Viola helenae

C.N.Forbes & Lydgate (1909)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small, erect, unbranched subshrubs 30–80 cm tall.

Stems: Stems glabrous.

Roots: From a taproot, sometimes rooting from lower part of stem.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered toward upper part of stem. Blades lanceolate to elliptic–lanceolate, 7.5–13 cm long, 1.9–2.6 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base attenuate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins remotely callose–serrulate. Lateral veins nearly straight. Petioles 1–1.9 cm long. Stipules thin, linear–lanceolate, 11–13 mm long, 1.3–2.5 mm wide, glabrous, margins remotely glandular–toothed, the teeth linear, ca. 0.4–0.5 mm long, apex acuminate, sometimes lobed, if so, lobes linear–lanceolate, 4–4.5 mm long (1 observation).

Flowers: Flowers 1–2 in the upper leaf axils, peduncles ca. 8–12 mm long, pedicels 24–45 mm long, bracteoles well above middle of peduncle. Flowers bisexual (perfect); apparently all chasmogamous. Calyx of 5 sepals, subequal, linear–lanceolate, subequal, ca. 4.8–5.1 mm long, imbricate, upper and lower ones perhaps slightly longer, base slightly prolonged, prolonged into appendages below the point of insertion, persistent. Corolla zygomorphic, consisting of 5 distinct petals, these unequal, lateral ones smaller than upper pair, petals pale lavender or white, upper ones ca. 8–9 mm long, lower one somewhat longer, saccate at base, lateral and lower petals ciliate along claw. Stamens not seen, staminal filaments coherent around ovary; anther connective of lower Stamens prolonged into an appendage, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal; ovules numerous per placenta, anatropous; style 1.

Fruit: Capsules with loculicidal dehiscence; 9–11 mm long; elastically dehiscent by rigid keels and thin valve walls. Seeds numerous; pale olive brown; obovoid–ellipsoid; ca. 1.5 mm long; ca. 1–1.1 mm in diameter; seed coat somewhat leathery; dull; apex rounded; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range: ca. 610 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 4: 218 (1909)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1333 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2801 Kauai PTBG 4/7/1988
2 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 214 Oahu US
3 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 214 Maui US 8/9/2020
4 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence Kauai US 1/3/1991
5 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Wood, K. 12381 Kauai US 11/7/1991
6 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kauai US 8/23/1971
7 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Shaded, wet, but well drained. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2081 Kauai PTBG 8/23/1971
8 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lanai US 10/27/1973
9 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 214 k Kauai BISH 8/8/1909
10 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lydgate, j.m. collector number: 10 Kauai BISH 5/1/1908
11 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lydgate, J.M. 10 Kauai BISH 5/1/1908
12 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Along bank of stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 214 k Kauai BISH 8/8/1909
13 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Along bank of stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 214 K Kauai BISH 8/1/1909
14 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 214 K Kauai BISH 8/1/1909
15 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. N. Forbes 214 F 8/1/1909
16 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron spp. lowland wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12381 Kauai PTBG 11/7/1991
17 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 4596 Kauai PTBG 4/13/1991
18 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13680 Kauai PTBG 10/7/1992
19 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros - Dicranopteris wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 17887 Kauai PTBG 1/15/2002
20 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12230 Kauai PTBG 9/1/2006
21 Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 214 F 8/8/1909