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Cyanea solenocalyx

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha], pua kala

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Palm-like trees 1–4 m tall.

Stems: Stems unarmed or muricate, aculeate in juveniles.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades dimorphic, juveniles ovate to broadly elliptic, blades 8–30 cm long, 6–18 cm wide (across the lobes); adults oblong to obovate, blades 25–60 cm long, 9–20 cm wide. Apex of juvenilles acute to acuminate; adults apex acute to obtuse. Base juveniles base rounded to truncate or subcordate; adults base cuneate to rounded. Juveniles: Surfaces pubescent and muricate to aculeate. Adults: Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces pubescent, unarmed or muricate along the midrib. Margins (in juvenile plants) irregularly lobed or cleft; adults margins callose–denticulate, sometimes shallowly lobed. Juveniles petioles 3.5–11 cm long, muricate to aculeate; adults petioles 8.5–16 cm long, muricate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 5–10–flowered, peduncles 30–50 mm long, pedicels 12–24 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect); hypanthium obconical, 10–15 mm long, 5–10 mm wide at apex. Calyx lobes oblong to narrowly oblong, 15–30 mm long, 5–8 mm wide and connate 5–27 mm from the base, or 3–4 mm wide and distinct, or ovate and 5–8 mm long, 4–5 mm wide. Corolla white with a median purple longitudinal stripe on each lobe, or heavily suffused with purple, 34–45 mm long, 5–10 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent, the tube suberect, the lobes erect, ca. ¼ as long as the tube. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries yellow to yellowish orange; ovoid; 16–18 mm long. Seeds numerous.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest; eastern Moloka'i.

Elevation Range: 900–1,390 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 258 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:464 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea solenocalyx Nualele [sp?] Valley rainforest Preserved_Specimen 4'; corolla twice as long as green calyx, greenish white with band of claret above center of each lobe Degener, O. 22140 Molokai BISH 1952-03-18
2 Cyanea solenocalyx About 1/8 mile east of Puu Ohelo On 65 degree slope. Preserved_Specimen Single branches, 6 feet tall. Flowers with white petals with purple strip down outside central portion (wedge shaped). Hairs down central outside of each petal. Buck, M. 1 Molokai BISH 1983-08-22
3 Cyanea solenocalyx Trail on ridge E of Mapulehu Valley In rain forest Preserved_Specimen Unbranched shrubs, 4-8 ft. high. St.John, H. 12848 Molokai BISH 1932-12-29
4 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau ahupuaa, Tr 19(13/14), Olokui Plateau, Kapapa Pali Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 3 cm. diam.; 1.3 m. tall; corolla white; leaves opposite. Higashino, P.K. 9466 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
5 Cyanea solenocalyx Kawela gulch, Kamakou waterfall; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Cibotium, Broussaisia, Sadleria, Coprosma, Stenogyne, Melicope, Myrsine, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Psychotria, Wikstroemia, Lysimachia, Viola, Pipturus, Scaevola, Urera glabra, Lantana, Melinis minutiflora Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6614 Molokai BISH 1987-10-21
6 Cyanea solenocalyx Kalawao, Kawela, W of pipeline and stream, Hanalilolilo ridge wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3949 Molokai BISH 1979-06-26
7 Cyanea solenocalyx Kaluaaha, Maunaoluolu ridge, E summit, W of top wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 30 cm, terrestrial Jacobi, J.D. 1506 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
8 Cyanea solenocalyx Between Waikolu and Pelekunu; Tr 4(19/20) wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade; in gulch Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m; terrestrial; few buds; clump of 10 plants some w/juvenile leaves. Jacobi, J.D. 1539 Molokai BISH 1979-07-14
9 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau, Olokui Plateau, Kapapa Pali wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern Preserved_Specimen to 1.5 m; single stem; leaves alternate Higashino, P.K. 9416 Molokai BISH 1980-08-02
10 Cyanea solenocalyx Kalawao, Kawela, W of pipeline and stream, Hanalilolilo ridge wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3948 Molokai BISH 1979-06-26
11 Cyanea solenocalyx Between Wailau and Pelekunu Valleys, E ridge of Olokui wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shady gulch Preserved_Specimen 2 m; corolla white; staminal column white with purple anthers Warshauer, F.R. 2951 Molokai BISH 1980-08-03
12 Cyanea solenocalyx Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley west of tunnel on pipeline trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 m. x 3 cm. Corolla tinged with magenta. St.John, H. 23390 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
