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Polypogon viridis

(Gouan) Breistr. (1966)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Polypogon

water bent

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials.

Stems: Culms strongly decumbent at base and rooting at nodes, (1.5–)3–6(–8) dm long.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades linear, flat, relatively wide, (1.5–)2.5–4(–7) mm long. Upper surfaces smooth or scabrous. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheaths smooth, broad; ligule 1.5–4(–6) mm long, truncate, erose–ciliolate and somewhat lacerate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences paniculate, (2–)4–10(–16) cm long, compact, interrupted, the branches ascending to erect, spikelet–bearing to base. Spikelets slightly laterally compressed, rachilla not prolonged; glumes small, subequal, (1.2–) 1.5–1.8(–2) mm long, 1–nerved, densely and evenly scabrous, first glume ovate, second glume lanceolate; lemma membranous, 0.8–1.2 mm long, awnless, minutely apiculate by the excurrent nerves, callus blunt and glabrous; palea 0.5–1 mm long. Stamens 3. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Caryopsis brown; cylindrical; 0.7–1 mm long; ca. 0.3 mm wide.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 28; 42

Habitat: Naturalized in moist places; especially along streams; irrigation ditches; and seepage areas.

Elevation Range: 160–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (41)

Agrestis verticillata (Vill.) Bubani (1901)
Agrostis alba subsp. verticillata (Vill.) Ball (1878)
Agrostis alba var. rivularis (Brot.) Mutel (1837)
Agrostis alba var. verticillata (Vill.) Pers. (1805)
Agrostis anatolica K.Koch (1848)
Agrostis aquatica Buckley (1863)
Agrostis condensata Willd. ex Steud. (1840)
Agrostis dalmatica Trin. (1845)
Agrostis decumbens Elliott (1816)
Agrostis densa M.Bieb. (1808)
Agrostis frondosa Ten. ex Spreng. (1815)
Agrostis kauaiensis Hillebr. (1888)
Agrostis koelerioides Romo (1987)
Agrostis leptos Steud. (1854)
Agrostis muelleri C.Presl (1845)
Agrostis refracta Moench (1802)
Agrostis rivularis Brot. (1804)
Agrostis semiverticillata (Forssk.) C.Chr. (1922)
Agrostis stolonifera var. verticillata (Vill.) DC. (1805)
Agrostis verticillata Vill. (1779)
Agrostis verticillata proles frondosa (Halácsy) Rouy (1913)
Agrostis verticillata var. acutiglumis Costa (1864)
Agrostis verticillata var. coarctata Griseb. (1852)
Agrostis verticillata var. dalmatica (Trin.) Hayek (1933)
Agrostis verticillata var. frondosa (Ten.) Halácsy (1904)
Agrostis verticillata var. gracilis Velen. (1891)
Agrostis villarsii Poir. (1810)
Agrostis viridis Gouan (1762)
Agrostis vulgaris var. verticillata (Vill.) Le Turq. (1816)
Milium vulgare var. verticillata (Vill.) Mérat (1812)
Milium vulgare var. verticillatum (Vill.) Mérat (1812)
Nowodworskya semiverticillata (Forssk.) Nevski (1937)
Nowodworskya verticillata (Vill.) Nevski (1937)
Phalaris semiverticillata Forssk. (1775)
Polypogon semiverticillatus (Forssk.) Hyl. (1945)
Polypogon viridis subsp. pauciflorus H.Scholz & R.Otto (2008)
Polypogon × littoralis var. muticus Hook.f. (1896)
Vilfa densa (M.Bieb.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa frondosa C.Presl (1820)
Vilfa verticillata (Vill.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa villarsii P.Beauv. (1812)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(Sess. Extraord.): lxxxix (1966)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1494 (K, H [as Agrostis semiverticillata]); Herbst & Clayton 1998:18, 33, 34 (Syn. A. semiverticillata = P. viridis, KEY); Hosaka 4000 BISH (H†, 1956)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Polypogon viridis near the stream within Nualolo Valley located on the Na Pali Coast Near stream. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 344 Kauai BISH 1979-07-18
2 Polypogon viridis Waimea Canyon State Park, mile 11.3 on Hwy 550 Waimea Canyon in remnant forest on steep, dry slope. Open grassy slope with ferns & various introduced herbs. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2201 Kauai BISH 1987-05-21
3 Polypogon viridis Koai Valley Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2474 Kauai BISH 1972-06-03
4 Polypogon viridis Waimea Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 273 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
