Coleus scutellarioides

(L.) Benth. (1830)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Coleus

coleus, coleus, weleweka, weleweka

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems fleshy, 5–15 dm long, sparsely to moderately puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate–deltate to broadly ovate, (7–)10–21 cm long, 2.5–10 cm wide. Upper surfaces sparsely to densely scabrid to hirtellous or strigillose; lower surfaces glandular punctate and hirtellous, especially on veins, Leaves variously colored green, red, purple, yellow, or variegated, membranous. Margins crenate to serrate. Petioles 2–5.5 cm long, strigillose. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in verticillasters or irregularly branched cymes 5–10(–25) cm long, bracts ovate, caducous; bracts early deciduous or absent; flowers pedicellate. Calyx actinomorphic, occasionally bilabiate, 2–2.5 mm long, enlarging to 4–6 mm long in fruit, hirtellous and glandular punctate, the glands black, upper lip broadly ovate, becoming recurved in fruit, apex acute, lower lip 4-toothed, the teeth distinctly unequal, lateral ones very short, truncate to rounded, median ones sharply pointed. Corolla zygomorphic, much exserted, blue or violet, tube whitish, lower lip boat–shaped, longer than upper lip, 8–13 mm long; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, declinate, nearly included in corolla tube; filaments connate or free; anther cells apex confluent, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, anatropous to hemitropous or apotropous; style 1, apex equally 2-cleft, shortly 2 lobed; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets 1-seeded; brown; shiny; broadly ovoid to lenticular; 1–1.2 mm long. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 24; 36; 40; 48; 49; 54; 72

Habitat: Various forms are cultivated; some of which are now naturalized in disturbed parts of mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 30–300 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (101)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

