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Coprosma stephanocarpa

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Coprosma

hupilo, pilo

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs to small trees 2-6 m tall.

Stems: One to many main stems, young stems sparsely pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic or sometimes lanceolate, 6-50 x 4-15 mm. Apex acute. Base cuneate to attenuate. Blades sparsely pilose on both surfaces, midrib puberulent, domatia present on abaxial surface in seconary vein axils. Margins entire. Petioles 3-5(-10) mm long. Stipules narrowly deltate, often recurving away from stem, 2–4 . 2–3 mm, connate 1/4 to 1/2 of their length, base puberulent to lanate, margins lanate with one apical colleter and no marginal colleters, band of glabrous tissue immediately below the margin.

Flowers: Flowers axillary; male inflorescence a 3(–5) flowered cyme on an unbranched peduncle 3–5 mm long; female inflorescence solitary or occasionally 2-3, sessile or subsessile, peduncle 0–3(–6) mm long, unbranched, flowers terminal. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, often heterostylous; insect-pollinated. Calyx of staminate flowers with 3–5 lobes, irregularly toothed 0.25-2 mm long Calyx of pistillate flowers with 3–5 lobes, 0–2 mm long. Corolla of male flowers 5–6-merous, funnelform, 3–4 mm long, lobes 0.5–1.5 mm long, tube 3–4 mm long beyond calyx; female corolla funnelform to campanulate, only lobes exserted beyond calyx, recurving 360 degrees at maturity, lobe apices often touching calyx; nectary disk usually present. Stamens 5–6; anthers inserted at base of corolla; filaments 7–13 mm long, exserted beyond corolla, pendulous at maturity, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2(-4)-celled; ovule 1 per cell, basal, anatropous; styles 2, divided to base, terminal, slender; exserted 3-4 mm beyond corolla; stigmas lobed or capitate, long-exserted, papillose-hirsute, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; juicy; reddish-orange to yellow; ovoid; 4–10 x 3.5–6 mm; crowned with a conspicuous persistent calyx; with 2; 1-seeded; planoconvex pyrenes. Seeds with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Found in mesic to wet forests and shrublands with both native and non-native plant communities.

Elevation Range: 975–2,700 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 187 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1125 [as syn. of C. foliosa]; Cantley et al. 2016:42 (RESURRECT/EM, DESCR, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN sherwin carlquist 1851 Oahu US 6/21/1966
2 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information mixed native/non-native forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jason T. Cantley JC-671 Maui PTBG 5/1/2015
3 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros montane wet forest below subalpine shrubland and montane mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14243 Maui PTBG 6/9/2010
4 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information along road to flume; with Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Pelea, Myrsine, Dicranopteris; rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3738 Maui BISH 6/27/1969
5 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A.S. 14815 Maui BISH 9/24/1916
6 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 738.M Maui BISH 7/11/1919
7 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8189 Maui BISH 8/24/1910
8 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information mesic koa-ohia forest with native trees, shrub, fern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2560 Maui BISH 5/27/1980
9 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information along road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crosby, M.R. 1804 Maui BISH 7/19/1964
10 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 936 M Maui BISH 7/1/1919
11 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 769 M Maui BISH 7/1/1919
12 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pyle, L. Takeuchi 1922 Maui BISH 1/12/1985
13 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information ridge, wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9146 Maui BISH 6/13/1980
14 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 748 M Maui BISH 7/1/1919
15 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Maui BISH 8/14/1933
16 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Ohia Mixed Mesic Forest at 3800 ft among Cheirodendron, Scaevola, Smilax, Cyrtandra, Dubautia, Dodonaea, Clermontia arborescens and Labordia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1261 Maui BISH 8/26/1991
17 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Ohia Mixed Mesic Forest at 3700 ft with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Myrsine, Dubautia, Hedyotis and Dicranopteris PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 954 Maui BISH 7/9/1991
18 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9375 Maui BISH 7/13/1980
19 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Swezey, O.H. s.n. Maui BISH 5/25/1930
20 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 892 Maui BISH 10/18/1922
21 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1648 M Maui BISH 11/15/1919
22 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information with Metrosideros forest with Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Pittosporum, Clermontia arborescens, C. grandiflora, Dicranopteris emarginata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 1851 Maui BISH 6/21/1966
23 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 22116 Maui BISH 3/26/1952
24 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1639 M Maui BISH 11/15/1919
25 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Koa-Ohia mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3231 Maui BISH 1/9/1997
26 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1152 M Maui BISH 8/15/1919
27 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 758 M Maui BISH 7/1/1919
28 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information 4WD road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pyle, L. Takeuchi 1923 Maui BISH 1/12/1985
29 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8529 Maui BISH 9/1/1910
30 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Montane Wet Shrubland at 4100 ft near the summit of Lihau with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Cibotium, Hedyotis and native herbs, sedges and ferns PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1091 Maui BISH 7/13/1991
31 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information open forest, near blackberry fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mitchell, A.L. 65 Maui BISH 9/30/1945
32 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 816.M Maui BISH 7/17/1919
33 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10296 Maui BISH 2/11/1930
34 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2237 Maui BISH 12/16/1985
35 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. 137 Maui BISH 12/25/1955
36 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information wet koa, ohia forest; native trees and shrubs, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9407f Maui BISH 7/22/1980
37 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9047 Maui BISH 5/31/1980
38 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1836 M Maui BISH 3/4/1920
39 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 3113 Maui BISH 8/23/1980
40 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K.T. s.n. Maui BISH 7/16/1980
41 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Krauss, N.L.H. 1128 Maui BISH 5/3/1967
42 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2667 Maui BISH 1/2/1987
43 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 648 Maui BISH 4/24/1918
44 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Ohia Mixed Mesic Shrubland at 3800 ft in a mesic shrubland with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Lycopodium, Vaccinium reticulatum, Styphelia, Machaerina, Sphenomeris, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Pteridium and Gahnia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1237 Maui BISH 8/25/1991
45 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 455 Maui BISH 2/6/1905
46 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 47 M Maui BISH 1/1/1910
47 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Montane Wet Shrubland at 4120 ft under a Metrosideros and Cheirodendron canopy with Coprosma, Hedyotis, Cibotium, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Psychotria, Ilex, Sadleria spp., Lycopodium, Stenogyne, Peperomia, Labordia, native ferns, sedges and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1200 Maui BISH 8/25/1991
48 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9340 Maui BISH 6/10/1980
49 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN urbain jean faurie; b.1847; d.1915; faurie 324 NHMUK 6/9/1910
50 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. L. Wagner 5857 Maui PTBG 3/8/1988
51 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information mixed native/non-native forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jason T. Cantley JC-670 Maui PTBG 5/1/2015
52 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Michael Kiehn MK-990913-2/4 Maui PTBG 9/13/1999
53 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 215 M Maui BISH 7/1/1910
54 Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros- Styphelia Mixed Mesic Shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4232 Maui PTBG 4/12/1995
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