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Physalis peruviana

L. (1763)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Solanaceae Genus: Physalis

cape gooseberry, golden berry, poha, pohā

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Soft–wooded, short-lived shrubs up to ca. 1 m tall, straggly with age, with intraxylary phloem, all parts densely pubescent with erect, simple or glandular hairs up to 1 mm long.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, usually geminate, 1 larger than the other. Blades ovate–acuminate, often 6 cm long, 4 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cordate. Surfaces densely pubescent with erect, simple or glandular hairs up to 1 mm long. Margins entire or rarely with a few blunt lobes. Petioles 2–3 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, pedicellate. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, solitary in the leaf axils or stem forks, pedicellate. Calyx connate in lower ½, bell-shaped, 5-lobed, veins often prominent, the lobes acuminate–triangular, ca. 1 cm long, distinct at apex, greatly enlarging in fruit. Corolla yellow with well defined purplish brown spots at base, 15–20 mm in diameter, the limb rotate or shallowly 10-lobed, the tube swollen into shallow nectary pouches between the filaments, densely pubescent with pale yellowish dendritic hairs below the spots and around the nectaries. Stamens 5; filaments inserted near base of corolla tube; anthers bluish before opening, oblong, opening by slits, not twisted after opening. Ovary superior, 2-celled, placentation axile; ovules numerous on an enlarged placenta; style 1, erect, 5–7 mm long.

Fruit: Berries pale yellow; drying pale brown; aromatic; succulent; globose; 1.5–2 cm in diameter; enclosed in the inflated calyx 3–3.5 cm long. Seeds numerous; pale brown; discoid; 1.75–2 mm long; minutely shallowly reticulate; embryo curved; endosperm present; lenticular.

Ploidy: 2n = 24; 48; 72

Habitat: Disturbed sites in mesic to wet forest; diverse mesic forest; and subalpine woodland.