13 Cyanea solenocalyx Kalawao, Wailau Valley, ridge to Olokui Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Antidesma, Cibotium, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Clermontia, Ilex, Myrsine, Cyrtandra, Lysimachia, Bidens, Lipochaeta, Artemisia, Clidemia, Kalanchoe, Nephrolepis, Rubus rosifolius Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m; unbranched; in flower and fruit; flower upright; corolla white with pink-purple tinge Wood, K.R. 1251 Molokai BISH 1991-10-01
14 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau, Olokui Plateau, Kapapa Pali wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m; corolla white with purple streaks Higashino, P.K. 9432 Molokai BISH 1980-08-03
15 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau Pali trail wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 5 cm bd; 2 m bole; terrestrial; small flower Jacobi, J.D. 1565 Molokai BISH 1979-07-21
16 Cyanea solenocalyx head of Waikolu Valley dark gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22137 Molokai BISH 1952-03-15
17 Cyanea solenocalyx W side of Kahawaiki Gulch, NE of N fork of Wailau Stream wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m x 3-4 cm shrub; terrestrial Jacobi, J.D. 1553 Molokai BISH 1979-07-18
18 Cyanea solenocalyx Between Waikolu and Pelekunu Valleys wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 2 m x 4 cm; ~15 stems; terrestrial; 3 flower buds, 1 flower; terrestrial Jacobi, J.D. 1528 Molokai BISH 1979-07-13
19 Cyanea solenocalyx Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley west of tunnel on pipeline trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 m. x 3 cm. Corolla tinged with magenta. St.John, H. 23390 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
20 Cyanea solenocalyx Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley west of tunnel on pipeline trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 m. x 3 cm. Corolla tinged with magenta. St.John, H. 23390 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
21 Cyanea solenocalyx Puu o Wahaula rain forest Preserved_Specimen juvenile Degener, O. 7782 Molokai BISH 1928-04-17
22 Cyanea solenocalyx Kamakou, below Pepeopae Bog deep gulch Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4932 Molokai BISH 1983-08-01
23 Cyanea solenocalyx Kumueli Gulch Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Coprosma, Kadua, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra, Cibotium, Clermontia, Sadleria, Diplazium, Pipturus, Urera, Myrsine, Alyxia, Cyanea, Christella, Vandenboschia, Peperomia, Rubus, Selaginella Preserved_Specimen Occasional, unbranched 2m tall, latex white, flowers white w/purple stripes, juvenile leaves lobed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110902 Molokai BISH 2009-11-10
24 Cyanea solenocalyx Kahuaawi Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meter height with fruit Perlman, S. 22460 Molokai BISH 2011-03-09
25 Cyanea solenocalyx Pukoo Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15009 Molokai BISH 1916-10-08
26 Cyanea solenocalyx Between Wailau and Pelekunu Valleys, E ridge of Olokui wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shady gulch Preserved_Specimen 2 m; corolla white; staminal column white with purple anthers Warshauer, F.R. 2951 Molokai BISH 1980-08-03
27 Cyanea solenocalyx Kumueli Gulch Scattered in gulch bottom. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Kadua, Urera, Pipturus, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Psychotria, Cibotium, Pneumatopteris, Diplazium, Athyrium, Ilex, Coprosma, Peperomia, Selaginella, Broussaisia, Psilotum. Preserved_Specimen To 4m tall, with white latex. Branched or unbranched, with thick stems armed with prickles when young; unusual population with very short sepals. Oppenheimer, H.L. 20715 Molokai BISH 2007-02-22
28 Cyanea solenocalyx Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley west of tunnel on pipeline trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 m. x 3 cm. Corolla tinged with magenta. St.John, H. 23390 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
29 Cyanea solenocalyx Between Waikolu and Pelekunu; Tr-4, S 18-19 in gulch Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1539 Molokai BISH 1979-07-14
30 Cyanea solenocalyx Waihanau - Waialeia Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14039 Molokai BISH 1918-05-01
31 Cyanea solenocalyx Pepeopae Bog Preserved_Specimen 4-8'; dimorphous; anthers purple and filaments ligh purple with white longitudinal areas; corolla white with light purple from base to ~base of anthers, color darkest along median line of petal Degener, O. 7781 Molokai BISH 1928-04-23
32 Cyanea solenocalyx Puniuohua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 530 Molokai BISH 1923-07-03
33 Cyanea solenocalyx Waihanau gulch along HHL trail intake. Preserved_Specimen Juvenile plant 1 m tall. Hobdy, R.W. 2916 Molokai BISH 1987-08-07
34 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8812 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
35 Cyanea solenocalyx Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6112 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
36 Cyanea solenocalyx Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12521 Molokai BISH 1915-05-06
37 Cyanea solenocalyx SE Puniuohua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 699 Molokai BISH 1923-07-03
38 Cyanea solenocalyx Waihanau Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14039 Molokai BISH 1918-05-01
