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Conocarpus erectus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Combretaceae Genus: Conocarpus

button mangrove, buttonwood, sea mulberry

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 3–8 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, leaves chartaceous or somewhat coriaceous and somewhat fleshy, 2.5–9 cm long, 1–3 cm wide. Base with raised basal glands. Surfaces ± densely silky pubescent, especially on midrib or younger leaves. Margins entire. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers small, densely clustered in globose heads arranged in terminal panicles or racemes, bracts ovate, hypanthium campanulate, the lower part laterally flattened, Peduncles 2–10(–15) mm long, bracts minute, tomentose; hypanthium tomentose. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx lobes greenish white, triangular, ca. 1 mm long. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens usually 10. Ovary inferior, clearly flattened; style straight to slightly curved, free from hypanthium, with well-developed pistillode; ovules 2.

Fruit: Fruit densely clustered into brownish subglobose heads 1–1.5 cm long; each one 3–3.5 mm long; recurved at apex and often with the persistent calyx; fruit scale-like; coriaceous; obcordate; laterally compressed and 2–winged. Seeds 1 per fruit; endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 24

Habitat: Naturalized in coastal areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 147 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:547 (O, L, M); Lorence & Flynn 1997:10 (K); Staples & Herbst 2005:239 (KEY), 242 (DESCR); Parker & Parsons 2012a:58 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach, waialua, oahu Planted in collector's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 24076 Oahu BISH 1/9/1956
2 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoea island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6052 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
3 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia, oahu, t.h Planted for ornament near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 11894 Oahu BISH 6/12/1935
4 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoea Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6052 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
5 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, his beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 25669 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1982
6 Conocarpus erectus L. Four-mile beach, Keaukaha, South Hilo Distr Naturalized. Located adjacent to the shoreline. Growing next to Casuarina trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Friday, N. BIED 092 Hawaii BISH 7/5/2009
7 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa district. Lawai Valley. Cultivated the National Tropical Botanical Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3300 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
8 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuiula boat harbor park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1898 Oahu BISH 9/8/1986
9 Conocarpus erectus L. Burm Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6069 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
10 Conocarpus erectus L. coconut island Along the coast. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. collector number: 62 Hawaii BISH 11/11/1988
11 Conocarpus erectus L. Heeia State Park, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing on sandy bank along Heeia Stream near mouth to ocean, flooded tidally with brackish to salt water. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C.; Chun, C. Collector Number: 2005-060 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
12 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 33446 Oahu BISH 6/1/1974
13 Conocarpus erectus L. Kaiwi Shoreline Trail, SE/Makai side of trail On the edge of grassland (dominated by grasses, Leucaena leucocephala, with occasional overhead cover of Prosopis sp.) and a thin band of coastal mangrove forest (primarily dense stands of Rhizophora and occasional thick mats of Batis maritima). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walvoord, N. 2020-002 Oahu BISH 10/17/2020
14 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, Oahu Planted in collector's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24076 Oahu BISH 1/9/1956
15 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district: kukuiula small boat harbor in the kukuiula bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, idigenous and naturalized species, elevation just about sea level Planchonella PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 7767 Oahu BISH 4/18/1996
16 Conocarpus erectus L. burm island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6069 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
17 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, Oahu, T.H Planted for ornament near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 11894 Oahu BISH 6/12/1935
18 Conocarpus erectus L. Awehi and Keomuku Roads, along coastal road between just inland of Rhizophora mangle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7077 Lanai BISH 7/19/1986
19 Conocarpus erectus L. wailuku near the sea as windbreak PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yamayoshi, g. Maui BISH 2/2/1935
20 Conocarpus erectus L. fleming beach, kapalua, west PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 1019 Maui BISH 5/28/1972
21 Conocarpus erectus L. tern islet mesic koa - ohia forest with other native trees and a native fern and shrub understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1216 Hawaii BISH 8/31/1968
22 Conocarpus erectus L. W. Maui, Napili, near sea level. Behind Fleming Beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80020 Maui PTBG 8/13/2000
23 Conocarpus erectus L. coconut island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 6155 Oahu BISH 7/29/1978
24 Conocarpus erectus L. Heeia State Park, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing on sandy bank along Heeia Stream near mouth to ocean, flooded tidally with brackish to salt water. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-060 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
