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Conocarpus erectus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Combretaceae Genus: Conocarpus

button mangrove, buttonwood, sea mulberry

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 3–8 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, leaves chartaceous or somewhat coriaceous and somewhat fleshy, 2.5–9 cm long, 1–3 cm wide. Base with raised basal glands. Surfaces ± densely silky pubescent, especially on midrib or younger leaves. Margins entire. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers small, densely clustered in globose heads arranged in terminal panicles or racemes, bracts ovate, hypanthium campanulate, the lower part laterally flattened, Peduncles 2–10(–15) mm long, bracts minute, tomentose; hypanthium tomentose. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx lobes greenish white, triangular, ca. 1 mm long. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens usually 10. Ovary inferior, clearly flattened; style straight to slightly curved, free from hypanthium, with well-developed pistillode; ovules 2.

Fruit: Fruit densely clustered into brownish subglobose heads 1–1.5 cm long; each one 3–3.5 mm long; recurved at apex and often with the persistent calyx; fruit scale-like; coriaceous; obcordate; laterally compressed and 2–winged. Seeds 1 per fruit; endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 24

Habitat: Naturalized in coastal areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 147 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:547 (O, L, M); Lorence & Flynn 1997:10 (K); Staples & Herbst 2005:239 (KEY), 242 (DESCR); Parker & Parsons 2012a:58 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu wet steep slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35669 CM 8/8/1982
2 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden exotic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669z CM
3 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669j GH
4 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu Koolau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35791a KSP 11/8/1981
5 Conocarpus erectus L. [locality not indicated] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener 35791a MICH 12/8/1981
6 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach garden, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35669 MPM 8/8/1982
7 Conocarpus erectus L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 35791b MPM
8 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35791 NCSC 11/8/1982
9 Conocarpus erectus L. W. Maui, Napili, near sea level. Behind Fleming Beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80020 Maui PTBG 8/13/2000
10 Conocarpus erectus L. hulopo'e beach, lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN basinger, mark UNCC 1/4/1994
11 Conocarpus erectus L. Poipu. Cultivated plants from the grounds of the Hyatt Hotel. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6794 Kauai PTBG 3/20/2001
12 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuiula Boat Harbor Park. Probably cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1898 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1986
13 Conocarpus erectus L. Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. Legume area. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3300 Kauai PTBG 3/28/1989
14 Conocarpus erectus L. Honolulu, Kewalo, Ala Moana Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 307 Oahu PTBG 2/2/1976
15 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, Degener home. Beach garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 35669 Oahu PTBG 8/1/1982
16 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070605A003. Semi-sandy zone. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1365 Kauai PTBG 6/5/2007
17 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukui`ula small boat harbor in Kukui`ula Bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, indigenous and naturalized species, elevation just above sea level. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7767 Kauai PTBG 4/18/1996
18 Conocarpus erectus L. kapaa, nalu road, wailua river state park. collected as part of kisc 2007 early detection roadside survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN n. tangalin 1365 Hawaii US 6/5/2007
19 Conocarpus erectus L. Keehi Lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ron Walker s.n. Mokuoeo PTBG 4/21/1978
20 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach, Waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24076 Oahu US 1/9/1956
21 Conocarpus erectus L. Degener Mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. s.n. Oahu US 4/1/1985
22 Conocarpus erectus L. kaneohe, heeia state park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. crago, c. imada & c. chun 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
23 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa dist: kukui'ula small boat harbor in kukui'ula bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 7767 Kauai US 4/18/1996
24 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach, waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 24076 Oahu US 1/9/1956
25 Conocarpus erectus L. Mitigation Islands, Ke'ehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6046 Oahu US 4/30/1978
26 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoea island, ke'ehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6052 Oahu US 4/30/1978
27 Conocarpus erectus L. along Highway 44, near the beach, northwest Lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 352 Lanai US 10/23/1973
28 Conocarpus erectus L. Molsuleia Beach Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. d35669 Oahu US 8/1/1985
29 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ning, W. S.; Hartt, C. s.n. Oahu US 8/1/1938
30 Conocarpus erectus L. heeia state park, kaneohe, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c.; chun, c. collector number: 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
31 Conocarpus erectus L. Kaneohe, Heeia State Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L. M.; Imada, C. T.; Chun, C. 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
