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Cyrtandra lydgatei

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched to few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–6 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, symmetrical, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 13–23 cm long, (4.5–)7–10(–14) cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate or blade abruptly constricted to a long-attenuate base. Upper surfaces sparsely hirsute; lower surfaces pale, sparsely puberulent or glabrate; thin, chartaceous, often flaccid. Margins coarsely and sometimes irregularly serrate. Petioles 3–9 cm long, sparsely to moderately villous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (2)3–7 in relatively dense umbelliform cymes arising in the leaf axils, moderately villous throughout, peduncles slender, 5–14 mm long, pedicels slender, unequal in length, 5–16 mm long, bracts lanceolate to elliptic, distinct or occasionally connate, 6–8 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, actinomorphic or nearly so, green, 9–15 mm long, cleft nearly to base, the lobes linear to linear–spatulate, moderately villous, inner surface glabrous or glabrous in the lower ⅓–1⁄2 and moderately villous in upper part of lobes, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube cylindrical, curved, ca. 8–10 mm long, villous in upper 1⁄2, the lobes ca. 2 mm long in dry specimens, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style 3–4 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid; 1.3–1.6 cm long; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 500–900 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 335 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:767 (Mo, L, WM); Wagner, Herbst & Lorence 2005– (EM; accessed Oct 2022); Munro 683 BISH (L†, 1890)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra lydgatei West Maui, Kaanapali, Honokawai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1870-08-01
2 Cyrtandra lydgatei Halawa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
3 Cyrtandra lydgatei Maunalei, head, middle valley Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 489 Lanai BISH 1920-06-14
4 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kaluaaha, west fork Along perennail stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Clidemia, Cyrtandra, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Vandenboschia, Asplenium, Dryopteris, Clermontia, Carex, Athyrium, Kadua, Psidium, Youngia, Ageratum, Ageratina, Diplazium, Peperomia Preserved_Specimen Occasional, unbranched shrubs to 1.25 m tall Oppenheimer, H.L. 121410 Molokai BISH 2014-12-05
5 Cyrtandra lydgatei Wailau Valley, east bank of Wailau Stream, in side gully In side gully Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. tall, petioles perfoliate; corolla white. Fosberg, F.R. 13470 Molokai BISH 1936-12-28
6 Cyrtandra lydgatei Wailau Valley, Hanuu [sp?] Pali near summit Moss forest of Metrosideros, Goouldia, Broussaisia [? And ferns?] Preserved_Specimen Tall stout shrub to 7 ft ht. Nagata, K.M. 1144 Molokai BISH 1973-01-01
7 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kalawao District; Upper Wailau Valley; Olona Gulch Alien Veg. & Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest with... Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Antidesma, Cibotium, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Clermontia, Ilex, Myrsine, Cyrtandra, Artemisia, Touchardia. Weeds... Clidemia, Kalachoe, Nephrolepis, Rubus rosifolius, Psidium. Preserved_Specimen 2 m tall shrub; in flower and fruit; corolla white; 20 ± plants in area. Wood, K.R. 1266 Molokai BISH 1991-10-02
8 Cyrtandra lydgatei W Maui, Honokahua Valley, along flank of a streambed near headwaters region. In vicinity of Transect Station 2.20 Assoc. vegetation: Gunnera petaloidea, Cheirodendron trigynum, Nothocestrum longifolium, Pipturus albidus, Urera glabra, Cyanea macrostegia, Cyrtandra grayana, C. hawaiiensis, Diplazium sandwichianum. Preserved_Specimen Meidell, J.S. 162 Maui BISH 1997-01-07
9 Cyrtandra lydgatei West Maui, Wailuku District, 'Iao Valley, Nakalaloa Stream Grows alongside C. hawaiiensis, C. hashimotoi, C. platyphylla and C. grayi; no hybrids observed Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Cyanea, Clermontia, Antidesma, Xylosma, Freycinetia, Urera, Touchardia, Pipturus, Boehmeria, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Gunnera, Bidens Preserved_Specimen Scattered, and rare, growing in small patches of 3-5 plants; unbranched shrubs to 0.5 m tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 91114 Maui BISH 2011-09-15
10 Cyrtandra lydgatei West Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Valley, south fork, back of valley below pali. On boulder strewn tributary. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Dodonaea, Touchardia, Pipturus, Boehmeria, Perrottetia, Xylosma, Antidesma, Clermontia, Cyrtandra spp. Bidens, Cibotium, Sadleria, Diplazium, Peperomia, Dicranopteris, Ageratina, Tibouchina, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, about 40 plants scattered in several patches in dense shade under Touchardia thickets. Oppenheimer, H.L. 11202 Maui BISH 2012-01-05
11 Cyrtandra lydgatei Wailau Valley, east bank of Wailau Stream, in side gully In side gully Preserved_Specimen Plant 2 m. tall, petioles perfoliate; corolla white. Fosberg, F.R. 13470 Molokai BISH 1936-12-28
12 Cyrtandra lydgatei West Maui, Lahaina District, West Maui Natural Area Reserve-Panaewa Section, Halona Gulch Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Ilex, Myrsine, Coprosma, Perrottetia, Hydrangea, ,Clermontia, Pipturus, Urera, Touchardia, Diplazium, Cyanea, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Cibotium, Smilax, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 62115 Maui BISH 2021-06-10
13 Cyrtandra lydgatei Wailau Valley, Hanuu [sp?] Pali near summit Moss forest of Metrosideros, Gouldia, Broussaisia. Preserved_Specimen Tall stout shrub to 7 ft ht. Nagata, K.M. 1144 Molokai BISH 1973-02-23
