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Persicaria glabra

(Willd.) M.Gómez (1896)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Polygonaceae Genus: Persicaria

kāmole [kamole], knotweed, smartweed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems red, ascending, swollen and often rooting at the nodes, 5–15 dm long, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, (10–)14–28 cm long, (2–)3–6 cm wide. Surfaces minutely pustulate, otherwise usually glabrous, sometimes with scattered hairs on nerves of lower surface. Margins entire. Petioles 0.5–2 cm long. Stipules present as an ocreae, tubular, usually 20–30 mm long, apex not ciliate, sometimes with a few small bristles ca. 0.5 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in open racemes, these sometimes in paniculate inflorescences 5–10 cm long, each flower on a jointed pedicel. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Tepals (4)5(6), usually petaloid, persistent, white or pinkish, 3–4 mm long, sometimes sparsely so, glandular punctate. Stamens 3–9, but usually 5, exserted or included; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, (2)3(4)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 2–3, distinct or connate basally, deciduous; stigmas capitate or rarely fimbriate, dry.

Fruit: Nuts dark brown to nearly black; broadly ovoid; biconvex or subtrigonous; protruding up to ca. ½ its length from or completely enclosed by the persistent tepals; 2–2.5 mm long; the surface glossy.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 40; 60; 66

Habitat: Along streambeds; taro paddies; or in moving water.

