(7): 122 (1964)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:606 (L, EM [as Chamaesyce celastroides var. laehiensis]); Govaerts et al. 2000:692/Yang & Berry 2011 (Syn. C. c. var. laehiensis = E. c. var. laehiensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid plain. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 24165 Lanai BISH 1957-08-20
2 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windy, aridf, calcareous outcrop up to about 500 ft. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate or nearly so; 15-45 cm. wide. Degener, O. 28375 Lanai BISH 1963-07-31
3 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On rocks, with Jacquemontia ovalifolia var sandwicensis, Nicotiana glauca, Digitaria, Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub James, S.A. 325 Maui BISH 2004-03-03
4 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details windy, dry, clay Preserved_Specimen 1.5' high, 3' wide symmetrical hemisphere Degener, O. 28746 Lanai BISH 1964-01-22
5 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1-2 Ft. tall stiff spreading suffruticose shrubs. Hobdy, R.W. 1980 Lanai BISH 1984-02-20
6 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plae leaves, bright-yellow glands. Forbes, C.N. 255 Lanai BISH 1913-12-13
7 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry, rocky pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1967 Lanai BISH 1938-04-14
8 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Only on calcareous, rounded slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28760 Lanai BISH 1964-01-26
9 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 94 Lanai BISH 1913-12-13
10 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 6 Lanai BISH 1956-01-15
11 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 705 Lanai BISH 1925-09-01
12 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 413 Lanai BISH 1929-04-24
13 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliffs mauka of roadside Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2340 Maui BISH 2013-01-10
14 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Arid, rocky plain with Sida, Argemone, Heteropogon. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling; up to 1 feet in height. Degener, O. 28369 Lanai BISH 1963-07-17
15 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Gossypium, Erythrina, Rauwolfia, Sida, Nesoluma, Myoporum; eroded red soil, dry forest Preserved_Specimen sprawling shrub with succulent stiff branches, to 2 ft. Carlquist, S. 2023 Lanai BISH 1966-07-17
16 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On sand dunes.Prostrate, mat forming branches very fragile, leaves glaucous green especially beneath. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18832 Lanai BISH 1938-04-13
17 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2080 ft on the south ridge up to Lihau summit overlooking Olowalu stream, mostly open vegetation with Osteomeles, Dodonaea, Bidens, Lipochaeta lavarum, Eragrostis grandis, Sida, Rhynchelytrum and Opuntia Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1391 Maui BISH 1991-11-27
18 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry exotic grassland with mixed native and exotic shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Small prostrate form. Warshauer, F.R. 2189 Lanai BISH 1979-04-09
19 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In red cinder near road, Dodonaea viscosa lowland dry shrub-land with Sida fallax, Prosopis pallida, Lantana, Wikstroemia, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna gaudichaudii. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate with flower and fruit. Perlman, S. 6407 Lanai BISH 1987-09-02
20 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Coral plain by coast. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1974 Lanai BISH 1984-02-20
21 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details xeric pili grass, aalii, nehe Preserved_Specimen 1-4', sparsely covered with leaves, stiff stemmed with many spreading branches Hobdy, R.W. 877 Maui BISH 1980-09-12
22 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rocky cliff and slope, with Cenchrus Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4753 Maui BISH 1983-01-14
23 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliffs mauka of roadside Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2195 Maui BISH 2004-08-13
24 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Dodonaea, Myoporum, Erythrina, Waltheria, Heteropogon Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 102305 Lanai BISH 2023-10-04
25 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details arid, red earth, windy, rocky, hill Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28373 Lanai BISH 1963-08-09
26 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details barren wind blown Preserved_Specimen small prostrate shrub; leaves opposite; oblong oval, 2.5 x 1 cm; tips retuse, light red; subpetiolate; stems angled; inflorescence many headed, short Spence, G. 308 Lanai BISH 1973-10-18
27 Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On calcareous substrate, in open, sunny, windy site. Vegetation: Nama, Heteropogon, Jacquemontia, Capparis, Fimbristylis, Chamaesyce hirta, Watheria, Prosopis, Leucaena, Melinis, Panicum fauriei. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling, prostrate shrubs. Latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 30918 Lanai BISH 2009-03-18
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