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Stachytarpheta urticifolia

Sims (1816)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Verbenaceae Genus: Stachytarpheta

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Coarse perennial herbs 8–20 dm tall, sometimes somewhat woody toward base.

Stems: Stems usually weakly erect, intricately branched, very sparsely puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to broadly elliptic or ovate, 4–8 cm long, 2–4.5 cm wide. Apex acute. Base cuneate. Surfaces glabrous or occasionally lower surfaces with very few scattered hairs usually along the veins and margins; blades membranous; upper surfaces rugose. Margins sharply and coarsely serrate, the teeth conspicuously divergent. Petioles 0.5–2 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in indeterminate spikes, spikes slender, rachis flexuous to erect or somewhat nodding, 14–40 cm long, ca. 2.5 mm in diameter, the furrows somewhat shallow, nearly as wide as the rachis; bracts lanceolate, ca. 7 mm long, persistent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx narrowly tubular, 5-toothed and 5–ribbed, ca. 7 mm long, the teeth subequal. Corolla usually dark purplish blue with a paler center, the tube 7–8 mm long, imbricate. Stamens 2, included in corolla tube, staminodes 2; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-celled, placentation axile; ovules 1 per cell, attached laterally, erect, anatropous; style elongate, filiform; stigma terminal.

Fruit: Schizocarps dry; oblong–linear; splitting at maturity into 2 hard cocci; enclosed by the persistent calyx. Seeds 1 per fruit; linear.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Shaded; mesic; disturbed sites.

Elevation Range: 15–200 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Only found in cultivation

