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Myrsine helleri

(O.Deg. & I.Deg.) H.St.John (1978)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Primulaceae Genus: Myrsine

‘ōliko, kōlea [kolea]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Branched shrubs or trees 2–5 m tall.

Stems: Branches dark reddish brown, slender, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered toward the tips of the branches. Blades narrowly lanceolate to linear–lanceolate or linear–elliptic, 4–7 cm long, 0.5–1.4 cm wide. Apex longacuminate and often slightly hooked. Base cuneate. Surfaces glabrous; upper surfaces black punctate; lower surfaces inconspicuously reticulate. Margins entire and slightly thickened. Submarginal vein present. Subsessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–3 in bracteolate fascicles among and slightly below the leaves, pedicels 2–4 mm long, glabrous. Flowers apparently bisexual (perfect). Calyx 4–5(6)-lobed, usually deeply so, the lobes imbricate or valvate in bud, punctate or with secretory lines, lobes ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, punctate, margins ciliate. Corolla 4–5(6)-lobed, the lobes nearly distinct or connate up to ½ their length, imbricate in bud, oblanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm long. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, apex with a short tuft of hairs. Ovary superior, 3–5(6)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules few in a single row, ovary reduced and sterile or absent in staminate flowers; style very short or absent, terminal; stigma capitate-angled.

Fruit: Drupes bluish black at maturity; globose; ca. 8 mm in diameter. Seeds 1 per fruit; small; dark colored; subglobose; excavated at base.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range: 640–650 m (Wahiawā Bog) and 1,400–1,525 m. (Alaka'i Swamp to Mount Wai'ale'ale)

