Gossypium barbadense

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Gossypium

creole cotton, pulupulu, pulupulu haole, sea island cotton

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or annual subshrubs 1–2(–3) m tall, glabrous to sparsely stellate pubescent.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades usually somewhat wider than long, 5–15 cm wide, cut usually beyond the middle into 3, 5, or 7 lobes, the lobes lanceolate to ovate, acuminate. Margins lobed but otherwise entire. Midvein on lower surface with a basal gland. Petioles present. Stipules present 1-5 cm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, solitary or in sympodial inflorescences, pedicels 1-4 cm long, with 3 subterminal, fringed nectaries; involucral bracts 3, usually distinct and inserted above nectaries, ovate, usually 40-50(-65) mm long, lacerate, the teeth 5-17, acuminate from the base and separated by rounded sinuses, usually persistent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx usually truncate, 0.7–1 cm long, sepals connate, the lobes valvate in bud. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, petals usually yellow with a basal maroon spot, fading pinkish purple, 5–8 cm long, campanulate to funnelform, the corolla of 5 petals, obovate, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column included, 5-toothed at apex; antheriferous for most of its length or only in upper 1/2; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, 3-5-celled, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; ovules several per cell; style exceeding the staminal column, unbranched, clavate; stigma 3-5-lobed, decurrent.

Fruit: Loculicidally dehiscent; usually glabrous capsules; capsules 3–celled; narrowly ovoid; tapering to an acute tip; (2.5–)3–5 cm long; pitted black punctate. Seeds turbinate; several per cell; distinct or connate; lint copious; white; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 26; 52

Habitat: Naturalized in dry; disturbed areas.

Elevation Range: 10–200 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Synonyms (103)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Extirpated
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind

Pollinators

Notes

  • 10-200 m
  • Apparently intro-duced to Hawai'i in the late 1700s or early 1800s
  • Description digitized by Ellena Ruiz
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • aka Sea island cotton, pulupulu haole, kī’ailana, pulupulu

