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Melicope sandwicensis

(Hook. & Arn.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Melicope

alani, alani kuahiwi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees or shrubs 3–10 m tall, new growth densely minutely puberulent with tightly appressed, grayish hairs.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic–ovate or elliptic–obovate, 4–15(–21) cm long, 2–5(–7.5) cm wide. Apex rounded to subtruncate, ± emarginate. Base rounded to subtruncate. Upper surfaces glabrous except midrib ± puberulent; lower surfaces sparsely to sometimes moderately puberulent, more densely so along midrib, ± pilose; blades subcoriaceous to chartaceous. Margins entire. Primary lateral veins usually 9–12 pairs, conspicuous, spreading-arcuate, connected by an arched vein 1–4 mm from margin, venation pinnate, lateral veins connected by an arched submarginal vein, higher order venation forming a reticulate pattern. Petioles 12–40 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–3(–6) in sparsely to densely puberulent, axillary cymes, peduncles (3–) 8–17 mm long, pedicels 3–8 mm long, bracteoles minute, caducous, bracts small, opposite. Calyx of 4 sepals; sepals oblong–ovate, 2.5–3.5 mm long, densely puberulent externally, glabrous within, margins ciliate, apex acute, subpersistent in fruit, imbricate. Corolla of 4 petals; petals oblong–deltate, 5–6 mm long, densely puberulent, apex obtuse, valvate. Stamens 8, in 2 whorls, distinct, reduced but always present in functionally pistillate flowers. Ovary superior, hirtellous; style ca. 0.4 mm long; stigmas clavate, not widely spreading. ovary 4-celled and 4-lobed, carpels connate, only slightly distinct at apex to almost entirely distinct; ovules 2 per cell, hemitropous, 1 ascending; style 1, terminating in 4 short stigmatic branches.

Fruit: Fruit probably dark green; 14–25(–30) mm wide; of distinct follicles 7–15 mm long; exocarp densely to moderately grayish or pale yellowish short–pilose to puberulent; endocarp sparsely to moderately short–villous with short; erect or appressed; pale hairs. the carpels dehiscing along the upper suture; exocarp. Seeds 1–2 per follicle; 4–7 mm long. glossy black when ripe; crustaceous; ovoid; sometimes angled from compression; embryo straight in fleshy endosperm; radicle short; cotyledons compressed; ovate; putamen brown; warty.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 450–850 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Taxon 38: 121 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1204 (O [as Pelea sandwicensis]); Hartley & Stone 1989:121 (COMBNOV, Syn. P. sandwicensis = M. sandwicensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Straussia Preserved_Specimen 9 m x 3 dm tree; leaves shiny above St.John, H. 25574 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
2 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 896 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
3 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 148 Oahu BISH 1946-10-13
4 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen 9 m x 2 dm tree; leaves thick membranous, above dark, below pale green; shoot gray cinereous St.John, H. 21512 Oahu BISH 1946-01-13
5 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen 7 m tree; green fruit, with endocarp Gagné, W.C. 514 Oahu BISH 1970-05-17
6 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Eugenia sandwicensis, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen 20' x 7 tree Nagata, K.M. 1169 Oahu BISH 1973-07-04
7 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8523 Oahu BISH 1932-07-10
8 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Straussia Preserved_Specimen 9 m x 3 dm tree; leaves shiny above St.John, H. 25574 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
9 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 ft tall, single tree w/ flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 5793 Oahu BISH 1987-04-30
10 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist, wooded Preserved_Specimen 10' shrub Hosaka, E.Y. 1938 Oahu BISH 1938-01-13
11 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree, 10 ft tall, w/ flower and fruit Perlman, S. 5276 Oahu BISH 1987-02-01
12 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen to 4 m, pole-stemmed Takeuchi, W.N. 3490 Oahu BISH 1987-02-01
13 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen to 4 m, pole-stemmed Takeuchi, W.N. 3490 Oahu BISH 1987-02-01
14 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2300 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
15 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1611 Oahu BISH 1931-02-20
16 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1816 Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
17 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
18 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1930-06-01
19 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lay, G.T. Oahu BISH 1826-01-01
20 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lay, G.T. Oahu BISH 1826-01-01
21 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Oahu BISH 1971-03-21
22 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. Oahu BISH 1953-12-30
23 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1776 Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
24 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Oahu BISH 1971-03-21
25 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Schinus, Planchonella Preserved_Specimen 15' x 3 tree Nagata, K.M. 1302 Oahu BISH 1976-06-15
26 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Associated species: Psidium cattleianum, Grevillea robusta, Acacia koa, Schinus terebinthifolius, Metrosideros polymorpha, Psydrax odorata, Bidens torta, Clidemia hirta, Euphorbia multiformis, Alyxia stellata, Melinus minutiflora, Dianella sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Ca. 3 m tall tree, multibranching at ca. 0.5 m on trunk. Tree is one of about 25 in the general area, no seedlings observed anywhere. Seeds collected for conservation. Ching, S. 2016063001 Oahu BISH 2016-06-30
27 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10580 Oahu BISH 1936-04-21
28 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11558 Oahu BISH 1937-10-24
29 Melicope sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ravine Preserved_Specimen Tree 35 ft. high, 1 ft. diam.; odor spicy, not anise. MacDaniels, L.H. 927 Oahu BISH 1927-08-14
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