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Conocarpus erectus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Combretaceae Genus: Conocarpus

button mangrove, buttonwood, sea mulberry

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 3–8 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, leaves chartaceous or somewhat coriaceous and somewhat fleshy, 2.5–9 cm long, 1–3 cm wide. Base with raised basal glands. Surfaces ± densely silky pubescent, especially on midrib or younger leaves. Margins entire. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers small, densely clustered in globose heads arranged in terminal panicles or racemes, bracts ovate, hypanthium campanulate, the lower part laterally flattened, Peduncles 2–10(–15) mm long, bracts minute, tomentose; hypanthium tomentose. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx lobes greenish white, triangular, ca. 1 mm long. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens usually 10. Ovary inferior, clearly flattened; style straight to slightly curved, free from hypanthium, with well-developed pistillode; ovules 2.

Fruit: Fruit densely clustered into brownish subglobose heads 1–1.5 cm long; each one 3–3.5 mm long; recurved at apex and often with the persistent calyx; fruit scale-like; coriaceous; obcordate; laterally compressed and 2–winged. Seeds 1 per fruit; endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 24

Habitat: Naturalized in coastal areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 147 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:547 (O, L, M); Lorence & Flynn 1997:10 (K); Staples & Herbst 2005:239 (KEY), 242 (DESCR); Parker & Parsons 2012a:58 (H); Starr & Starr 2020:27 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Conocarpus erectus L. hickam field, residence of h.p.spenser PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. Oahu BISH 5/15/1938
2 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
3 Conocarpus erectus L. nw lanai, along hwy. 44 Near beach, in Kaiwi thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 352 Lanai BISH 10/23/1973
4 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35791b Oahu BISH 1/8/1982
5 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
6 Conocarpus erectus L. popoia islet, oahu. s side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 050223-10 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
7 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35791 Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
8 Conocarpus erectus L. awehi and keomuku roads, along coastal road between just inland of Rhizophora mangle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. robichaux, r. collector number: 7077 Lanai BISH 7/19/1986
9 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District: Kukuiula small boat harbor in the Kukuiula Bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, idigenous and naturalized species, elevation just about sea level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 7767 Kauai BISH 4/18/1996
10 Conocarpus erectus L. Motor Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Asquith, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/26/1994
11 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach garden, Oahu In Degener's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35669 Oahu BISH 8/1/1982
12 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District. Kalaheo. Kai Ikena subdivision, yard of house on Panui Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN N. Tangalin 1365 Kauai HAPI 6/5/2007
13 Conocarpus erectus L. Four-mile beach, Keaukaha, South Hilo Distr Naturalized. Located adjacent to the shoreline. Growing next to Casuarina trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Friday, N. BIED 092 Hawaii BISH 7/5/2009
14 Conocarpus erectus L. Kailua-Kona, Old Kona Airport HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 12/23/2017
15 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, his beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 25669 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1982
16 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa district. Lawai Valley. Cultivated the National Tropical Botanical Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3300 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
17 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoea island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6052 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
18 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia, oahu, t.h Planted for ornament near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 11894 Oahu BISH 6/12/1935
19 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoea Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6052 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
20 Conocarpus erectus L. coconut island Along the coast. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. collector number: 62 Hawaii BISH 11/11/1988
21 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach, waialua, oahu Planted in collector's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 24076 Oahu BISH 1/9/1956
22 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuiula boat harbor park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1898 Oahu BISH 9/8/1986
23 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden exotic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669z CM
24 Conocarpus erectus L. Heeia State Park, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing on sandy bank along Heeia Stream near mouth to ocean, flooded tidally with brackish to salt water. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C.; Chun, C. Collector Number: 2005-060 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
25 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district: kukuiula small boat harbor in the kukuiula bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, idigenous and naturalized species, elevation just about sea level Planchonella PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 7767 Oahu BISH 4/18/1996
26 Conocarpus erectus L. burm island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6069 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
27 Conocarpus erectus L. wailuku near the sea as windbreak PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yamayoshi, g. Maui BISH 2/2/1935