39 Cyanea solenocalyx Kamalo Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 668 Molokai BISH 1910-06-01
40 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8812 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
41 Cyanea solenocalyx Pukoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 283 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
42 Cyanea solenocalyx Poholua Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 97 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
43 Cyanea solenocalyx Waihanau-Waialeia Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13118 Molokai BISH 1918-07-01
44 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8812 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
45 Cyanea solenocalyx Kaluaaha, ridge E of Manawai Gulch wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shady gulch Preserved_Specimen 0.5-3 m x 0.5-3 cm; 30-35 plants Warshauer, F.R. 2400 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
46 Cyanea solenocalyx Molokai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Molokai BISH 1864-01-01
47 Cyanea solenocalyx Molokai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Molokai BISH 1864-01-01
48 Cyanea solenocalyx Molokai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Molokai BISH 1864-01-01
49 Cyanea solenocalyx Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1910-05-01
50 Cyanea solenocalyx [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH
51 Cyanea solenocalyx trail between Hanalilolilo and Pepeopae Bog Joinvillea gaudichaudiana, Cibotium, Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen to 8', woody at base; flower white, broadly streaked red-violet in center of corolla lobes Carlquist, S. 2222 Molokai BISH 1966-08-25
52 Cyanea solenocalyx Pukoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 283 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
53 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8812 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
54 Cyanea solenocalyx Mts. above Puu Kolekole Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 176 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
55 Cyanea solenocalyx [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH
56 Cyanea solenocalyx head, Waikolu valley, pipe line Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2594 Molokai BISH 1938-07-13
57 Cyanea solenocalyx Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12521 Molokai BISH 1915-05-06
58 Cyanea solenocalyx Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6112 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
59 Cyanea solenocalyx head of Waikolu Valley dark gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22137 Molokai BISH 1952-03-15
60 Cyanea solenocalyx Kalaupapa; Puu Alii, SW section, small drainage near little bog wet; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron Preserved_Specimen 3 m tree; occasionally 1 or 2 branched; leaves dark green, purple nerves; fruit yellow Wood, K.R. 11260 Molokai BISH 2005-04-26
61 Cyanea solenocalyx Kamakou, below Pepeopae Bog deep gulch Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4932 Molokai BISH 1983-08-01
62 Cyanea solenocalyx In small tributary of feeder stream above Kawela Intake tunnel Very wet, narroe gulch. Growing with Viola robusta, Athyrium spp, Cyrtandra spp, Clermontia arborea, Cheirodendron and Cibotium. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. tall. No fertile Cyanea. Davis, J. 782 Molokai BISH 1982-05-22
63 Cyanea solenocalyx Upper Kawela Gulch, East Molokai In deeply shaded, steep sided gulches w/ no pig signs. Assoc. w/ Athyrium, Broussaisia, Cheirodendron, & Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Single flower pinkish-purple-white, flower got lost somehow. single fruit immature green. Plant palmiform 1-2 m ht. purple maroon prickles on stem & leaf surfaces. Trunk several cm in diameter, white latex turning pinkish on exposure to air. Gagné, B.H. Molokai BISH 1981-01-07
64 Cyanea solenocalyx Pukoo, Mr. Conrad's place Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15008 Molokai BISH 1916-10-08
65 Cyanea solenocalyx Wailau, Olokui Plateau, Kapapa Pali wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern Preserved_Specimen to 1.5 m; single stem; leaves alternate Higashino, P.K. 9416 Molokai BISH 1980-08-02
66 Cyanea solenocalyx Kainalu Stream Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Broussaisia, Elaphoglossum, Cibotium, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Coprosma, Kadua, Labordia, Clermontia, Lobelia, Tibouchina, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen rare, two sites along stream with about 20 plants total, including seedlings. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60906 Molokai BISH 2009-06-04
67 Cyanea solenocalyx Kumueli Gulch Scattered in gulch bottom. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Kadua, Urera, Pipturus, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Psychotria, Cibotium, Pneumatopteris, Diplazium, Athyrium, Ilex, Coprosma, Peperomia, Selaginella, Broussaisia, Psilotum. Preserved_Specimen To 4m tall, with white latex. Branched or unbranched, with thick stems armed with prickles when young; unusual population with very short sepals. Oppenheimer, H.L. 20715 Molokai BISH 2007-02-22