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Phytologia 39: 107 (1978)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:940 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In and near a bog Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2700 Kauai BISH 1895-08-12
2 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with Dicranopteris-Diplopteryglum-Sticherus matting ferns with Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Vaccinium calycinum, Broussaisia arguta, Kadua affinis, Peperomia hesperomannii, Gahnia vitiensis kauiensis, Coprosma elliptica, Melicope clustifolia, M. waialeale, M Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 meters tall, rare, mapped. Wood, K.R. 15485 Kauai BISH 2013-04-24
3 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details mixed wet forest with matting ferns and riparian vegatation Deschampsia nubigena, Vaccinium dentatum, V. calycinum, Leptecophylla tameamea, Lycopodium venustulum, Melicope clusiifolia, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma elliptica, Kadua affinis, Dianella sandwicens Preserved_Specimen tree, 2.25 m tall, stems brown-black, flowers yellow-white, in forest near bog margin, 2 trees, second tree 3.5 m tall, along trail to weather port Wood, K.R. 14890 Kauai BISH 2012-02-08
4 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dicranopteris, Oreobolus, Metrosideros, Pelea, Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen 1 m tree, fruit green with purple striations Lorence, D.H. 5175 Kauai BISH 1987-04-10
5 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details windswept; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Sticherus, Diplopterygium, Dicranopteris, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Dubautia laxa, D. knudsenii, Bidens campylotheca, Freycinetia arborea, Sadleria pallida, Hedyotis tryblium Preserved_Specimen 3 m tree, many branched; stems brown red, leaves purple tinge Wood, K.R. 12188 Kauai BISH 2006-10-18
6 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros/Dubautia/Oreobolus Bog W/ Dubautia spp., Machaerina angustifolia, Deschampsia nubigena, Sadleria spp., Adenophorus spp., Athyrium microphyllum, Laborida waialealae. Labordia pumila, Metrosideros waialeale var. waialeale, Preserved_Specimen Woody shrub approx. 1.5 m tall growing on West-facing (leeward) side of knoll. Leaves clustered mostly near the branch ends, with very wavy margins, and reddish midribs on the abaxial surface of older leaves. All parts glabrous. Older leaves with many black dots on adaxial surface. Flwoer buds in leaf axils near distal e Williams, A.M. 27 Kauai BISH 2013-12-06
7 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In and near a bog Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2700 Kauai BISH 1895-08-12
8 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sloping bogs with adjacent Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with small side streams and wind swept slopes with Rhynchospora rugosa lavarum, Racomitrium, Orebolus, Viola wallenalenae, Myrsine helleri, Lobelia villosa, L. hypoleuca, Sadleria pallida, Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Gahnia vitiensis. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 1.5 meters tall, full branched, vegetative, in bog with Rhynchospora, Viola wailenalenae, Viola kaueiensis, 1 of 2 trees observed, mapped. Wood, K.R. 16007 Kauai BISH 2014-07-30
9 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron short statured wet forest with open bog habitat dissected by headwater drainages w/ genera such as Melicope, Myrsine, Dubautia, Vaccinium, and Kadua, fern genera include Asplenium, Adenophorus, Dryopteris, Sadleria, El Preserved_Specimen Tree, 1.75m tall, sttems brown, leaves medium green above, with yellow-green costa, single tree, uncommon, mapped Wood, K.R. Kauai BISH 2015-01-21
10 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details montane bogs w/ mixed sedges and grasses including Rhynchospora chinensis spiciformis, R. rugosa lavarum, Dichanthelium, Deschampsia, Machaerina, herbs of Plantago pachyphylla, Viola, shrubs of Metrosideros, Dubautia waialealae, D. imbricata acronaea, D. laxa hirsuta, Cheirodendron dominii, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, bogs dissected w/ riparian veg of Metrosideros-Cheirodendron forest. Preserved_Specimen tree, large 20 cm diameter base, moderately branched, stems dark brown, leaves undulate, perhaps represents a new taxon as it appears to be symphatric with M. helleri, yet clearly distinctive in form, uncommon Wood, K.R. 11683 Kauai BISH 2005-12-30
11 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 5' shrub; fruit dark purple, ~1 cm Davis, J. 139 Kauai BISH 1979-09-02
12 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Metrosideros- Dicranopteris Wet Shrubland with Melicpoe clusifolia, Broussaisia, Pepperomia, Asplenium, Mosses, Selaginella, Metrosideros, Rubus rosifolius, Stenogyne purpurea, Saddleria, Cibotium, Labordia waialealae, Dubautia, Pipturus, Lobel. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub 4.5 feet tall. Multi-branched. Red-brown bark. Leaves dark glabrous green above, white green below with pink near base. Flower. Tangalin, N. 2502 Kauai BISH 2011-02-03
13 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland w/ Dubautia imbricata subsp. acronaea, D. knudsenii subsp. filliformis, D. laxa subsp. hirsuta, D. paleata, D. raillardioides, D. pauciflorula, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. pallida, S. souleyetiana, S. squ. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, stems black-brown, early flower, single tree. Wood, K.R. 16199 Kauai BISH 2015-01-07
14 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, treeferns Preserved_Specimen 3 m x 8 cm shrub, long erect branches; leaves clustered near ends Warshauer, F.R. 3373 Kauai BISH 1981-05-11
15 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In and near a bog Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2700 Kauai BISH 1895-08-12
16 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Pelea, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Oreobolus, Dichanthelium, Viola, Juncus planifolius Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m shrub, ripe fruit purplish black Lorence, D.H. 6024 Kauai BISH 1988-06-17
17 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland/fernland, high wind summit slopes with Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Melicope clusiifolia, M. waialealae, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia laxa, D. paleata, D. imbricata acronaea, Broussaisia arguta, Bidens forbes Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2.5 meters tall, on steep slope, uncommon Wood, K.R. 15462 Kauai BISH 2013-04-03
18 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lobelia kauensis, Pelea waialealae, Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub, leaves pale green Carlquist, S. 1978 Kauai BISH 1966-07-11
19 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen fruiting Rock, J.F.C. 8887 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
20 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen small shrub Stone, B.C. 1652 Kauai BISH 1957-01-02
21 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1 m clump; petal green with a few faint reddish lines St.John, H. 26047 Kauai BISH 1957-01-02
22 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3' bush, berries black St.John, H. 13571 Kauai BISH 1933-12-24
23 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3-6' shrub; leaves green, base wine red; fruit immature, olive green van Royen, P. 11726 Kauai BISH 1977-09-03
24 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen small tree Stone, B.C. 3722 Kauai BISH 1961-08-11
