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Cyrtandra menziesii

Hook. & Arn. (1832)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs (1–)2–5 m tall.

Stems: Stems usually many-branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or in whorls of (3)4 per node, borne on upper 3–11 nodes. Those leaves at a node subequal, symmetrical or nearly so, elliptic to oblanceolate or occasionally broadly elliptic, (7–)10–27 cm long, (2.3–)3–7(–8.7) cm wide. Apex acuminate to caudate. Base attenuate. Upper surfaces sparsely appressed hirtellous; lower surfaces glabrous to sparsely puberulent on principal veins, otherwise glabrous, occasionally sparsely puberulent throughout; blades firm–chartaceous. Margins coarsely serrate or rarely serrulate. Petioles 1–7.7 cm long, puberulent to occasionally brown pilose, the hairs appressed to spreading, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (2–)5–10 in relatively congested umbelliform cymes arising in the leaf axils or at a few nodes below the leaves, sparsely to moderately puberulent throughout, rarely short–pilose, the dark brown hairs appressed to spreading, peduncles relatively stout, 5–20(–28) mm long, pedicels slender at base, enlarging above, 10–22 mm long, elongating to 20–30 mm long in fruit, bracts linear–elliptic to linear–oblanceolate, distinct or occasionally connate, 7–10 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, green, 7–15 mm long, cleft nearly to base, the lobes linear, glabrate to moderately puberulent or short–pilose, glabrous within, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube subcylindrical, 9–12 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, the tube straight or curved, pilose, more densely so in bud, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly ovate to suborbicular, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4.5 mm wide, lower lobes suborbicular, ca. 4.5–4.8 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style 1–3 mm long, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; subglobose; 1.3–1.6 cm long; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.2–0.3 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 530–1,250 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Beechey Voy.: 91 (1832)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:769 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 m. tall with 12 erect branches Warshauer, F.R. 2014 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-24
2 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1636 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-02
3 Cyrtandra menziesii Kalanilehua. 29 miles Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1981 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-24
4 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6913 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-03
5 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1928-09-01
6 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 666 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-30
7 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1636 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-02
8 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 291 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-30
9 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1920-03-01
10 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Duvall, F. Hawaii BISH 1987-03-10
11 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
12 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1636 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-02
13 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. Hawaii BISH 1980-03-29
14 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. 851 BISH 1841-01-01
15 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hawaii BISH 1970-01-12
16 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest w/ Cyanea tritomantha, Lobelia hypoleuca, Labordia hirtella, Asplenium excisum. Preserved_Specimen 2 m tall. few branched; stems black-green; leaves dark green above, paler below; peduncle & calyx lt green; totally cauliflorous. Wood, K.R. 4332 Hawaii BISH 1995-07-05
17 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa- Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis mesic forest. Psychotria, Myrsine lessertiana, Kadua affinis, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Cibotium, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Sadleria Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2-3 meter ht with flower and fruit. Flower white Perlman, S. 20603 Hawaii BISH 2007-10-10
18 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed lowland wet forest. Native spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Cibotium spp., Freycinetia arborea. Naturalized spp.: Psidium cattleianum, Spathodea campanulata (incipient). Preserved_Specimen Price, J.P. 58 Hawaii BISH 2001-07-21
19 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist Cibotium forest Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 5 cm shrub; leaves chartaceus, above green, deeply impressed nerved, below pale green St.John, H. 22536 Hawaii BISH 1947-01-04
20 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in wet area with ferns, ivy, Freycinetia and Cheirodendron. Closed Acacia- Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. Preserved_Specimen Herb 2' tall. Flowers and fruit white. Davis, J. 250 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-27
21 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Locally common in dense, rich woods Preserved_Specimen Up to 2 m tall O. Degener 31350 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-27
22 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In a transitional ohia - koa forest with Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia coerulea, Stenogyne macrantha, Psychotria, Gouldia, Alyxia, Ilex anomala, Pittosporum hosmeri, Nothocestrum, Vaccinium calycinum. Preserved_Specimen An upright, single-fleshy stemmed plant about 4' tall. Clarke, G. 252 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-28
23 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m. bush, fl. white, tube cylindric, lobes rotale, berry globose, white, 6-10 mm. long. St.John, H. 18531 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-26
24 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Substrate `a`a. Acacia koa- Metrosideros closed forest, mixed native understory. Preserved_Specimen Herb 4 ft. tall, base 2 diam., spread 2 1/2 ft. Flowers and fruit white. Davis, J. 272 Hawaii BISH 1980-04-02
25 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in Metrosideros woods Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m.shrub St.John, H. 22468 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-30
26 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with ohia, koa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia coerulea, Stenogyne macrantha, Psychotria, Gouldia, Alyxia, Ilex anomala, Pittosporum hosmeri, Nothocestrum, Vaccinium calycinum Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 252 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-28
27 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, sparsely branched, flower white St.John, H. 18510 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-25