68 Cyanea solenocalyx Kumueli stream In Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest with Cibotium spp, Broussaisia arguta, Clermontia arborescens, Cyanea solenocalyx, Clermontia pallida, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Sadleria spp., Dubautia plantaginea, Coprosma ochracea, Cyrtandra grayi, Dodonaea viscosa, Kadua terminalis, Pipturus, Cyanea profuga, Pteris lydgatei, Urera glabra. Preserved_Specimen Different looking calyx, no calyx lobes, are truncate, frt orange. Perlman, S. 20222 Molokai BISH 2007-02-22
69 Cyanea solenocalyx Pepeopae Bog rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7783 Molokai BISH 1928-04-23
70 Cyanea solenocalyx Kaluaaha, Maunaoluolu ridge, E summit, W of top wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m, terrestrial; 2.3 m bole; terrestrial Jacobi, J.D. 1507 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
71 Cyanea solenocalyx Nualele [sp?] Valley rainforest Preserved_Specimen 4'; corolla twice as long as green calyx, greenish white with band of claret above center of each lobe Degener, O. 22140 Molokai BISH 1952-03-18
72 Cyanea solenocalyx W side of Kahawaiki Gulch, NE of N fork of Wailau Stream wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m x 3-4 cm shrub; terrestrial Jacobi, J.D. 1553 Molokai BISH 1979-07-18
73 Cyanea solenocalyx Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley west of tunnel on pipeline trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 m. x 3 cm. Corolla tinged with magenta. St.John, H. 23390 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
74 Cyanea solenocalyx above Halawa Valley, E of E fork of Kawainui Stream wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass and shrubs; stream bank, shade Preserved_Specimen 4 cm bd; 1.5 m bole; single clump, 2 medium and 2 immature Stemmermann, R.L. 3972 Molokai BISH 1979-07-23
75 Cyanea solenocalyx Kalaupapa, upper Waihanau, upper Mokomoko gulch above Kapuna springs, 20 m from waterfall at back of gulch mixed mesic forest, base of gulch; Metrosideros waialealae, Kalanchoe pinnata, Erechtites valerianifolia, Hedychium coronarium, Dicranopteris linearis, Sphenomeris chinensis, Blechnum appendiculatum, Dodonaea viscosa, Cibotium glaucum, Erigeron karvinskianus, Rubus rosifolius, Solanum americanum, Peperomia, Selaginella arbuscula, Brossaisia arguta, Pipturus albidus, Paspalum conjugatum, Drymaria cordata, Clermontia kakeana; growing out of rock 4 m above stream Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; many branching from base; leaves muricate margins sinuate; corolla white with purple streaks; pill bugs on leaves Wysong, M.L. 839 Molokai BISH 2005-12-08
76 Cyanea solenocalyx Between Waikolu and Pelekunu Valleys wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen 2 m x 4 cm; ~15 stems; terrestrial; 3 flower buds, 1 flower; terrestrial Jacobi, J.D. 1528 Molokai BISH 1979-07-12
77 Cyanea solenocalyx Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley west of tunnel on pipeline trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 m. x 3 cm. Corolla tinged with magenta. St.John, H. 23390 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
78 Cyanea solenocalyx Olokui NAR, W ridge of Wailau leading up to Olokui plateau, side gulch above Wailele falls Common in small drainage, Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium wet forest w. Myrsine lessertiana, Freycinetia arborea, Psychotria hawaiiensis, P. mariniana, P. mauiensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cheirodendron trigynum, Urera glabra, Pipturus albidus, Boehmeria grandis, Antidesma Preserved_Specimen Trees up to 3m tall, branched or unbranched, corolla cream with purple tinge or longitudinal purple line, anther dark purple Wood, K.R. 14804 Molokai BISH 2011-11-16
79 Cyanea solenocalyx Kaluaaha, Maunaoluolu ridge, E summit, W of top wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern; shade Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1507 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
80 Cyanea solenocalyx head of Waikolu Valley dark gulch Preserved_Specimen juvenile Degener, O. 22137 Molokai BISH 1952-03-15
81 Cyanea solenocalyx Kumueli Gulch Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Coprosma, Kadua, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra, Cibotium, Clermontia, Sadleria, Diplazium, Pipturus, Urera, Myrsine, Alyxia, Cyanea, Christella, Vandenboschia, Peperomia, Rubus, Selaginella. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, unbranched 2 m tall, latex white, flowers white w/purple stripes, juvenile leaves lobed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110902 Molokai BISH 2009-11-10
82 Cyanea solenocalyx Upper headwaters of Kaunakakai Gulch Scattered on steep slopes. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Asplenium, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Scaevola, Machaerina, Cibotium, Sadleria, Selaginella, Callistopteris, Elaphoglossum, Athyrium, Diplazium, Adenophorus, Rubus, Peperomia, Kadua, Astelia. Preserved_Specimen Plants branched or unbranched to 3m tall, latex white; flowers white w. purple stripes. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110602 Molokai BISH 2006-11-01
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