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 693 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:875 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:386 (DESCR); Gillett 1944 BISH (Mo†, 1966); Spence 355 BISH (L†, 1973)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Gossypium barbadense National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden in Lawai Valley UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria Vladimir J. Krajina V186933 Kauai HAPI 4/14/1962
2 Gossypium barbadense Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 402 Lanai BISH 1916-03-16
3 Gossypium barbadense West Maui, Honokohau to Mokolea Pt Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620414010 Maui BISH 1962-04-14
4 Gossypium barbadense Wailua UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria I. E. Lane V189881 Maui HAPI 2/11/1958
5 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, corner of Metcalf and University Ave Preserved_Specimen Bean, R.S. 137 Oahu BISH 1929-03-18
6 Gossypium barbadense Hahaione Valley Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1626 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
7 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
8 Gossypium barbadense 10' N of Makua Cemetery, end of Farrington Highway Preserved_Specimen Murdock, G.P. Oahu BISH 1952-08-10
9 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
10 Gossypium barbadense Koko Head, near radio station Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-12-27
11 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
12 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
13 Gossypium barbadense Near old Keomuku settlement, Hwy 44 under Kiawe thickets along road. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3 meters; leaves heart shaped, 3 to 5 lobed, with black dots, younger leaves tomentose. Corolla yellow becoming streaked with purple with age Spence, G. 355 Lanai BISH 1973-10-23
14 Gossypium barbadense Kekaha, Corner of Kekaha Road and Io Road Escaping out of a yard and naturalizing in lot and on roadside. Growing with Ricinus communis, Spathodea campanulata, Leucaena leucocephala, and Cassia sp. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs. Fls yellow, inner center maroon. All parts esp., frt w/dark spots. Lvs glaucous. Dark seeds embedded in long white hairs. Tangalin, N. 1388 Kauai BISH 2007-06-06
15 Gossypium barbadense Manoa Valley moist Preserved_Specimen small tree Sideris, J. 10910 Oahu BISH 1932-01-09
16 Gossypium barbadense Hahaione Valley by stream in pasture Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow, dry reddish St.John, H. 10126 Oahu BISH 1929-12-04
17 Gossypium barbadense Kahuku Golf Course Windswept coastal area. Soil sandy; slope 1%. Preserved_Specimen Shrubby plant; flowers yellow. Smith, M. 17 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
18 Gossypium barbadense Ualakaa, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen 226 Oahu BISH 1939-03-22
19 Gossypium barbadense Hauula Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 766 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
20 Gossypium barbadense Puhi Camp, just W of Kauai Community College yard of abandoned homesite Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 8'; older stem brown, becoming light green tinged red, with black glands. Leaves and flower parts with black glands. Epicalyx pale glossy green inside, outside pale dull green with purplish blotching. Calyx pale green with black glands. Fruit dark glossy green with purplish blotching. Flynn, T.W. 1638 Kauai BISH 1986-04-04
21 Gossypium barbadense Kahuku sandy Preserved_Specimen tree with lobed leaves Guinto, J. 3 Oahu BISH 1966-02-04
22 Gossypium barbadense Mokuleia open dry slope Preserved_Specimen shrub Hume, E.P. 311 Oahu BISH 1931-11-15
23 Gossypium barbadense Kahuku Along road; marshy area. Soil a sandy loam. Slope 1-2%. Preserved_Specimen Sanchez, S. 14 Oahu BISH 1986-03-06
24 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, Manoa Valley. Univ. -Klum Gym area in the Quarry - far E end in 2y growth of Leucaena Preserved_Specimen Yellow flowers - white bolls. Stone, B.C. 3236 Oahu BISH 1960-03-11
25 Gossypium barbadense Nonopapa thicket on dry basalt Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22767 Niihau BISH 1947-08-13
26 Gossypium barbadense Varsity Circle, below UH campus roadside Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 2 m, flowers clear yellow with yellow stamen Stone, B.C. 3634 Oahu BISH 1961-09-10
27 Gossypium barbadense Wailuku, 104 Nakoa Dr. side of driveway Preserved_Specimen tree > 6 ft. Tanabe, L. 32 Maui BISH 1960-10-28
28 Gossypium barbadense Rd between Kaena Point & Makua Road shrubbery at edge of road. Preserved_Specimen Shrub c. 3 m. Leaves green. Flower entirely lemon yellow. But inside at base with 5 maroon patches. Flower brown, with white cotton. van Royen, P. 10245 Oahu BISH 1968-06-03
29 Gossypium barbadense Rd between Kaena Point & Makua Road shrubbery at edge of road. Preserved_Specimen Shrub c. 3 m. Leaves green. Flower entirely lemon yellow. But inside at base with 5 maroon patches. Flower brown, Shrub c. 3m ht; lvs grn; flower entirely lemon yellow but on inside at base w. 5 maroon patches. Flower brown, with white cotton. van Royen, P. 10245 Oahu BISH 1968-06-03