25 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3-6 dm clumps St.John, H. 26765 Kauai BISH 1969-08-22
26 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4973 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
27 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen short shrub; leaf base reddish; fruit streaked with red lines Herbst, D.R. 1932 Kauai BISH 1971-04-04
28 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m shrub Lamoureux, C.H. 2647 Kauai BISH 1964-04-25
29 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4958 Kauai BISH 1909-09-24
30 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5205 Kauai BISH 1983-12-22
31 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub MacDaniels, L.H. 640 Kauai BISH 1927-02-08
32 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3' bush, berries black St.John, H. 13571 Kauai BISH 1933-12-24
33 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
34 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6716 Kauai BISH 1981-03-12
35 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 710 Kauai BISH 1910-02-01
36 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10848 Kauai BISH 1930-12-29
37 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10848 Kauai BISH 1930-12-29
38 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 451 Kauai BISH 1909-12-01
39 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland w/ Dubautia imbricata subsp. acronaea, D. knudsenii subsp. filliformis, D. laxa subsp. hirsuta, D. paleata, D. raillardioides, D. pauciflorula, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. pallida, S. souleyetiana, S. squ. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2.5 m tall, well branched, stems brown or red-brown, leaves glossy green with yellow-white nerves, stamens pale brown-orange, uncommon. Wood, K.R. 16207 Kauai BISH 2015-01-08
40 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17094 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
41 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17094 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
42 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1982-08-30
43 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Oreobolus bog Euphorbia sparsiflora, Wikstroemia oahuensis var palustris, Melicope waialeale, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron, Machaerina angustifolia, Lobelia wahiawa. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4-5 ft ht with flowers and fruit Perlman, S. 23348 Kauai BISH 2013-03-25
44 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris low statured wet forest with wind swept ridge and riparian vegetation with Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Cheirodendron platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Dubautia laxa, Bobea elatior, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Pritchardia flynnii, Broussaisia arguta. Preserved_Specimen Shrub or small tree, 1.5 meters tall, in early fruit, single plant Wood, K.R. 18370 Kauai BISH 2020-01-30
45 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed Metrosideros-A.Koa-Dicranopteris Lowland forest w/ Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Clidemia, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Cordyline, Nephrolepis, Blechnum, Elephantopus, Bidens, Diospyros sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Psidium guajava, Bidens forbesii, C Preserved_Specimen Small shrub 6 ft tall, 2 in area. Lvs light green below w/ scattered red spots, above leaf shiny green, tip recurved. bark red-brn. Flw white w/ immature fruit green and red bases. Tangalin, N. 3723 Kauai BISH 2014-03-13
46 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In and near a bog Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2700 Kauai BISH 1895-08-12
47 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2971 Kauai BISH 1938-08-16
48 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 2971 Kauai BISH 1938-08-16
49 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In and near a bog Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2700 Kauai BISH 1895-08-12
50 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rolling hills with bogs, stream drainages, and steep perimeter rim, fewfew canopy trees of Cheirodendron & Metrosideros -w/ Dubautia laxa, D. plaeata, Melicope clusiifolia, M. waialealae, M. kavaiensis, M. wawraeana, M. cruciata, Dicranopteris linearis, Sticherus owhy Metrosideros windswept shrubland Preserved_Specimen small trees and shrubs, 2-3 m tall moderately branched, branches stiffly ascending and shrubby on upper quarter of tree, leaves green, young leaves with purple tinge, occasional flowers, ca 30 tgrees on summit Wood, K.R. 8173 Kauai BISH 2000-02-01
51 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest, bogs and riparian habitats w/ Broussaisia arguta, Dubautia paleata, Labordia waialealae, L. Pumila, Polyscias waialealae, Vaccinum calycinum, Pipturus ruber, Deschampsia nubigena, Machaerina angustifolia, Melicope clusiifolia, Preserved_Specimen Small tree, well branched, rounded crown, w/ purple-black fruit, rare in area, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17920 Kauai BISH 2018-08-14
52 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Upper slope of the Wainiha Pali mixed fern shrubland W/Machaerina angustifolia, diplopterygium pinnatum, metrosideros polymorpha var. pumila, Dicranopteris linearis, Leptecophylla temelameiae, Gahnia beecheyi, Viola wailenalenae Preserved_Specimen Woody shrub approximately 1. m tall, branched at base and forming a wide round head. Leaves clustered mostly around branch ends. Plant primarily vegetative, but some small buds emerging from leaf axils Williams, A.M. 60 Kauai BISH 2014-07-29
53 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Oreobolus-Dicranopteris Bog W/ Oreobolus furcatus, Dicranopteris, Metrosideros, Ilex, Antidesma, Cheirodendron, Syzygium, Kadua affinis, Melicope clusifolia, Melicope waialealae, Machaerina angustifolia, Dubautia, Psychotria mar Preserved_Specimen 2 dark purple fruits. Shrub occasional in bog. Lvs undulating. Tangalin, N 5077 Kauai BISH 2019-02-21
54 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron short statured wet forest with open bog habitrat dissected by headwater drainages w/ genera such as Melicope, Myrsine, Dubautia, Cheirodendron, Metrosideros, Coprosma, Labordia, Psychotria, Vaccinium, and Kadua, fern genera include Asplenium, Adenophorus, Dryopteris, Sadleria, El Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, leaves undulate light green, uncommon, mapped. Wood, K.R. 16257 Kauai BISH 2015-01-21
55 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed montane wet shrubland and forest on plateau w/ hills dissected by stream drainages, occasional bogs, and steep perimeter rim, w/ Cheirodendron spp, Dubautia laxa, D. paleata, Melicope clusiifolia, M. waialealae, M. kavaiensis, M., wa Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2.25 m tall, fully branched with rounded crown, leaves green w/ slight yellowing, corolla lobes cream with purple-pink tracery, stamens yellow or yellow-pink, stigma cream-yellow, w/ immature fruit, single tree, uncommon, w/ M. lessertiana, mapped. Wood, K.R. 18117 Kauai BISH 2019-02-27
56 Myrsine helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland w/Dubautia imbricata subsp. acronaea, D. knudsenii subsp. Filiformis, D. laxa subp. hirsuta, D. paleata, D. raillardioides, D. pauciflorula, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. pallida, S. souleyetiana, S. squ Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, well branched, early flower, rare Wood, K.R. 16181 Kauai BISH 2015-01-07
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