28 Conocarpus erectus L. Awehi and Keomuku Roads, along coastal road between just inland of Rhizophora mangle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7077 Lanai BISH 7/19/1986
29 Conocarpus erectus L. fleming beach, kapalua, west PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 1019 Maui BISH 5/28/1972
30 Conocarpus erectus L. coconut island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 6155 Oahu BISH 7/29/1978
31 Conocarpus erectus L. Mitigation Islands, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6046 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
32 Conocarpus erectus L. Burm Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6069 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
33 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 33446 Oahu BISH 6/1/1974
34 Conocarpus erectus L. Kaiwi Shoreline Trail, SE/Makai side of trail On the edge of grassland (dominated by grasses, Leucaena leucocephala, with occasional overhead cover of Prosopis sp.) and a thin band of coastal mangrove forest (primarily dense stands of Rhizophora and occasional thick mats of Batis maritima). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walvoord, N. 2020-002 Oahu BISH 10/17/2020
35 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, Oahu Planted in collector's garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24076 Oahu BISH 1/9/1956
36 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, Oahu, T.H Planted for ornament near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 11894 Oahu BISH 6/12/1935
37 Conocarpus erectus L. tern islet mesic koa - ohia forest with other native trees and a native fern and shrub understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1216 Hawaii BISH 8/31/1968
38 Conocarpus erectus L. Heeia State Park, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing on sandy bank along Heeia Stream near mouth to ocean, flooded tidally with brackish to salt water. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-060 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
39 Conocarpus erectus L. NW Lanai, along Hwy. 44 Near beach, in Kaiwi thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 352 Lanai BISH 10/23/1973
40 Conocarpus erectus L. Tern Islet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1216 French Frigate Shoals BISH 8/31/1968
41 Conocarpus erectus L. Popoia Islet, Oahu. S side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 050223-10 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
42 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district. lawai valley. cultivated the national tropical botanical garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3300 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
43 Conocarpus erectus L. Planted at Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 30092 Oahu BISH 7/15/1965
44 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu wet steep slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35669 CM 8/8/1982
45 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669j GH
46 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu Koolau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35791a KSP 11/8/1981
47 Conocarpus erectus L. [locality not indicated] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener 35791a MICH 12/8/1981
48 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach garden, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35669 MPM 8/8/1982
49 Conocarpus erectus L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 35791b MPM
50 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35791 NCSC 11/8/1982
51 Conocarpus erectus L. hulopo'e beach, lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN basinger, mark UNCC 1/4/1994
52 Conocarpus erectus L. Poipu. Cultivated plants from the grounds of the Hyatt Hotel. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6794 Kauai PTBG 3/20/2001
53 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuiula Boat Harbor Park. Probably cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1898 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1986
54 Conocarpus erectus L. Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. Legume area. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3300 Kauai PTBG 3/28/1989
55 Conocarpus erectus L. Honolulu, Kewalo, Ala Moana Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 307 Oahu PTBG 2/2/1976
56 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia, Degener home. Beach garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 35669 Oahu PTBG 8/1/1982
57 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070605A003. Semi-sandy zone. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1365 Kauai PTBG 6/5/2007
58 Conocarpus erectus L. W. Maui, Napili, near sea level. Behind Fleming Beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80020 Maui PTBG 8/13/2000
59 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukui`ula small boat harbor in Kukui`ula Bay; coastal vegetation on lava flow, indigenous and naturalized species, elevation just above sea level. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7767 Kauai PTBG 4/18/1996
60 Conocarpus erectus L. Keehi Lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ron Walker s.n. Mokuoeo PTBG 4/21/1978
61 Conocarpus erectus L. along highway 44, near the beach, northwest lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. spence 352 Lanai US 10/23/1973
62 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuleia Beach, Waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24076 Oahu US 1/9/1956
63 Conocarpus erectus L. kaneohe, heeia state park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. crago, c. imada & c. chun 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
64 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia beach, waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 24076 Oahu US 1/9/1956
65 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ning, W. S.; Hartt, C. s.n. Oahu US 8/1/1938
66 Conocarpus erectus L. heeia state park, kaneohe, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c.; chun, c. collector number: 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
67 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa Dist: Kukui'ula small boat harbor in Kukui'ula Bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H. 7767 Kauai US 4/18/1996