Elevation Range: 260–1,450 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous or Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous or Naturalized
O'ahu Indigenous or Naturalized
Molokai Indigenous or Naturalized
Maui Indigenous or Naturalized
Hawai'i Indigenous or Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278 (1896)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1064 (K, O, Mo, M, H [as Polygonum glabrum]); Wilson 1990:632/Herbst & Wagner 1999:30 (Syn. Polygonum glabrum = Persicaria glabra); Forbes 1607.O BISH (O†, 1910)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Persicaria glabra 17 miles along road from kohala toward wainea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 8783 MO 7/31/1926
2 Persicaria glabra Small ravine northwest of Maunahui. Sunny streambank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 8778 Molokai PTBG 5/20/1928
3 Persicaria glabra North fork of the Wailua River just beyond the intake for the Iliilliula North Wailua Ditch. Disturbed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 892 Kauai PTBG 7/18/1984
4 Persicaria glabra Kokee State Park, trail along Kawaikoi Stream at approximately 0.5 miles NE of Kumuwela Road and Sugi Grove campground area; Rich wet forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5794 Kauai PTBG 2/13/1988
5 Persicaria glabra Nawaimaka drainage ; along stream in rich brown soi. Open Metrosideros-Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with riparian areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3996 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1995
6 Persicaria glabra E. Maui, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi Stream. Disturbed mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H110006 Maui PTBG 11/11/2000
7 Persicaria glabra South fork of Onini Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Anderson 541 Molokai PTBG 5/28/1982
8 Persicaria glabra Hawaii Is., n. of puu pala, between n. and south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611231014 UBC 12/31/1961
9 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
10 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8783 Hawaii US 7/31/2026
11 Persicaria glabra Waialae Stream above Waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
12 Persicaria glabra kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2656 Kauai US 7/13/1956
13 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
14 Persicaria glabra Halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 2402 Kauai US 1909-00-00
15 Persicaria glabra along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2423 Kauai US 1895-07-02
16 Persicaria glabra Swampy kepuka in open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1517 Hawaii US
17 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 19 Oahu US
18 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
19 Persicaria glabra central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15158 Molokai US 10/13/1916
20 Persicaria glabra Lohania, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
21 Persicaria glabra hamakua distr., lalakea, main weir at start of lower mamakua ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
22 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 368 Hawaii US
23 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
24 Persicaria glabra Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2656 Hawaii US 7/13/1956
25 Persicaria glabra kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15314 Kauai US 10/20/1916
26 Persicaria glabra lohania, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
27 Persicaria glabra Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2423 Kauai US 1895-00-00
28 Persicaria glabra halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 2402 Kauai US 2/14/1909
29 Persicaria glabra waialae stream above waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
30 Persicaria glabra Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15158 Molokai US 10/13/2016
31 Persicaria glabra Molokai: Sandw.-Ins. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. AVH
32 Persicaria glabra Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15314 Kauai US 10/20/2016
33 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PreservedSpecimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lydgate, J.M. Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
34 Persicaria glabra S of the Wailuku River, Hilo Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Found occasionally within a bog. Growing with Juncus effusus, Andropogon, Carex, and Scirpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 592 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1981
35 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8783 Oahu BISH 7/31/1926
36 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. BISH
37 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 35 k Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
38 Persicaria glabra S fork of Onini Gulch In shade of Aleurites with Phytolacca, Oplismenus, and Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 541 Molokai BISH 5/28/1982
39 Persicaria glabra Hawaii County, HI, USA PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii HAPI 8/2/1996
40 Persicaria glabra Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 497.Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
41 Persicaria glabra NW of Maunahui sunny stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8778 Molokai BISH 5/20/1928
42 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 35 K Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
43 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. BISH
44 Persicaria glabra 17 miles along road from kohala toward wainea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 8783 MO 7/31/1926
45 Persicaria glabra Small ravine northwest of Maunahui. Sunny streambank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 8778 Molokai PTBG 5/20/1928
46 Persicaria glabra North fork of the Wailua River just beyond the intake for the Iliilliula North Wailua Ditch. Disturbed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 892 Kauai PTBG 7/18/1984
47 Persicaria glabra Kokee State Park, trail along Kawaikoi Stream at approximately 0.5 miles NE of Kumuwela Road and Sugi Grove campground area; Rich wet forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5794 Kauai PTBG 2/13/1988
48 Persicaria glabra Nawaimaka drainage ; along stream in rich brown soi. Open Metrosideros-Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with riparian areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3996 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1995
49 Persicaria glabra E. Maui, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi Stream. Disturbed mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H110006 Maui PTBG 11/11/2000
50 Persicaria glabra South fork of Onini Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Anderson 541 Molokai PTBG 5/28/1982
51 Persicaria glabra Hawaii Is., n. of puu pala, between n. and south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611231014 UBC 12/31/1961
52 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
53 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8783 Hawaii US 7/31/2026
54 Persicaria glabra Waialae Stream above Waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
55 Persicaria glabra kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2656 Kauai US 7/13/1956
56 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
57 Persicaria glabra Halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 2402 Kauai US 1909-00-00
58 Persicaria glabra along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2423 Kauai US 1895-07-02
59 Persicaria glabra Swampy kepuka in open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1517 Hawaii US
60 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 19 Oahu US
61 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
62 Persicaria glabra central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15158 Molokai US 10/13/1916
63 Persicaria glabra Lohania, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
64 Persicaria glabra hamakua distr., lalakea, main weir at start of lower mamakua ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
65 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 368 Hawaii US
66 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
67 Persicaria glabra Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2656 Hawaii US 7/13/1956
68 Persicaria glabra kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15314 Kauai US 10/20/1916
69 Persicaria glabra lohania, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
70 Persicaria glabra Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2423 Kauai US 1895-00-00
71 Persicaria glabra halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 2402 Kauai US 2/14/1909
72 Persicaria glabra waialae stream above waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
73 Persicaria glabra Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15158 Molokai US 10/13/2016
74 Persicaria glabra Molokai: Sandw.-Ins. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. AVH
75 Persicaria glabra Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15314 Kauai US 10/20/2016
76 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PreservedSpecimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lydgate, J.M. Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
77 Persicaria glabra S of the Wailuku River, Hilo Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Found occasionally within a bog. Growing with Juncus effusus, Andropogon, Carex, and Scirpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 592 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1981
78 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8783 Oahu BISH 7/31/1926
79 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. BISH
80 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 35 k Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
81 Persicaria glabra S fork of Onini Gulch In shade of Aleurites with Phytolacca, Oplismenus, and Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 541 Molokai BISH 5/28/1982
82 Persicaria glabra Hawaii County, HI, USA PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii HAPI 8/2/1996
83 Persicaria glabra Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 497.Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
84 Persicaria glabra NW of Maunahui sunny stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8778 Molokai BISH 5/20/1928
85 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 35 K Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
86 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. BISH
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