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Persicaria glabra

(Willd.) M.Gómez (1896)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Polygonaceae Genus: Persicaria

kāmole [kamole], knotweed, smartweed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems red, ascending, swollen and often rooting at the nodes, 5–15 dm long, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, (10–)14–28 cm long, (2–)3–6 cm wide. Surfaces minutely pustulate, otherwise usually glabrous, sometimes with scattered hairs on nerves of lower surface. Margins entire. Petioles 0.5–2 cm long. Stipules present as an ocreae, tubular, usually 20–30 mm long, apex not ciliate, sometimes with a few small bristles ca. 0.5 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in open racemes, these sometimes in paniculate inflorescences 5–10 cm long, each flower on a jointed pedicel. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Tepals (4)5(6), usually petaloid, persistent, white or pinkish, 3–4 mm long, sometimes sparsely so, glandular punctate. Stamens 3–9, but usually 5, exserted or included; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, (2)3(4)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 2–3, distinct or connate basally, deciduous; stigmas capitate or rarely fimbriate, dry.

Fruit: Nuts dark brown to nearly black; broadly ovoid; biconvex or subtrigonous; protruding up to ca. ½ its length from or completely enclosed by the persistent tepals; 2–2.5 mm long; the surface glossy.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 40; 60; 66

Habitat: Along streambeds; taro paddies; or in moving water.

Elevation Range: 260–1,450 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous or Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous or Naturalized
O'ahu Indigenous or Naturalized
Molokai Indigenous or Naturalized
Maui Indigenous or Naturalized
Hawai'i Indigenous or Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278 (1896)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1064 (K, O, Mo, M, H [as Polygonum glabrum]); Wilson 1990:632/Herbst & Wagner 1999:30 (Syn. Polygonum glabrum = Persicaria glabra); Forbes 1607.O BISH (O†, 1910)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Swampy kepuka in open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1517 Hawaii US
2 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 19 Oahu US
3 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Waialae Stream above Waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
4 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
5 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Lohania, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
6 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15158 Molokai US 10/13/1916
7 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez hamakua distr., lalakea, main weir at start of lower mamakua ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
8 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
9 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2656 Hawaii US 7/13/1956
10 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 368 Hawaii US
11 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15314 Kauai US 10/20/1916
12 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2423 Kauai US 1895-00-00
13 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez lohania, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
14 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez S fork of Onini Gulch In shade of Aleurites with Phytolacca, Oplismenus, and Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 541 Molokai BISH 5/28/1982
15 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez S of the Wailuku River, Hilo Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Found occasionally within a bog. Growing with Juncus effusus, Andropogon, Carex, and Scirpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 592 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1981
16 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez 17 mi along rd from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8783 Oahu BISH 7/31/1926
17 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 2402 Kauai US 2/14/1909
18 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez waialae stream above waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
19 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15158 Molokai US 10/13/2016
20 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Molokai: Sandw.-Ins. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. AVH
21 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15314 Kauai US 10/20/2016
22 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. BISH
23 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 35 k Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
24 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 497.Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
25 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez unknown small ravine; PreservedSpecimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lydgate, J.M. Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
26 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hawaii County, HI, USA PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii HAPI 8/2/1996
27 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. BISH
28 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez North fork of the Wailua River just beyond the intake for the Iliilliula North Wailua Ditch. Disturbed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 892 Kauai PTBG 7/18/1984
29 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez NW of Maunahui sunny stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8778 Molokai BISH 5/20/1928
30 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 35 K Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
31 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez 17 miles along road from kohala toward wainea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 8783 MO 7/31/1926
32 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez E. Maui, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi Stream. Disturbed mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H110006 Maui PTBG 11/11/2000
33 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Kokee State Park, trail along Kawaikoi Stream at approximately 0.5 miles NE of Kumuwela Road and Sugi Grove campground area; Rich wet forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5794 Kauai PTBG 2/13/1988
34 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Nawaimaka drainage ; along stream in rich brown soi. Open Metrosideros-Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with riparian areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3996 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1995
35 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Small ravine northwest of Maunahui. Sunny streambank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 8778 Molokai PTBG 5/20/1928
36 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez South fork of Onini Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Anderson 541 Molokai PTBG 5/28/1982
37 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez 17 mi along rd from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8783 Hawaii US 7/31/2026
38 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hawaii Is., n. of puu pala, between n. and south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611231014 UBC 12/31/1961
39 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
40 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
41 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2656 Kauai US 7/13/1956
42 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2423 Kauai US 1895-07-02
43 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 2402 Kauai US 1909-00-00
44 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Swampy kepuka in open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1517 Hawaii US
45 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 19 Oahu US
46 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Waialae Stream above Waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
47 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
48 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Lohania, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
49 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15158 Molokai US 10/13/1916
50 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez hamakua distr., lalakea, main weir at start of lower mamakua ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
51 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
52 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2656 Hawaii US 7/13/1956
53 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 368 Hawaii US
54 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15314 Kauai US 10/20/1916
55 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2423 Kauai US 1895-00-00
56 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez lohania, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
57 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez S fork of Onini Gulch In shade of Aleurites with Phytolacca, Oplismenus, and Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 541 Molokai BISH 5/28/1982
58 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez S of the Wailuku River, Hilo Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Found occasionally within a bog. Growing with Juncus effusus, Andropogon, Carex, and Scirpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 592 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1981
59 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez 17 mi along rd from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8783 Oahu BISH 7/31/1926
60 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 2402 Kauai US 2/14/1909
61 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez waialae stream above waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
62 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15158 Molokai US 10/13/2016
63 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Molokai: Sandw.-Ins. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. AVH
64 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15314 Kauai US 10/20/2016
65 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. BISH
66 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 35 k Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
67 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 497.Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
68 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez unknown small ravine; PreservedSpecimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lydgate, J.M. Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
69 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hawaii County, HI, USA PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii HAPI 8/2/1996
70 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. BISH
71 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez North fork of the Wailua River just beyond the intake for the Iliilliula North Wailua Ditch. Disturbed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 892 Kauai PTBG 7/18/1984
72 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez NW of Maunahui sunny stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8778 Molokai BISH 5/20/1928
73 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 35 K Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
74 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez 17 miles along road from kohala toward wainea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 8783 MO 7/31/1926
75 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez E. Maui, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi Stream. Disturbed mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H110006 Maui PTBG 11/11/2000
76 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Kokee State Park, trail along Kawaikoi Stream at approximately 0.5 miles NE of Kumuwela Road and Sugi Grove campground area; Rich wet forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5794 Kauai PTBG 2/13/1988
77 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Nawaimaka drainage ; along stream in rich brown soi. Open Metrosideros-Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with riparian areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3996 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1995
78 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Small ravine northwest of Maunahui. Sunny streambank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 8778 Molokai PTBG 5/20/1928
79 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez South fork of Onini Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Anderson 541 Molokai PTBG 5/28/1982
80 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez 17 mi along rd from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8783 Hawaii US 7/31/2026
81 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hawaii Is., n. of puu pala, between n. and south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611231014 UBC 12/31/1961
82 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
83 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
84 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2656 Kauai US 7/13/1956
85 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2423 Kauai US 1895-07-02
86 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 2402 Kauai US 1909-00-00
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