5 Polypogon viridis Kokee Stream, Waimea Drainage Basin, W side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 774 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
6 Polypogon viridis Makaweli, lowlands Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5120 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
7 Polypogon viridis Near Parker Ranch Headquarters Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4145 Hawaii BISH 1936-04-06
8 Polypogon viridis Makaweli, lowlands Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5120 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
9 Polypogon viridis NONE Preserved_Specimen Rock? 5121 BISH
10 Polypogon viridis Kokee Beside wooded stream. Preserved_Specimen recumbent, sprawling. Lee, H.A. 224 Kauai BISH 1925-11-24
11 Polypogon viridis Honopu Valley Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1984-07-17
12 Polypogon viridis Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
13 Polypogon viridis Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
14 Polypogon viridis Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
15 Polypogon viridis Kaluamakani Preserved_Specimen 3136 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-01
16 Polypogon viridis Puu Laau, west slope of Mauna Loa Preserved_Specimen Kosaka, E. 2 Hawaii BISH
17 Polypogon viridis Kalalau Valley Along a stream. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3049 Kauai BISH 1989-06-12
18 Polypogon viridis Kukaiau Ranch Moist place in stony ravine. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14221 Hawaii BISH 1916-08-20
19 Polypogon viridis Makaha Valley, 3 mi down Makaha ridge rd In valley bottom in wet, dripping area at base of wall. With Pluchea, Cyrtandra wawrae, & Lythrum. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1825 Kauai BISH 1986-07-21
20 Polypogon viridis Kukaiau Ranch Moist place in stony ravine. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14221 Hawaii BISH 1916-08-20
21 Polypogon viridis Kaholuamano In stony bed of shallow stream. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15301 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
22 Polypogon viridis Waikii Edge of corn fields. Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-21
23 Polypogon viridis N. Kohala, Waikii Dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Occasional, good growth during winter, eatin by cattel Hosaka, E.Y. 4000 Hawaii BISH 1956-06-14
24 Polypogon viridis Milolii Growing at low elevations near water courses. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1662 Kauai BISH 1982-08-09
25 Polypogon viridis Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach. Near arched rock between beaches Growing near sea level on stream bank. Preserved_Specimen Low, decumbant grass. Corn, C. 417 Kauai BISH 1999-07-20
26 Polypogon viridis Na Pali coast, Hoolula valley, cliff below Space Rock Eragrostis variabilis, Metrosideros, Artemisia, Peperomia, Bidens sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Lipochaeta connata, Peucedanum sandwicense, Lepidium serra, Nototrichium sandwicensis, Carex meyenii, Chamaesyce, Kalanchoe, Melinis Preserved_Specimen flower; fruit Wood, K.R. 3239 Kauai BISH 1994-06-15
27 Polypogon viridis Upper Paauhau, Hamakua, Mauna Kea Rare in dry place. Preserved_Specimen Poor growth. Hosaka, E.Y. 2220 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-03
28 Polypogon viridis Milolii Valley, […?] district growing in H2O at edge of Milolii Stream. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4360 Hawaii BISH
29 Polypogon viridis Near power house, Waimea Canyon Seeping crevices of cliff. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23975 Kauai BISH 1955-09-20
30 Polypogon viridis Hanalei District. Hanakoa Valley, east branch. Fresh running springs with short running waterfall and plunge-pool riparian vegetation with 50% open Aleurites with Psidium guajava with native Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Diospyros sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Psychotria mariniana and Machaerina angustifolia Preserved_Specimen Grass, decumbent on basalt cascade, in flower, occasional Wood, K.R. 16501 Kauai BISH 2015-06-24
31 Polypogon viridis Parker Ranch, Mana In shade against house, moist. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 207 Hawaii BISH 1932-06-02
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