32 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa Dist: Kukui'ula small boat harbor in Kukui'ula Bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H. 7767 Kauai US 4/18/1996
33 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN N. Tangalin 1365 Kauai US 6/5/2007
34 Conocarpus erectus L. Coconut Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6155 Oahu BISH 7/29/1978
35 Conocarpus erectus L. Burm Island, Ke'ehi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6069 Oahu US 4/30/1978
36 Conocarpus erectus L. burm island, ke'ehi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6069 Oahu US 4/30/1978
37 Conocarpus erectus L. mitigation islands, ke'ehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6046 Oahu US 4/30/1978
38 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. ning & c. hartt s.n. Oahu US 8/1/1938
39 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoea Island, Ke'ehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6052 Oahu US 4/30/1978
40 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tangalin, N. 1365 Kauai US 6/5/2007
41 Conocarpus erectus L. molsuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener d35669 Oahu US
42 Conocarpus erectus L. along highway 44, near the beach, northwest lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. spence 352 Lanai US 10/23/1973
43 Conocarpus erectus L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 35791 Kauai US
44 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia beach garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, i. degener 35669d USF 8/8/1985
45 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, i. degener 36592a USF 7/8/1984
46 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35669 WIS 6/8/1984
47 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669d YPM
48 Conocarpus erectus L. Pukoo Lagoon. Growing at high water mark. Bushes and seedlings along high water mark. Naturalized. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dibben-Young, A. Starr-190903-01 Molokai BISH 9/3/2019
49 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoeo island in keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN walker, r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/21/1978
50 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35791 Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
51 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoeo Island in Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walker, R. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/21/1978
52 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener Oahu US
53 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuiula Boat Harbor Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1898 Kauai BISH 9/8/1986
54 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia, his beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 25669 Oahu BISH 8/8/1982
55 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District, Poipu. From the grounds of the Hyatt Hotel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 6794 Kauai BISH 3/20/2001
56 Conocarpus erectus L. Hickam Field, residence of H.P.Spenser PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/15/1938
57 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35669a Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
58 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35791b Oahu BISH 1/1/1982
59 Conocarpus erectus L. Fleming Beach, Kapalua, West PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1019 Maui BISH 5/28/1972
60 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 33446 Oahu BISH 6/1/1974
61 Conocarpus erectus L. Foster Botanic Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1505 Oahu BISH 8/8/1985
62 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 8/1/1938
63 Conocarpus erectus L. mitigation islands, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6046 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
64 Conocarpus erectus L. four-mile beach, keaukaha, south hilo distr Naturalized. Located adjacent to the shoreline. Growing next to Casuarina trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN friday, n. collector number: bied 92 Hawaii BISH 7/5/2009
65 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district, poipu. from the grounds of the hyatt hotel Rough lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 6794 Hawaii BISH 3/20/2001
66 Conocarpus erectus L. foster botanic garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1505 Oahu BISH 8/8/1985
67 Conocarpus erectus L. planted at mokuleia beach, waialua, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 30092 Molokai BISH 7/15/1965
68 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/8/1938
69 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35669a Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
70 Conocarpus erectus L. Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Midkiff, F. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/5/1959
71 Conocarpus erectus L. motor island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN asquith, a. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/26/1994
72 Conocarpus erectus L. hickam field, residence of h.p.spenser PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. Oahu BISH 5/15/1938
73 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
74 Conocarpus erectus L. nw lanai, along hwy. 44 Near beach, in Kaiwi thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 352 Lanai BISH 10/23/1973
75 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35791b Oahu BISH 1/8/1982
76 Conocarpus erectus L. awehi and keomuku roads, along coastal road between just inland of Rhizophora mangle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. robichaux, r. collector number: 7077 Lanai BISH 7/19/1986
77 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District: Kukuiula small boat harbor in the Kukuiula Bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, idigenous and naturalized species, elevation just about sea level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 7767 Kauai BISH 4/18/1996
78 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District. Kalaheo. Kai Ikena subdivision, yard of house on Panui Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN N. Tangalin 1365 Kauai HAPI 6/5/2007