Bibliography

Name Published In: N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 16 (1830)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:828 (K, O, M, H [as Plectranthus scutellarioides]); Wagner & Herbst 1999:1883 (NOM:Syn. P. scutellarioides = Solenostemon scutellarioides); Staples & Herbst 2005:356 (KEY), 364 (DESCR); Grayer et al. 2010/Wagner et al. 2012:48 (NOM:Syn. S. scutellarioides)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Laie, Temple loam PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ziegelbauer, K. 32 Oahu BISH 3/13/1975
2 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hilo garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10266 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1933
3 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, courtyard of St.John Hall bed in full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1175 Oahu BISH 7/1/1985
4 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Halelea, Limahuli; NTBG PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3765 Kauai BISH 2/15/1990
5 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, on the side of the Puna Trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. 79.103 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
6 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hanalei valley, ohiki rd pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1608 Kauai BISH 3/24/1986
7 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. East Maui, side of Hana Hwy 2 mi from Hana ferns and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ishikawa, S. 163 Maui BISH 10/14/1972
8 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. halelea, limahuli; ntbg Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3765 Hawaii BISH 2/15/1990
9 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. laie PRESERVED_SPECIMEN guinto, j. collector number: 22 Oahu BISH 3/6/1986
10 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Pupukea; Boys Campus clay silt PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Utai, M. 8 Oahu BISH 2/1/1975
11 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. East Maui, 15 mi W of Hana along Hwy. 36 with Eucalyptus, Monstera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3723 Maui BISH 6/26/1969
12 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District. THe plant was collected on the side of the Puna Trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. Collector Number: 79.103 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
13 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. stainback hwy. near jct. with hwy. 11 on muddy rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 925 Kauai BISH 2/16/1968
14 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, on the side of the Puna Trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. Collector Number: 79.103 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
15 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. east maui, hana district, kalahu, ptbg kahanu garden, around piilanihale heiau remnant Pandanus forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 2473 Maui BISH 10/20/1987
16 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of halepuaa in the puna district, on the side of the puna trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshida, l. collector number: 79.103 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
17 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District. THe plant was collected on the side of the Puna Trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. 79.103 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
18 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 911 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1909
19 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. pupukea; boys campus Rocky south rim. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN utai, m. collector number: 8 Oahu BISH 2/1/1975
20 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. 264 California Ave., Wahiawa red clay PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Elia, H.V.K. 23 Oahu BISH 4/4/1971
21 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. honolulu, tantalus, puu ualakaa gate wet forest, roadside; with Eucalyptus citriodora, Toona ciliata, Setaria gracilis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ray, g. gibney, e. collector number: 42 Oahu BISH 8/27/1997
22 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu, Tantalus, Puu Ualakaa gate wet forest, roadside; with Eucalyptus citriodora, Toona ciliata, Setaria gracilis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ray, G. Gibney, E. Collector Number: 42 Oahu BISH 8/27/1997
23 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District. THe plant was collected on the side of the Puna Trail Mesic wet forest, disturbed roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. J. Ray 42 Hawaii HAPI 8/27/1997
24 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hanalei, wainiha power house road. next to power house Planted along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. t. beck & l. jackson-beck 1200 Oahu BISH 8/8/1990
25 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu, Tantalus, Puu Ualakaa gate PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. P. Perlman, H. L. Oppenheimer & K. M. Bustamente 22928 Oahu HAPI 6/21/2012
26 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hilo garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10266 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1933
27 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. East Maui, Hana Rd. near Hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 9910 Maui BISH 8/20/1933
28 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hanalei Valley, Ohiki Rd pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1608 Kauai BISH 3/24/1986
29 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 911 Maui BISH 5/1/1909
30 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. Collector Number: 911 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1909
31 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. uh campus, courtyard of st.john hall bed in full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1175 Oahu BISH 7/1/1985
32 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Sunset Beach silty loam PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Afualo, D. 125 Oahu BISH 3/25/1975
33 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. east maui, hana rd. near hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 9910 Maui BISH 8/20/1933
34 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. east maui, 15 mi. w of hana along hwy. 36 Dense tree 15' ht, off trail on side of valley; under large Acacia koa and Antidesma platyphyllum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. collector number: 3723 Oahu BISH 6/26/1969
35 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. laie, temple loam PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ziegelbauer, k. collector number: 32 Oahu BISH 3/13/1975
36 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hilo garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. Collector Number: 10266 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1933
37 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. east maui, side of hana hwy 2 mi. from hana ferns and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ishikawa, s. collector number: 163 Maui BISH 10/14/1972
38 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. honolulu, nuuanu, kuakaha open garden bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. Oahu BISH 6/12/1941
39 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Tantalus, 3245 Round Top Dr, at Puu Ualakaa gate Mesic wet forest, disturbed roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. J. Ray 42 NY 8/27/1997
40 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hana, along Olopawa road to cinder pit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 22928 Maui BISH 6/21/2012
41 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu, Tantalus, Puu Ualakaa gate wet forest, roadside; with Eucalyptus citriodora, Toona ciliata, Setaria gracilis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ray, G. 42 Oahu BISH 8/27/1997
42 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. East Maui, Hana, along road to dump. Growing in weedy brush along road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3221 Maui BISH 7/14/1990
43 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Laie semi wet area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Guinto, J. 22 Oahu BISH 3/6/1986
44 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. tantalus, 3245 round top dr, at puu ualakaa gate Mesic wet forest, disturbed roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. j. ray 42 NY 8/27/1997
45 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hanalei valley, ohiki rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn 1608 PH 3/24/1986
46 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Limahuli Valley, National Tropical Botanical Garden. Cultivated plants. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3765 Kauai PTBG 2/15/1990
47 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. kauai island: hanalei, wainiha power house road. next to power house Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. t. beck 1200 NY 8/8/1990
48 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hanalei Valley. Naturalized in pasture along Ohiki Road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1608 Kauai PTBG 3/24/1986