14 Cyrtandra lydgatei W Maui, Lahaina District, Kaua`ula Valley Local and rare in dense shade near streams. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Coprosma, Xylosma, Dubautia, Touchardia, Pipturus, Boehmeria, Urera, Clermontia, Cyanea, Lobelia, Perrottetia, Myrsine, Sadleria, Deparia, Diplazium, C. platyphylla, C. grayi, C. paludosa, C. hashimotoi, C. grayana, Freycinetia, Peperomia, Kadua. Preserved_Specimen Mostly unbranched herbaceous shrubs to 1.5m tall, but usually less. Base of calyx with a distinct white band, a feature not apparent in other populations of this species. Oppenheimer, H.L. 120804 Maui BISH 2008-12-02
15 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kahinahina Ridge Wind and fog swept shruby forest Preserved_Specimen Lower leaf surface furry when fresh O. Degener 28570 Lanai BISH 1963-09-09
16 Cyrtandra lydgatei USA, Hawaiian Islands, Maui, west Maui, Wailuku District West Maui Natural Area Reserve, Kahakuloa Section, western Kahakuloa Stream headwaters Rare, herbs in understory along perennial; stream. About 5-10 plant observed in tis location with C. hashimotoi, C. Paludosa, C. grayana, C. platyphylla and C. hawaiensis. Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Melicope, Coprosma, Kadua, Broussaisia, Dubautia, Pipturus, Touchardia, Urera, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Cyanea, Perrottentia, Scaevola, Gunnera, Cibotium, Sadleria, Diplazium, Athyrium, Cyclosorus, Smilax, Deparia, Carex, Astelia, Eragrostis, Peperomia, Pilea, Deschampsia, Clidemia, Ticbouchina, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 111304 Maui BISH 2013-11-06
17 Cyrtandra lydgatei West Maui, Wailuku District, Iao Valley, Poohahoahoa Stream, back of valley. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Psychotria, Kadua, Pipturus, Cyrtandra ssp., Broussaisia, Casuarina, Psidium, Boehmeria, Cyclosorus, Crigeron, Ageratina, Diplazium, Phyllostegia, Cyanea, Tibouchina, Amauropeta, Peperomia, Touchardia, Sadleria, Selaginella, Buddleia, Dubautia, Rubus, Blechnum, Tectaria, Dryopteris, Microlepia. Preserved_Specimen Scattered small colonies of 2-10 plants on steep talus slopes in narrow shady headwater tributary. Plants mostly unbranched, less than 1 meter tall; flowers white, calyx green with a faint light band at base. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71405 Maui BISH 2014-07-24
18 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kahuaawi Gulch, south of Kapuna Springs access road. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Cibotium, Dicranopteris, Microlwepia, Pouteria, Ilex, Psychotria, Pisonia, Charpentiera, Melicope, Peperomia, Pneumatopertis. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched herbaceous plants to 60 centimeters tall, about 20 plants observed along stream. Oppenheimer, H.L. 31102 Molokai BISH 2011-03-09
19 Cyrtandra lydgatei Wailau Valley, Hanuu [sp?] Pali near summit Moss forest of Metrosideros, Gouldia, Broussaisia and ferns. Preserved_Specimen Tall stout shrub to 7 ft ht. Nagata, K.M. 1144 Molokai BISH 1973-02-23
20 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kauaula valley, back of valley on W side In metrosideros polymorpha-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest with Pipturus albidus, Boehmeria grandis, Sadleria cyatheoides, Dubautia plantaginea, Machaerina angustifolia, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra grayi, Touchardia latifolia, Urera glabra, Coprosma pubens, Broussaisia arguta, Dodonaea viscosa, Cyrtandra hashimotoi. Preserved_Specimen About 50 - 100 plants see, 2 - 4 ft ht with small white fls. Perlman, S. 21289 Maui BISH 2008-12-03
21 Cyrtandra lydgatei Mapulehu Valley Wet canyon bottom. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12752 Molokai BISH 1932-12-28
22 Cyrtandra lydgatei Honokohau drainage basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 485 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
23 Cyrtandra lydgatei W Maui, Honolua Valley, along rocky banks of intermittent watercourse Assoc. vegetation: Touchardia latifolia, Thelypteris cyatheoides, Diplazium sandwichianum, Cyanea scabra, Coprosma pubens, Dicranopteris linearis, Cyrtandra hawaiiensis, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Sadleria souleyetiana, Rubus rosifolius. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 191 Maui BISH 1997-04-23
24 Cyrtandra lydgatei East Maui, Honomanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
25 Cyrtandra lydgatei Pukoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 279 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
26 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kalae Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 31 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
27 Cyrtandra lydgatei Maunalei Gulch, middle valley, at head of gulch Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 683 Lanai BISH 1920-06-14
28 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kalae Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 31 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
29 Cyrtandra lydgatei Mapulehu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 310 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
30 Cyrtandra lydgatei East Maui, Honomanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
31 Cyrtandra lydgatei East Maui, Honomanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
32 Cyrtandra lydgatei Kalae Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1918-05-25
33 Cyrtandra lydgatei West Maui, Kaanapali, Honokawai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1870-08-01
34 Cyrtandra lydgatei East Maui, Honomanu Gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
35 Cyrtandra lydgatei East Maui, Honomanu Gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
36 Cyrtandra lydgatei Waikamoi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1918-08-01
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