25 Conocarpus erectus L. Tern Islet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1216 French Frigate Shoals BISH 8/31/1968
26 Conocarpus erectus L. Planted at Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 30092 Oahu BISH 7/15/1965
27 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu wet steep slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35669 CM 8/8/1982
28 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669j GH
29 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach garden, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35669 MPM 8/8/1982
30 Conocarpus erectus L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 35791b MPM
31 Conocarpus erectus L. Poipu. Cultivated plants from the grounds of the Hyatt Hotel. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6794 Kauai PTBG 3/20/2001
32 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuiula Boat Harbor Park. Probably cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1898 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1986
33 Conocarpus erectus L. Honolulu, Kewalo, Ala Moana Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 307 Oahu PTBG 2/2/1976
34 Conocarpus erectus L. NW Lanai, along Hwy. 44 Near beach, in Kaiwi thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 352 Lanai BISH 10/23/1973
35 Conocarpus erectus L. Mitigation Islands, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6046 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
36 Conocarpus erectus L. Popoia Islet, Oahu. S side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 050223-10 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
37 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district. lawai valley. cultivated the national tropical botanical garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3300 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
38 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden exotic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669z CM
39 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu Koolau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35791a KSP 11/8/1981
40 Conocarpus erectus L. [locality not indicated] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener 35791a MICH 12/8/1981
41 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35791 NCSC 11/8/1982
42 Conocarpus erectus L. hulopo'e beach, lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN basinger, mark UNCC 1/4/1994
43 Conocarpus erectus L. Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. Legume area. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3300 Kauai PTBG 3/28/1989
44 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, Degener home. Beach garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 35669 Oahu PTBG 8/1/1982
45 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070605A003. Semi-sandy zone. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1365 Kauai PTBG 6/5/2007
46 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukui`ula small boat harbor in Kukui`ula Bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, indigenous and naturalized species, elevation just above sea level. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7767 Kauai PTBG 4/18/1996
47 Conocarpus erectus L. Keehi Lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ron Walker s.n. Mokuoeo PTBG 4/21/1978
48 Conocarpus erectus L. Degener Mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. s.n. Oahu US 4/1/1985
49 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach, Waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24076 Oahu US 1/9/1956
50 Conocarpus erectus L. kaneohe, heeia state park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. crago, c. imada & c. chun 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
51 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa dist: kukui'ula small boat harbor in kukui'ula bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 7767 Kauai US 4/18/1996
52 Conocarpus erectus L. kapaa, nalu road, wailua river state park. collected as part of kisc 2007 early detection roadside survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN n. tangalin 1365 Hawaii US 6/5/2007
53 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoea island, ke'ehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6052 Oahu US 4/30/1978
54 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach, waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 24076 Oahu US 1/9/1956
55 Conocarpus erectus L. Mitigation Islands, Ke'ehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6046 Oahu US 4/30/1978
56 Conocarpus erectus L. Coconut Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6155 Oahu BISH 7/29/1978
57 Conocarpus erectus L. along Highway 44, near the beach, northwest Lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 352 Lanai US 10/23/1973
58 Conocarpus erectus L. Molsuleia Beach Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. d35669 Oahu US 8/1/1985
59 Conocarpus erectus L. heeia state park, kaneohe, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c.; chun, c. collector number: 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
60 Conocarpus erectus L. Kaneohe, Heeia State Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L. M.; Imada, C. T.; Chun, C. 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
61 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa Dist: Kukui'ula small boat harbor in Kukui'ula Bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H. 7767 Kauai US 4/18/1996
62 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN N. Tangalin 1365 Kauai US 6/5/2007
63 Conocarpus erectus L. mitigation islands, ke'ehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6046 Oahu US 4/30/1978
64 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. ning & c. hartt s.n. Oahu US 8/1/1938
65 Conocarpus erectus L. along highway 44, near the beach, northwest lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. spence 352 Lanai US 10/23/1973
66 Conocarpus erectus L. Pukoo Lagoon. Growing at high water mark. Bushes and seedlings along high water mark. Naturalized. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dibben-Young, A. Starr-190903-01 Molokai BISH 9/3/2019