30 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, Pensacola St., Federal Exp. Station driveway Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242287 Oahu BISH 1924-10-09
31 Gossypium barbadense Puuhonua o Honaunau Historical National Park, Visitor Center and main ruins exotic vegetation, highly modified by ancient Polynesians Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10284 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
32 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, Castle Hall full sun Preserved_Specimen shrub of 3 m; much branched at the base; major branches erect. The petals are mimosa, each with a blood red blotch at the inner basal portion. Flower odorless (afternoon) Lau, J. 1378 Oahu BISH 1985-09-02
33 Gossypium barbadense W Maui, Kapalua, Lahaina, near 2nd hole of the Village Golf Course In Leucaena thickets. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 10' high; flrs yellow. Nagata, K.M. 4447 Maui BISH 1997-04-30
34 Gossypium barbadense Kawela Bay Chinese garden Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9593 Oahu BISH 1933-04-10
35 Gossypium barbadense Salt Pond, 1/4 mi beyond end of parking lot Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2x3 m. Young stems, pedicels and petioles green blushed red-violet, with glands dark green to brown. Flower buds with long white hairs. Epicalyx outside light green, dull, with dark green glands; inside lighter and somewhat shiny. Calyx pale green with brown or greenish glands. Petals pale yellow, marked with yellow-brown glands, petal 4 cm long with red blotch at base inside. Pistil white, upper part with brown glands. Pollen bright yellow Hume, L. 212 Kauai BISH 1986-01-01
36 Gossypium barbadense Waimea, abandoned Kaunalewa Camp along the main cane road between Kekaha and Mana Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 6'. Leaves dark, dull green above, paler, dull below. Petioles yellowish to reddish tinged with black glands. Stems dark reddish with black glands. Bracts whitish green with black glands, margins reddish tinged Flynn, T.W. 3378 Kauai BISH 1989-05-10
37 Gossypium barbadense SW shore between Barber's Point and Nanakuli, near base of Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242211 Oahu BISH 1924-09-05
38 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, Pensacola St., Federal Exp. Station Preserved_Specimen Cotton tree 15 ft. x 5 in. Harris, J.A. 242138 Oahu BISH 1924-08-26
39 Gossypium barbadense Roadside ca. 5 mi E of Kaunakakai Preserved_Specimen Shrub to small tree with trunk up to 3 in diameter. Crown 15' across. Gillett, G.W. 1944 Molokai BISH 1966-08-24
40 Gossypium barbadense Haleiwa, near Liliuokalani Church Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 8'; heart shaped leaves, flowers yellow, fringed calyx; cotton fibers attached to mature seed Afualo, D. 14 Oahu BISH 1975-02-22
41 Gossypium barbadense National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden in Lawai Valley UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria Vladimir J. Krajina V186933 Kauai HAPI 4/14/1962
42 Gossypium barbadense Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 402 Lanai BISH 1916-03-16
43 Gossypium barbadense West Maui, Honokohau to Mokolea Pt Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620414010 Maui BISH 1962-04-14
44 Gossypium barbadense Wailua UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria I. E. Lane V189881 Maui HAPI 2/11/1958
45 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, corner of Metcalf and University Ave Preserved_Specimen Bean, R.S. 137 Oahu BISH 1929-03-18
46 Gossypium barbadense Hahaione Valley Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1626 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
47 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
48 Gossypium barbadense 10' N of Makua Cemetery, end of Farrington Highway Preserved_Specimen Murdock, G.P. Oahu BISH 1952-08-10
49 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
50 Gossypium barbadense Koko Head, near radio station Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-12-27
51 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
52 Gossypium barbadense Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
53 Gossypium barbadense Near old Keomuku settlement, Hwy 44 under Kiawe thickets along road. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3 meters; leaves heart shaped, 3 to 5 lobed, with black dots, younger leaves tomentose. Corolla yellow becoming streaked with purple with age Spence, G. 355 Lanai BISH 1973-10-23
54 Gossypium barbadense Kekaha, Corner of Kekaha Road and Io Road Escaping out of a yard and naturalizing in lot and on roadside. Growing with Ricinus communis, Spathodea campanulata, Leucaena leucocephala, and Cassia sp. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs. Fls yellow, inner center maroon. All parts esp., frt w/dark spots. Lvs glaucous. Dark seeds embedded in long white hairs. Tangalin, N. 1388 Kauai BISH 2007-06-06
55 Gossypium barbadense Manoa Valley moist Preserved_Specimen small tree Sideris, J. 10910 Oahu BISH 1932-01-09
56 Gossypium barbadense Hahaione Valley by stream in pasture Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow, dry reddish St.John, H. 10126 Oahu BISH 1929-12-04
57 Gossypium barbadense Kahuku Golf Course Windswept coastal area. Soil sandy; slope 1%. Preserved_Specimen Shrubby plant; flowers yellow. Smith, M. 17 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