79 Conocarpus erectus L. popoia islet, oahu. s side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 050223-10 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
80 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35791 Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
81 Conocarpus erectus L. Motor Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Asquith, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/26/1994
82 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach garden, Oahu In Degener's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35669 Oahu BISH 8/1/1982
83 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
84 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoea island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6052 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
85 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
86 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, his beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 25669 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1982
87 Conocarpus erectus L. Four-mile beach, Keaukaha, South Hilo Distr Naturalized. Located adjacent to the shoreline. Growing next to Casuarina trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Friday, N. BIED 092 Hawaii BISH 7/5/2009
88 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa district. Lawai Valley. Cultivated the National Tropical Botanical Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3300 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
89 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia, oahu, t.h Planted for ornament near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 11894 Oahu BISH 6/12/1935
90 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoea Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6052 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
91 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach, waialua, oahu Planted in collector's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 24076 Oahu BISH 1/9/1956
92 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuiula boat harbor park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1898 Oahu BISH 9/8/1986
93 Conocarpus erectus L. coconut island Along the coast. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. collector number: 62 Hawaii BISH 11/11/1988
94 Conocarpus erectus L. Heeia State Park, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing on sandy bank along Heeia Stream near mouth to ocean, flooded tidally with brackish to salt water. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-060 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
95 Conocarpus erectus L. Heeia State Park, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing on sandy bank along Heeia Stream near mouth to ocean, flooded tidally with brackish to salt water. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C.; Chun, C. Collector Number: 2005-060 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
96 Conocarpus erectus L. Burm Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6069 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
97 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 33446 Oahu BISH 6/1/1974
98 Conocarpus erectus L. Kaiwi Shoreline Trail, SE/Makai side of trail On the edge of grassland (dominated by grasses, Leucaena leucocephala, with occasional overhead cover of Prosopis sp.) and a thin band of coastal mangrove forest (primarily dense stands of Rhizophora and occasional thick mats of Batis maritima). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walvoord, N. 2020-002 Oahu BISH 10/17/2020
99 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district: kukuiula small boat harbor in the kukuiula bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, idigenous and naturalized species, elevation just about sea level Planchonella PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 7767 Oahu BISH 4/18/1996
100 Conocarpus erectus L. burm island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6069 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
101 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, Oahu Planted in collector's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24076 Oahu BISH 1/9/1956
102 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, Oahu, T.H Planted for ornament near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 11894 Oahu BISH 6/12/1935
103 Conocarpus erectus L. wailuku near the sea as windbreak PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yamayoshi, g. Maui BISH 2/2/1935
104 Conocarpus erectus L. Awehi and Keomuku Roads, along coastal road between just inland of Rhizophora mangle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7077 Lanai BISH 7/19/1986
105 Conocarpus erectus L. tern islet mesic koa - ohia forest with other native trees and a native fern and shrub understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1216 Hawaii BISH 8/31/1968
106 Conocarpus erectus L. fleming beach, kapalua, west PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 1019 Maui BISH 5/28/1972
107 Conocarpus erectus L. coconut island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 6155 Oahu BISH 7/29/1978
108 Conocarpus erectus L. NW Lanai, along Hwy. 44 Near beach, in Kaiwi thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 352 Lanai BISH 10/23/1973
109 Conocarpus erectus L. Mitigation Islands, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6046 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
110 Conocarpus erectus L. Tern Islet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1216 French Frigate Shoals BISH 8/31/1968
111 Conocarpus erectus L. Popoia Islet, Oahu. S side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 050223-10 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
112 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district. lawai valley. cultivated the national tropical botanical garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3300 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
113 Conocarpus erectus L. Planted at Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 30092 Oahu BISH 7/15/1965
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