49 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. NaPali Coast State Park, back of Kalalau Valley. Next to swimming hole along Kalalau Stream. Degraded Diverse Mesic Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2382 Kauai PTBG 8/21/2010
50 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. KAUAI: Hanalei Valley. Naturalized in pasture along Ohiki Road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1608 Kauai PTBG 3/24/1986
51 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Halelea District; Limahuli Valley; National Tropical Botanical Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W. 3765 Kauai US 2/15/1990
52 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Haiku Stairs, base of stairs near road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. L. Wagner 5643 Oahu PTBG 6/2/1985
53 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Kapaa, Kanepoonui Road off of Kawaihau Road. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1318 Kauai PTBG 5/29/2007
54 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Kalalau, just above Big Pools, planted next to the stream with Impatiens walleriana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2382 Kauai PTBG 8/23/2010
55 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honomaele. Ula'ino road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60120 Maui PTBG 6/11/2001
56 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden. Elev. 0-50 ft. Cultivated area around Piilanihale Heiau. In remnant Pandanus forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2473 Maui PTBG 10/20/1987
57 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hana, along Olopawa road to cinder pit. Alien veg. with Aleurities moluccana, Spathodea campanulata. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 22928 Maui PTBG 6/21/2012
58 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, courtyard of St.John Hall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1175 Oahu US 7/1/1985
59 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Brigham, W. T. s.n. Oahu US 3/4/1905
60 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hamakua district, hana, along olopawa road to cinder pit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman, h. l. oppenheimer & k. m. bustamente 22928 Maui US 6/21/2012
61 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hamakua District, Hana, along Olopawa road to cinder pit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. P. Perlman, H. L. Oppenheimer & K. M. Bustamente 22928 Maui US 6/21/2012
62 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. kapa`a, kanepoonui road off kawaihau road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN n. tangalin 1318 Kauai US 5/29/2007
63 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Along Stainback Hwy near junction with Hwy 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 925 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
64 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. t. brigham s.n. Oahu US 1890-08-09
65 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Along Stainback Highway near junction with Highway 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 926 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
66 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hamakua District, Hana, along Olopawa road to cinder pit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Oppenheimer, H. L.; Bustamente, K. M. 22928 Maui US 6/21/2012
67 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Nahiku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12462 Maui US 8/30/1939
68 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Kapa`a, Kanepoonui Road off Kawaihau Road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tangalin, N. 1318 Kauai US 5/29/2007
69 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. along stainback hwy near junction with hwy 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 925 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
70 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 925 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
71 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. nahiku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 12462 Maui US 8/30/1939
72 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Along Stainback Highway near junction with Highway 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 925 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
73 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. along stainback highway near junction with highway 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 926 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
74 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hanalei, Wainiha Power House Road. Next to Power House PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beck, H. T.; Jackson-Beck, L. A. 1200 Kauai US 8/8/1990
75 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. halelea district; limahuli valley; national tropical botanical garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn 3765 Kauai US 2/15/1990
76 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. honolulu: manoa valley; university of hawaii manoa campus, courtyard of st.john hall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. lau 1175 Oahu US 7/1/1985
77 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 926 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
78 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. On side of Hana Hwy 2 mi from Hana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ishikawa, S. S. 163 Maui US 10/14/1972
79 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. on side of hana hwy 2 mi from hana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. s. ishikawa 163 Maui US 10/14/1972
80 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hanalei Valley, Ohiki Rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W. 1608 Kauai US 3/24/1986
81 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. along stainback highway near junction with highway 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 925 Oahu US 2/16/1968
82 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. stainback hwy. near jct. with hwy. 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 926 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
83 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. stainback hwy. near jct. with hwy. 11. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 925 Hawaii US 2/16/1968
84 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. stainback hwy. near jct. with hwy. 11 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 926 Hawaii BISH 2/16/1968
85 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 925 Hawaii BISH 2/16/1968
86 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hiaku Stairs, base of stairs near road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Miller, S. W.; Wier, D. B. 5643 Oahu US 6/2/1985
87 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu, PTBG Kahanu Garden, around Piilanihale Heiau remnant Pandanus forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 2473 Maui BISH 10/20/1987
88 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 926 Hawaii BISH 2/16/1968
89 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. stainback hwy. near jct. with hwy. 11 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 925 Hawaii BISH 2/16/1968
90 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. 264 california ave., wahiawa red clay PRESERVED_SPECIMEN elia, h.v.k. collector number: 23 Oahu BISH 4/4/1971
91 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Honolulu, Nuuanu, Kuakaha open garden bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/12/1941
92 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. sunset beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN afualo, d. collector number: 125 Oahu US 3/25/1975
93 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 12462 Oahu US 8/30/1939
94 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. nahiku Naturalized over ca. 1 acre in koa tree fern forest on tree trunks and fallen logs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 12462 Maui BISH 8/30/1939
95 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. UH campus, courtyard of St.John Hall bed in full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1175 Oahu BISH 7/1/1985
96 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. honolulu: manoa valley; university of hawaii manoa campus, courtyard of st.john hall bed in full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1175 Oahu BISH 7/1/1985
97 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN brigham, w.t. Oahu BISH 1890-08-08
98 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hana, along olopawa road to cinder pit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. oppenheimer, h. and bustamente, k. collector number: 22928 Maui BISH 6/21/2012
99 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. hiaku stairs, base of stairs near road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, s. w. miller & d. wier 5643 Oahu US 6/2/1985
100 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Nahiku rainy, shrubby aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12462 Maui BISH 8/30/1939
101 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ahupuaa of halepuaa in the puna district. the plant was collected on the side of the puna trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshida, l. collector number: 79.103 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979