Island Status

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 15-200 m
  • Description digitized by Ikaika Mendez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Made on Oahu in 1908, but possible earlier collection is labeled from Maui; however uncertain
  • Probably originally native to tropical Asia.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Mag. 43: t. 1848 (1816)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims waiahole PRESERVED_SPECIMEN i. degener, d. l. topping & -- salucop 11048 Oahu US 3/3/1937
2 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims shady gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN CM
3 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden. Along trail to waterfall at north end of garden (north of Polynesian Canoe Plant garden). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Andrew Townesmith|Karen M. Meyer Townesmith 1063 Missouri Botanical Garden 5/10/2008
4 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims national tropical botanical garden, mcbryde garden. along trail to waterfall at north end of garden (north of polynesian canoe plant garden). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN andrew townesmith|karen m. meyer townesmith 1063 MO 5/10/2008
5 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Lawai Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2107 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1971
6 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Growing along road at lookout point of Big Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jamie Cockrell 9 Kauai PTBG 12/3/1987
7 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Munro Trail. Between Haalelepaakai and Lanaihale. Degraded dry shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H61502 Lanai PTBG 6/3/2015
8 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims KAUAI: Kawaihau District; Haleilio road, Wailua House Lots, adjacent to Nonou Mtn. trailhead. Secondary vegetation of Syzygium, Psidium, Schinus, Lantana, Wedelia, and Paspalum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn s.n. Kauai PTBG 1/28/1991
9 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Koolau Range, Senator Fong's Plantation & Gardens, 47-285 Pulama Rd (Private land holding) Lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3028 NY 8/11/1996
10 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims koolau range, senator fong's plantation & gardens, 47-285 pulama rd (private land holding) Lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3028 NY 8/11/1996
11 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Limahuli Valley, upper preserve. Riparian vegetation along Limahuli Stream. Most of canopy destroyed by Hurricane Iniki (92) and understory heavily invaded by Clidemia hirta. Native taxa include Boehmeria, Pipturus, Hedyotis, Bidens, and Thelypteris. Introduced taxa include Stachytarpheta, Blechnum, and Adiantum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6190 Kauai PTBG 6/26/1997
12 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims KAUAI: Hwy 56 between Anahola and Kilauea near mile 18. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1727 Kauai PTBG 5/14/1986
13 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims MAUI: Hana District. Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden. Elev. 0-50 ft. Along Honomaele Stream on the Garden's eastern boundary. Disturbed area subject to frequent inundation by flood waters. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2449 Maui PTBG 10/15/1987
14 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims KAUAI: Hwy 56 between Anahola and Kilauea near mile 18. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1726 Kauai PTBG 5/14/1986
15 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims in & on the slopes of makiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2089 Oahu US 1895-04-05
16 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims kolekole pass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & e. ordonez 12680 Oahu US 2/25/1940
17 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims along hana hwy across melia memorial park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. s. ishikawa 158 Maui US 10/14/1972
18 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims hanalei district, limahuli valley, upper preserve along limahuli stream. Riparian vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & d. h. lorence 6190 Kauai US 6/26/1997
19 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims kawainui marsh, along quarry rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 160 Oahu US 8/6/1976
20 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims end of mahaiula st, waimanalo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. s. ishikawa 49 Kauai US 2/16/1972
21 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Manoa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Andrew Townesmith|Karen M. Meyer Townesmith 1063 Oahu HAPI 5/10/2008
22 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims big island. hamaloua district, waipio valley rd.; roadcut on steep N-facing cliff in lowland wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. licher 825 ASC 4/14/2004
23 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims kawainui marsh, between marsh & quarry rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 18 Oahu US 1/4/1976
24 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims along hwy 19 about 2 mi above kailua-kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5019 Hawaii US 9/16/1974
25 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Kailua, Kawainui Marsh Dike. S end, Mauka side Lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3028 Oahu HAPI 8/11/1996
26 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims waiahole PRESERVED_SPECIMEN i. degener, d. l. topping & -- salucop 11048 Oahu US 3/3/1937
27 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims shady gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN CM
28 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden. Along trail to waterfall at north end of garden (north of Polynesian Canoe Plant garden). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Andrew Townesmith|Karen M. Meyer Townesmith 1063 Missouri Botanical Garden 5/10/2008
29 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims national tropical botanical garden, mcbryde garden. along trail to waterfall at north end of garden (north of polynesian canoe plant garden). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN andrew townesmith|karen m. meyer townesmith 1063 MO 5/10/2008
30 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Lawai Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2107 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1971
31 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Growing along road at lookout point of Big Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jamie Cockrell 9 Kauai PTBG 12/3/1987
32 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Munro Trail. Between Haalelepaakai and Lanaihale. Degraded dry shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H61502 Lanai PTBG 6/3/2015
33 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims KAUAI: Kawaihau District; Haleilio road, Wailua House Lots, adjacent to Nonou Mtn. trailhead. Secondary vegetation of Syzygium, Psidium, Schinus, Lantana, Wedelia, and Paspalum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn s.n. Kauai PTBG 1/28/1991
34 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Koolau Range, Senator Fong's Plantation & Gardens, 47-285 Pulama Rd (Private land holding) Lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3028 NY 8/11/1996
35 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims koolau range, senator fong's plantation & gardens, 47-285 pulama rd (private land holding) Lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3028 NY 8/11/1996
36 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Limahuli Valley, upper preserve. Riparian vegetation along Limahuli Stream. Most of canopy destroyed by Hurricane Iniki (92) and understory heavily invaded by Clidemia hirta. Native taxa include Boehmeria, Pipturus, Hedyotis, Bidens, and Thelypteris. Introduced taxa include Stachytarpheta, Blechnum, and Adiantum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6190 Kauai PTBG 6/26/1997
37 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims KAUAI: Hwy 56 between Anahola and Kilauea near mile 18. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1727 Kauai PTBG 5/14/1986
38 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims MAUI: Hana District. Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden. Elev. 0-50 ft. Along Honomaele Stream on the Garden's eastern boundary. Disturbed area subject to frequent inundation by flood waters. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2449 Maui PTBG 10/15/1987
39 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims KAUAI: Hwy 56 between Anahola and Kilauea near mile 18. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1726 Kauai PTBG 5/14/1986
40 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims in & on the slopes of makiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2089 Oahu US 1895-04-05
41 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims kolekole pass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & e. ordonez 12680 Oahu US 2/25/1940
42 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims along hana hwy across melia memorial park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. s. ishikawa 158 Maui US 10/14/1972
43 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims hanalei district, limahuli valley, upper preserve along limahuli stream. Riparian vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & d. h. lorence 6190 Kauai US 6/26/1997
44 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims kawainui marsh, along quarry rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 160 Oahu US 8/6/1976
45 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims end of mahaiula st, waimanalo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. s. ishikawa 49 Kauai US 2/16/1972
46 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Manoa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Andrew Townesmith|Karen M. Meyer Townesmith 1063 Oahu HAPI 5/10/2008
47 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims big island. hamaloua district, waipio valley rd.; roadcut on steep N-facing cliff in lowland wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. licher 825 ASC 4/14/2004
48 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims kawainui marsh, between marsh & quarry rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 18 Oahu US 1/4/1976
49 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims along hwy 19 about 2 mi above kailua-kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5019 Hawaii US 9/16/1974
50 Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims Kailua, Kawainui Marsh Dike. S end, Mauka side Lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3028 Oahu HAPI 8/11/1996
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