67 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ning, W. S.; Hartt, C. s.n. Oahu US 8/1/1938
68 Conocarpus erectus L. Burm Island, Ke'ehi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6069 Oahu US 4/30/1978
69 Conocarpus erectus L. burm island, ke'ehi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6069 Oahu US 4/30/1978
70 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoea Island, Ke'ehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6052 Oahu US 4/30/1978
71 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tangalin, N. 1365 Kauai US 6/5/2007
72 Conocarpus erectus L. molsuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener d35669 Oahu US
73 Conocarpus erectus L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 35791 Kauai US
74 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia beach garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, i. degener 35669d USF 8/8/1985
75 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, i. degener 36592a USF 7/8/1984
76 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35669 WIS 6/8/1984
77 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669d YPM
78 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoeo island in keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN walker, r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/21/1978
79 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35791 Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
80 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoeo Island in Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walker, R. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/21/1978
81 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuiula Boat Harbor Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1898 Kauai BISH 9/8/1986
82 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener Oahu US
83 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia, his beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 25669 Oahu BISH 8/8/1982
84 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District, Poipu. From the grounds of the Hyatt Hotel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 6794 Kauai BISH 3/20/2001
85 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/8/1938
86 Conocarpus erectus L. Hickam Field, residence of H.P.Spenser PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/15/1938
87 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35791b Oahu BISH 1/1/1982
88 Conocarpus erectus L. Fleming Beach, Kapalua, West PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1019 Maui BISH 5/28/1972
89 Conocarpus erectus L. Foster Botanic Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1505 Oahu BISH 8/8/1985
90 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 8/1/1938
91 Conocarpus erectus L. four-mile beach, keaukaha, south hilo distr Naturalized. Located adjacent to the shoreline. Growing next to Casuarina trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN friday, n. collector number: bied 92 Hawaii BISH 7/5/2009
92 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district, poipu. from the grounds of the hyatt hotel Rough lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 6794 Hawaii BISH 3/20/2001
93 Conocarpus erectus L. foster botanic garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1505 Oahu BISH 8/8/1985
94 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35669a Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
95 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 33446 Oahu BISH 6/1/1974
96 Conocarpus erectus L. mitigation islands, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6046 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
97 Conocarpus erectus L. Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Midkiff, F. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/5/1959
98 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35669a Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
99 Conocarpus erectus L. planted at mokuleia beach, waialua, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 30092 Molokai BISH 7/15/1965
100 Conocarpus erectus L. nw lanai, along hwy. 44 Near beach, in Kaiwi thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 352 Lanai BISH 10/23/1973
101 Conocarpus erectus L. motor island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN asquith, a. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/26/1994
102 Conocarpus erectus L. hickam field, residence of h.p.spenser PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. Oahu BISH 5/15/1938
103 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
104 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35791b Oahu BISH 1/8/1982
105 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District: Kukuiula small boat harbor in the Kukuiula Bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, idigenous and naturalized species, elevation just about sea level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 7767 Kauai BISH 4/18/1996
106 Conocarpus erectus L. Motor Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Asquith, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/26/1994
107 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach garden, Oahu In Degener's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35669 Oahu BISH 8/1/1982
108 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
109 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District. Kalaheo. Kai Ikena subdivision, yard of house on Panui Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN N. Tangalin 1365 Kauai HAPI 6/5/2007
110 Conocarpus erectus L. awehi and keomuku roads, along coastal road between just inland of Rhizophora mangle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. robichaux, r. collector number: 7077 Lanai BISH 7/19/1986
111 Conocarpus erectus L. popoia islet, oahu. s side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 050223-10 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
112 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35791 Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
113 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
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