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Rumex skottsbergii

O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1971)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Polygonaceae Genus: Rumex

pāwale [pawale]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs.

Stems: Stems usually stiffly erect, 7–10 dm long, glabrous.

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades flat, ovate to oblong–ovate or oblong–elliptic, 5.5–9(–13.5) cm long, 1.4–5.8 cm wide. Apex acute to obtuse. Base broadly cuneate. Surfaces glabrous, blades thick and somewhat glossy. Margins entire, flat. Petioles 1.7–3.5(–5) cm long. Stipules forming sheath or ocrea.

Flowers: Flowers numerous, in small to medium-sized, green or yellowish green, somewhat congested, many-branched, usually erect, paniculate inflorescences 10–20 cm long, 5–10(–15) cm wide. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious), the proportions of each sex varying from nearly equal to one strongly dominating, actinomorphic. Tepals 6, outer 3 much smaller than inner ones, connate at base into a minute floral tube, inner 3 valves erect, staminate flowers with outer Tepals ca. 1 mm long, the valves membranous, greenish, ca. 1.8–2 mm long, anthers ca. 1.2 mm long; pistillate flowers with outer Tepals greenish, ca. 1–1.5 mm long, the valves membranous, greenish to yellowish green, ca. 1.5–2 mm long, enlarging to 5.5–6.2 mm long and becoming cordate in fruit, the venation becoming conspicuous, margins denticulate, the faces without tubercles. Stamens 6; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 3; stigmas fimbriate, dry.

Fruit: Nuts trigonous; enclosed by the valves; pale brown; ca. 1.8–2 mm long; the 2 sides of a single arm of a mature nut distinctly diverging; the angle ca. 45°; margins of arms with a conspicuous rim. Seeds with well-developed; starchy and oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 60

Habitat: Dry ʻaʻā and pāhoehoe lava and perhaps ash.

Elevation Range: 460–1,300 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Phytologia 21: 142 (1971)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1069 (H); Mosyakin & Wagner 1998:42 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rumex skottsbergii Holomalina, South Kona, on 1924 aa lava flow Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Hawaii BISH 1991-01-01
2 Rumex skottsbergii Keanakakoi Crater Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 17 Hawaii BISH 1942-08-28
3 Rumex skottsbergii S Kona, Manuka Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6548 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
4 Rumex skottsbergii N Kona, Huehue, near main road Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3205 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-11
5 Rumex skottsbergii N Kona, Huehue, near main road Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3205 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-11
6 Rumex skottsbergii Kau, Kilauea-Pahala, below 1887 and 1907 flows Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1928 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-23
7 Rumex skottsbergii Kipuka Kalawamauna below Pohakuloa open Dubautia-Dodonaea scrub Preserved_Specimen clump with many branches from base, flowers pale green, drying dull reddish Fosberg, F.R. 60620 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-10
8 Rumex skottsbergii 6.7 mi SE of Manuka State Park, Hwy. 11, 1907 lava flow Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4890 Hawaii BISH 1983-07-28
9 Rumex skottsbergii N Kona, Puuanahulu, N Hualalai, NE of Puu Nahaha, E of Hainoa and Kalamalu dry ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, mixed grass; on aa Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub, erect, viny Warshauer, F.R. 2104 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-12
10 Rumex skottsbergii Kahuku Ranch, 6 mi from turnoff Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-23
11 Rumex skottsbergii Kau, 1907 lava flow Preserved_Specimen Shinohara, B. Hawaii BISH 1946-12-27
12 Rumex skottsbergii S Kona, Manuka lava flows Preserved_Specimen flowers greenish white Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-23
13 Rumex skottsbergii back of Huehue and Puuwaawaa lava beds Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3598 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
14 Rumex skottsbergii Hoopuloa flow dry aa Preserved_Specimen ~6' suberect shrub; foliage glossy, light green; inflorescence green, mature fruit brown Herbst, D.R. 5039 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-18
15 Rumex skottsbergii near Makaopuhi Crater Several plants growing along trail near Makaopuhi Crater. Growing in exposed area near edge of lava flow from Mauna Ulu. Preserved_Specimen Height 2 ft. Inflorescence light green. Leaves thick. Davis, J. 604 Hawaii BISH 1981-09-12
16 Rumex skottsbergii Kona coast, 1926 flow dry, bare aa lava Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub; shiny, leathery foliage Herbst, D.R. 941 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-23
17 Rumex skottsbergii along trail near Makaopuhi Crater Several plants growing along trail near Makaopuhi Crater. Growing in exposed area near edge of lava flow from Mauna Ulu. Preserved_Specimen Small shrubs, height 2 ft., inflorescences light green. Leaves thick. Davis, J. 604 Hawaii BISH 1981-09-12
18 Rumex skottsbergii Kona coast, 1926 flow dry, bare aa lava Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub; shiny, leathery foliage Herbst, D.R. 941 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-23
19 Rumex skottsbergii Manuka Park, Kau, 1868 flow with Sadleria cyatheoides, Dubautia scabra, Polypodium pellucidum; bare aa lava Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2066 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-26
20 Rumex skottsbergii Near Belt Road, mauka of Pohue Bay, Kau on bare aa with no phanerogram except noxious Buddleja asiatica Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 34430 Hawaii BISH 1977-09-04
21 Rumex skottsbergii 12 mi NE of Pahala, Hwy. 11 dry lava; with Styphelia, Polypodium pellucidum vulcanicum, Dodonaea, Coprosma ernodeoides Preserved_Specimen 2-5' shrub Henrickson, J.S. 4098 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-06
22 Rumex skottsbergii Kau, Kahuku, flow of 1907, ~0.5 mi W of South Point Rd. on bare cinders Preserved_Specimen 1-1.5 m shrub; flowers greenish Webster, G.L. 14019 Hawaii BISH 1968-07-01
23 Rumex skottsbergii Kona coast, 1926 flow dry, bare aa lava Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub; shiny, leathery foliage Herbst, D.R. 941 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-23
24 Rumex skottsbergii S of Captain Cook, S Kona lava flow Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub Nagata, K.M. 2787 Hawaii BISH 1984-01-09
25 Rumex skottsbergii Waimea Arboretum full sun Preserved_Specimen 1.2 m shrub, branched at base Lau, J. 2313 Oahu BISH 1986-04-28
26 Rumex skottsbergii Just below intersection of Milolii Road and Ewa road (into Papa subdivision) Dry lava flow with sparse vegetation of Capparis sandwichiana, Plectranthus parviflorus, and Waltheria indica; alien species include Schinus terebinthifolius and Pluchea Preserved_Specimen shrub, <1m tall Price, J.P. 2 Hawaii BISH 2000-07-21
27 Rumex skottsbergii E of Waiohinu, 1868 lava flow roadside, pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 41633 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-21
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