58 Gossypium barbadense Ualakaa, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen 226 Oahu BISH 1939-03-22
59 Gossypium barbadense Hauula Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 766 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
60 Gossypium barbadense Puhi Camp, just W of Kauai Community College yard of abandoned homesite Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 8'; older stem brown, becoming light green tinged red, with black glands. Leaves and flower parts with black glands. Epicalyx pale glossy green inside, outside pale dull green with purplish blotching. Calyx pale green with black glands. Fruit dark glossy green with purplish blotching. Flynn, T.W. 1638 Kauai BISH 1986-04-04
61 Gossypium barbadense Kahuku sandy Preserved_Specimen tree with lobed leaves Guinto, J. 3 Oahu BISH 1966-02-04
62 Gossypium barbadense Mokuleia open dry slope Preserved_Specimen shrub Hume, E.P. 311 Oahu BISH 1931-11-15
63 Gossypium barbadense Kahuku Along road; marshy area. Soil a sandy loam. Slope 1-2%. Preserved_Specimen Sanchez, S. 14 Oahu BISH 1986-03-06
64 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, Manoa Valley. Univ. -Klum Gym area in the Quarry - far E end in 2y growth of Leucaena Preserved_Specimen Yellow flowers - white bolls. Stone, B.C. 3236 Oahu BISH 1960-03-11
65 Gossypium barbadense Nonopapa thicket on dry basalt Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22767 Niihau BISH 1947-08-13
66 Gossypium barbadense Varsity Circle, below UH campus roadside Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 2 m, flowers clear yellow with yellow stamen Stone, B.C. 3634 Oahu BISH 1961-09-10
67 Gossypium barbadense Wailuku, 104 Nakoa Dr. side of driveway Preserved_Specimen tree > 6 ft. Tanabe, L. 32 Maui BISH 1960-10-28
68 Gossypium barbadense Rd between Kaena Point & Makua Road shrubbery at edge of road. Preserved_Specimen Shrub c. 3 m. Leaves green. Flower entirely lemon yellow. But inside at base with 5 maroon patches. Flower brown, with white cotton. van Royen, P. 10245 Oahu BISH 1968-06-03
69 Gossypium barbadense Rd between Kaena Point & Makua Road shrubbery at edge of road. Preserved_Specimen Shrub c. 3 m. Leaves green. Flower entirely lemon yellow. But inside at base with 5 maroon patches. Flower brown, Shrub c. 3m ht; lvs grn; flower entirely lemon yellow but on inside at base w. 5 maroon patches. Flower brown, with white cotton. van Royen, P. 10245 Oahu BISH 1968-06-03
70 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, Pensacola St., Federal Exp. Station driveway Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242287 Oahu BISH 1924-10-09
71 Gossypium barbadense Puuhonua o Honaunau Historical National Park, Visitor Center and main ruins exotic vegetation, highly modified by ancient Polynesians Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10284 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
72 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, Castle Hall full sun Preserved_Specimen shrub of 3 m; much branched at the base; major branches erect. The petals are mimosa, each with a blood red blotch at the inner basal portion. Flower odorless (afternoon) Lau, J. 1378 Oahu BISH 1985-09-02
73 Gossypium barbadense W Maui, Kapalua, Lahaina, near 2nd hole of the Village Golf Course In Leucaena thickets. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 10' high; flrs yellow. Nagata, K.M. 4447 Maui BISH 1997-04-30
74 Gossypium barbadense Kawela Bay Chinese garden Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9593 Oahu BISH 1933-04-10
75 Gossypium barbadense Salt Pond, 1/4 mi beyond end of parking lot Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2x3 m. Young stems, pedicels and petioles green blushed red-violet, with glands dark green to brown. Flower buds with long white hairs. Epicalyx outside light green, dull, with dark green glands; inside lighter and somewhat shiny. Calyx pale green with brown or greenish glands. Petals pale yellow, marked with yellow-brown glands, petal 4 cm long with red blotch at base inside. Pistil white, upper part with brown glands. Pollen bright yellow Hume, L. 212 Kauai BISH 1986-01-01
76 Gossypium barbadense Waimea, abandoned Kaunalewa Camp along the main cane road between Kekaha and Mana Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 6'. Leaves dark, dull green above, paler, dull below. Petioles yellowish to reddish tinged with black glands. Stems dark reddish with black glands. Bracts whitish green with black glands, margins reddish tinged Flynn, T.W. 3378 Kauai BISH 1989-05-10
77 Gossypium barbadense SW shore between Barber's Point and Nanakuli, near base of Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242211 Oahu BISH 1924-09-05
78 Gossypium barbadense Honolulu, Pensacola St., Federal Exp. Station Preserved_Specimen Cotton tree 15 ft. x 5 in. Harris, J.A. 242138 Oahu BISH 1924-08-26
79 Gossypium barbadense Roadside ca. 5 mi E of Kaunakakai Preserved_Specimen Shrub to small tree with trunk up to 3 in diameter. Crown 15' across. Gillett, G.W. 1944 Molokai BISH 1966-08-24
80 Gossypium barbadense Haleiwa, near Liliuokalani Church Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 8'; heart shaped leaves, flowers yellow, fringed calyx; cotton fibers attached to mature seed Afualo, D. 14 Oahu BISH 1975-02-22