68 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN N. Tangalin 1365 Kauai US 6/5/2007
69 Conocarpus erectus L. Burm Island, Ke'ehi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6069 Oahu US 4/30/1978
70 Conocarpus erectus L. burm island, ke'ehi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6069 Oahu US 4/30/1978
71 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. ning & c. hartt s.n. Oahu US 8/1/1938
72 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoea Island, Ke'ehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6052 Oahu US 4/30/1978
73 Conocarpus erectus L. molsuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener d35669 Oahu US
74 Conocarpus erectus L. Degener Mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. s.n. Oahu US 4/1/1985
75 Conocarpus erectus L. kapaa, nalu road, wailua river state park. collected as part of kisc 2007 early detection roadside survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN n. tangalin 1365 Hawaii US 6/5/2007
76 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa dist: kukui'ula small boat harbor in kukui'ula bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 7767 Kauai US 4/18/1996
77 Conocarpus erectus L. Mitigation Islands, Ke'ehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Walker, R. 6046 Oahu US 4/30/1978
78 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoea island, ke'ehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6052 Oahu US 4/30/1978
79 Conocarpus erectus L. along Highway 44, near the beach, northwest Lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 352 Lanai US 10/23/1973
80 Conocarpus erectus L. Molsuleia Beach Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. d35669 Oahu US 8/1/1985
81 Conocarpus erectus L. Kaneohe, Heeia State Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L. M.; Imada, C. T.; Chun, C. 2005-060 Oahu US 2/11/2005
82 Conocarpus erectus L. mitigation islands, ke'ehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & r. walker 6046 Oahu US 4/30/1978
83 Conocarpus erectus L. Kapaa, Nalu Road, Wailua River State Park. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tangalin, N. 1365 Kauai US 6/5/2007
84 Conocarpus erectus L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 35791 Kauai US
85 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia beach garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, i. degener 35669d USF 8/8/1985
86 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, i. degener 36592a USF 7/8/1984
87 Conocarpus erectus L. degener garden, mokuleia beach, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener; isa degener 35669 WIS 6/8/1984
88 Conocarpus erectus L. degener's mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; degener, i. 35669d YPM
89 Conocarpus erectus L. Pukoo Lagoon. Growing at high water mark. Bushes and seedlings along high water mark. Naturalized. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dibben-Young, A. Starr-190903-01 Molokai BISH 9/3/2019
90 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuoeo island in keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN walker, r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/21/1978
91 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35791 Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
92 Conocarpus erectus L. Mokuoeo Island in Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walker, R. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/21/1978
93 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35669a Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
94 Conocarpus erectus L. Coconut Island, Keehi Lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6155 Oahu BISH 7/29/1978
95 Conocarpus erectus L. degener mokuleia garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener Oahu US
96 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuiula Boat Harbor Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1898 Kauai BISH 9/8/1986
97 Conocarpus erectus L. mokuleia, his beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 25669 Oahu BISH 8/8/1982
98 Conocarpus erectus L. Koloa District, Poipu. From the grounds of the Hyatt Hotel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 6794 Kauai BISH 3/20/2001
99 Conocarpus erectus L. Hickam Field, residence of H.P.Spenser PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/15/1938
100 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 35791b Oahu BISH 1/1/1982
101 Conocarpus erectus L. Foster Botanic Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1505 Oahu BISH 8/8/1985
102 Conocarpus erectus L. his Mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 33446 Oahu BISH 6/1/1974
103 Conocarpus erectus L. Fleming Beach, Kapalua, West PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1019 Maui BISH 5/28/1972
104 Conocarpus erectus L. Kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 8/1/1938
105 Conocarpus erectus L. four-mile beach, keaukaha, south hilo distr Naturalized. Located adjacent to the shoreline. Growing next to Casuarina trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN friday, n. collector number: bied 92 Hawaii BISH 7/5/2009
106 Conocarpus erectus L. kukuihoolua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/8/1938
107 Conocarpus erectus L. his mokuleia beach garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 35669a Oahu BISH 11/1/1982
108 Conocarpus erectus L. motor island, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN asquith, a. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/26/1994
109 Conocarpus erectus L. mitigation islands, keehi lagoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. walker, r. collector number: 6046 Oahu BISH 4/30/1978
110 Conocarpus erectus L. foster botanic garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1505 Oahu BISH 8/8/1985
111 Conocarpus erectus L. Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Midkiff, F. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/5/1959
112 Conocarpus erectus L. planted at mokuleia beach, waialua, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 30092 Molokai BISH 7/15/1965
113 Conocarpus erectus L. koloa district, poipu. from the grounds of the hyatt hotel Rough lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 6794 Hawaii BISH 3/20/2001
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