28 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen shrub; 2.5cm Bd; 2+m tall; 12 branches. Linear calyx lobes. Only one observed. Warshauer, F.R. 1997 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-18
29 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details jeep trail Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6486 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-02
30 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.6m tall; 7 branches. Shaded; ground-rooted. Light-greenish brown bark. Occasional; growing on 'a'a substrate Jacobi, J.D. 1137 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-03
31 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland mesic forest ca 25 - 30 m tall. W/ understory of Nestegis, Pisonia, Charpentiera, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Alyxia oliviformis, Pipturus albidus, Antidesma platyphyllum & A. pulvinatum, Wikstroemia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 50 cm tall, occasional. Wood, K.R. 13216 Hawaii BISH 2008-08-08
32 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic forest with Antidesma, Psychotria, Myrsine, Melicope, Stenogyne, Cyrtandra, Wikstroemia Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 10679 Hawaii BISH 1989-04-20
33 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist Cibotium forest Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 5 cm shrub; leaves chartaceus, above green, deeply impressed nerved, below pale green St.John, H. 22536 Hawaii BISH 1947-01-04
34 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.6m tall; 7 branches. Shaded; ground-rooted. Light-greenish brown bark. Occasional; growing on 'a'a substrate Jacobi, J.D. 1137 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-03
35 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist Cibotium forest Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 5 cm shrub; leaves chartaceus, above green, deeply impressed nerved, below pale green St.John, H. 22536 Hawaii BISH 1947-01-04
36 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details jeep trail Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6486 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-02
37 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen shrub; 2.5cm Bd; 2+m tall; 12 branches. Linear calyx lobes. Only one observed. Warshauer, F.R. 1997 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-18
38 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Closed Acacia- Metrosideros forest with mixed native understory. Growing on mossy `a`a substrate with ferns, Gouldia, Coprosma, Rubus in semi-shade. Preserved_Specimen Herb 2 ft. tall, lots of flowers and fruits, white. Davis, J. 278 Hawaii BISH 1980-04-02
39 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details jeep road at edge of wet Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen to 8' shrub, sparingly branched, white flowers and fruit Herbst, D.R. 5406 Hawaii BISH 1975-07-15
40 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in Metrosideros woods Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m.shrub St.John, H. 22468 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-30
41 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Cibotium, Freycinetia Preserved_Specimen 1.5-2 m shrub, branched; corolla white Wagner, W.L. 5946 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-11
42 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details middle Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub, lvs. pale beneath, fl. white. St.John, H. 18558 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-27
43 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m bush; flower white, tube cylindric, lobes rotate; berry globose, white, 6-10 mm long St.John, H. 18531 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-26
44 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic ohia forest with other native trees and native shrub-exotic grass and shrub u/s; in lava tube skylight; older ash substrate. Preserved_Specimen 80 cm; few branches Warshauer, F.R. 1987 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-16
45 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 2+m tall; ca 50 branches. Growing on pahoehoe substrate. Warshauer, F.R. 1982 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-10
46 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On `a`a substrate in open to closed Metrosideros- Acacia koa forest with an understory of mixed native trees. Preserved_Specimen Occaional small shrub. Flowers white, fruit almost colorless. Cuddihy, L.W. 285 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-31
47 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details on aa; with ferns, Peperomia, Cardamine, Acacia, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen tall; white fruit and flowers Corn, C. 161 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-28
48 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in understory of Metrosideros-Cibotium forest Preserved_Specimen terrestrial shrubs 3-4 ft. height in shallow channels of undecomposed pahoehoe, leaves moist-textured, slightly fleshy, dark dull green above with impressed veines, glaucous below with veins protruding, fruits spherical, translucent white. Takeuchi, W.N. 7539 Hawaii BISH 1992-07-23
49 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic ohia forest with other native trees and native shrub-exotic grass and shrub u/s; in lava tube skylight; older ash substrate. Preserved_Specimen 80 cm; few branches Warshauer, F.R. 1987 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-16
50 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in dense, rich woods Preserved_Specimen Locally comon, uup to 2 meters tall Degener, O. 31350 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-27
51 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details jeep road at edge of wet Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen to 8' shrub, sparingly branched, white flowers and fruit Herbst, D.R. 5406 Hawaii BISH 1975-07-15
52 Cyrtandra menziesii Tr 69(34), SW slopes Mauna Loa, 0.5 km S Alika 1919 flow, 2-3 km N Hoopuloa flow Preserved_Specimen Shrub w/ few branches, 1 cm dia, 120 cm tall Warshauer, F.R. 2013 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-24
53 Cyrtandra menziesii Tr. 61, Sta. 88, USFWS Bird Survey Preserved_Specimen Small shrub with 2 branches, 50 cm. Warshauer, F.R. 1974 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-09
54 Cyrtandra menziesii Tr. 69, Sta. 34, USFWS Bird Survey (SW slopes Mauna Loa, 0.5 km S Alika 1919 flow, 2-3 km N Hoopuloa flow) Preserved_Specimen 120 cm tall shrub with few branches and 1 cm diam. stem. Warshauer, F.R. 2013 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-24
55 Cyrtandra menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 m. tall with 12 erect branches Warshauer, F.R. 2014 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-24
56 Cyrtandra menziesii Tr. 69, Sta. 29, USFWS Bird Survey Preserved_Specimen Slightly branched shrub, 2 m tall. Warshauer, F.R. 2012 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-24
57 Cyrtandra menziesii Tr. 63, Sta. 77, USFWS Bird Survey Preserved_Specimen Shrub 80 m tall, with 3 branches. Warshauer, F.R. 1957 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-08
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