Triodanis perfoliata

(L.) Nieuwl. (1914)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Triodanis

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Herbs, annual.

Stems: Stems erect or ascending, 15–60 cm tall, simple or branched, ribbed, glabrous or scabrous mostly on ribs, green, 5-angled.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate, suborbicular, or elliptic, sometimes lanceolate toward apex, 0.6–2 cm. Apex rounded, obtuse, or acute, sometimes acuminate. Base clasping cordate, obtuse, broadly cuneate, or rounded. Surfaces glabrous or shortly hispid on veins and margins. Margins shallowly entire, crenate, serrate, or dentate. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–3 in axil, sessile; earlier flowers rudimentary; actinomorphic or, if zygomorphic, then often laterally fenestrate or dorsally cleft, connate, with 5 valvate lobes. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or rarely unisexual, sessile; cleistogamous flowers in axils of lower leaves; normal flowers in axils of middle to upper leaves. Hypanthium campanulate, oblong, or obconic. Calyx lobes of upper flowers (later ones) 5, rarely 4, rigid, triangular to lanceolate; lower flowers (earlier ones) smaller, with lobes 3 or 4, narrowly triangular, triangular, or lanceolate. Corolla bluish purple or rose–purple, rarely white, rotate, 8–10 mm, lobes lanceolate. Stamens free, 5, alternate with corolla lobes; anthers elongate, longer than filaments, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, sometimes only partly so, rarely almost superior; ovules numerous, placentation axile; stigmas densely puberulent, wet or dry, 2–5-lobed, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive; style upright, divided at the tip into 3 short branches, reduced in cleistogamous flowers.

Fruit: Poricidal capsule with 1 pore per cell; oblong; 4–10 mm; opening by lateral valves. Seeds numerous; light brown to brown; smooth; slightly compressed; lenticular; less than 1 mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embeded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 28; 56

Habitat: On mountain slopes; by streams; among grasses; and in cracks of concrete.

Elevation Range: 100–1000 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 192 (1914)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date