Elevation Range: 450–2,020 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1670 (1763)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1265 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:528 (KEY), 534 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Physalis peruviana Paunau Ditch Trail Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 84 Maui BISH 1955-12-21
2 Physalis peruviana Kamakou Preserve; west fork of stream just east of Kawela Ridge, along upper reaches of gulch and ridge leading to Puu O Kaeha Low, mixed wet forest with Metrosideros dominant, also Ilex, Xylosma, Psychotria, and Syzygium. Preserved_Specimen Herb 30 cm. tall, corolla yellow with purple marks inside. Lorence, D.H. 5629 Molokai BISH 1987-10-22
3 Physalis peruviana Keauhou Ranch, Kau district, Hawaii Growing in disturbed bulldozed area with aa substrate beside Pu'u O'o road. Preserved_Specimen Height 3 ft. no flowers, fruit green. Cuddihy, L.W. 117 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-08
4 Physalis peruviana Along trail in Pahole Natural Area Reserve Preserved_Specimen Herb - 2-3' tall, yellow petals Welton, P. 8832 Oahu BISH 1988-11-13
5 Physalis peruviana Along Mauna Loa scenic strip road Preserved_Specimen small herb, flowers pale yellow Herat, T. 653 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-19
6 Physalis peruviana Waimea, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Waialeale trail, Waialae stream, Preserved_Specimen Herb, 3 feet high; yellow flower; yellow-brown fruit Chock, A.K. 978 Kauai BISH 1953-08-18
7 Physalis peruviana Mauna Loa, E slopes above Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611226022 Hawaii BISH 1961-12-26
8 Physalis peruviana Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Puu oo road Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow with purple markings. Davis, J. 186 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-08
9 Physalis peruviana Palehua Preserved_Specimen Park, K.K. 10849 Oahu BISH 1936-01-05
10 Physalis peruviana Waianae Mts. Palikea trail, lower altitude Preserved_Specimen Weed; light yellow flower with brown patches connecting at base of each corolla-lobe Stone, B.C. 3461 Oahu BISH 1960-05-05
11 Physalis peruviana District of North Kona; Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Hwy.), near mile 28; Kaupulehu Preserve Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1305 Hawaii BISH 1985-10-16
12 Physalis peruviana Mauna Loa Strip Rd. about 2.5 mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy; or about 100 m (NE) uphill from 4000' elevation sign at right side of road, or about 1 mi past Kipuka Puaulu. (plot 20) Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous shrub about 6 in. Newell, C.L. 168 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-27
13 Physalis peruviana Honolulu Valley bottom Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
14 Physalis peruviana Crater of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1097 Maui BISH 1919-08-09
15 Physalis peruviana Kona, Keauhou No. 1, end of new Bishop Estate road under mamane trees Preserved_Specimen Christ, J.H. Hawaii BISH 1958-05-15
16 Physalis peruviana Puu O Kaeha, Kawela shady gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12525 Molokai BISH 1932-12-23
17 Physalis peruviana Manoa Cliff trail Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 414 Oahu BISH 1920-06-12
18 Physalis peruviana Ulupalakua, E Maui, Makawao District Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7390 Maui BISH 1927-07-04
19 Physalis peruviana Maunahui Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7404 Molokai BISH 1928-04-13
20 Physalis peruviana Honolulu, H.S.P.A., Herbarium Experiment Station Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. Oahu BISH 1930-07-18
21 Physalis peruviana along Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2060 Oahu BISH 1895-04-11
22 Physalis peruviana Pacific Hts Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. 491 Oahu BISH 1908-12-20
23 Physalis peruviana Mahana Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 471 Lanai BISH 1929-08-03
24 Physalis peruviana Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 522 Lanai BISH 1916-03-17
25 Physalis peruviana Waianae, Aleurites Forest, Kalena Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7437 Oahu BISH 1934-09-30
26 Physalis peruviana Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2060 Oahu BISH 1895-04-11
27 Physalis peruviana Kaunakakai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 623 Molokai BISH 1915-03-28
28 Physalis peruviana Waianae, Aleurites Forest, Kalena Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7437 Oahu BISH 1934-09-30
29 Physalis peruviana Lanaihale Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Lanai BISH 1961-03-26
30 Physalis peruviana Waianae Mts., Mt. Kaala Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-10-13
31 Physalis peruviana Olomana Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-10-26
32 Physalis peruviana Kaihalena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 522 Lanai BISH 1916-03-17
33 Physalis peruviana Waiakoali Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1930-08-22
34 Physalis peruviana unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 575 BISH 1864-01-01
35 Physalis peruviana unknown Preserved_Specimen 8867 BISH
36 Physalis peruviana Kokee State Park, Kalalau Lookout Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5002 Kauai BISH 1983-08-28
37 Physalis peruviana East Maui, Upper Kaupo Gap in tall Dodonaea scrubland with Eupatorium. Nearly level with much rocky rubble on ground. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow and black Higashino, P.K. 890 Maui BISH 1975-06-22
38 Physalis peruviana 4 mi down Chain of Craters road recently burned over Metrosideros forest; with Agrostis avenacea, etc. Preserved_Specimen petals yellow with brown spots within, stamens brown-grey Henrickson, J.S. 4081 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-06
39 Physalis peruviana Waianae Kai, Puu Kalena moist woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12954 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
40 Physalis peruviana Palikea Trail, Waianae Mts shrubbery Preserved_Specimen Vine, trailing. Corolla yellow and black; anthers blue Crosby, M.R. 1925 Oahu BISH 1964-07-31
41 Physalis peruviana Paunau Ditch Trail wet cliff wall with ferns and grass Preserved_Specimen Scandent sprawling herb in masses to 8 dm. across. Flowers yellow with purple center Woolford, H.A. 84 Maui BISH 1955-12-21
42 Physalis peruviana Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve; Makaha Valley, N. of Makaha Ridge road, W. of Kokiokeokeo picnic area Mixed mesophytic forest. With Metrosideros, Acacia, Alphitonia and Dryopteris spp. Preserved_Specimen herb of 3 ft. Flynn, T.W. 2191 Kauai BISH 1987-05-15
43 Physalis peruviana Honolulu, Nuuanu area, 2616 Pali Hwy amassed in a bed; full sun Preserved_Specimen shrub branched at base 1 m tall. the corolla is intermediate between cream and lemon yellow with dark blackish-maroon patches near the base Lau, J. 1628 Oahu BISH 1985-11-16
44 Physalis peruviana Puu Nene, near Humuula Sheep Station base of small cinder cone; dry windswept Sophora, Myoporum, Dodonaea, Santalum assoc. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 924 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-15
45 Physalis peruviana Near BYU-HC, Laie silty loam Preserved_Specimen herb to 3' tall; enlarged calyx encloses globose fruit Afualo, D. 114 Oahu BISH 1975-03-25
46 Physalis peruviana Waianae Mts., Honouliuli, Puu Kaua Ridge moist grassy slope Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. 256 Oahu BISH 1932-11-06
47 Physalis peruviana Puu Nene, near Humuula Sheep Station base of small cinder cone; dry windswept Sophora, Myoporum, Dodonaea, Santalum assoc. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 924 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-15
48 Physalis peruviana Upper Mahanaloa Valley Diverse mesic forest along slopes with patches of Lantana camara along valley bottom. Large (20-25 m) Metrosideros polymorpha and Tetraplasandra kavaiensis individuals with Acacia koa, Dodonaea viscosa, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cryptocarya, Pouteria, Nestegis, Leptecophylla and Alyxia stellata. Psidium cattleianum invading slopes and Rubus argutus along the valley floor. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling herbaceous weed, 2 m long. Growing in ares sof understory with more open canopy. Yellow fls. Trauernicht, C. 612 Kauai BISH 2008-11-19
49 Physalis peruviana Makahalau paddock, Waimea, Hamakua along stream bank Preserved_Specimen 2-3' bush Hosaka, E.Y. 2211 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-03
50 Physalis peruviana Waianae Mts., Puu Manawahua open woods Preserved_Specimen flower yellow, purple marked St.John, H. 9899 Oahu BISH 1929-09-29
51 Physalis peruviana East Maui, Hana District, near E rim of crater, Kaupo Trail thrives in moist areas Preserved_Specimen tall herb, 5 ft. high Olson, G.E. 96 Maui BISH 1937-08-23
52 Physalis peruviana Kaupulehu, near transect T18 Remnant Diospyros forest, on kipuka border. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub. Takeuchi, W.N. 5808 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-20
53 Physalis peruviana Waianae Uka, Puu Kaala in open on slope Preserved_Specimen shrub about 3' tall Yoshioka, T. Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
54 Physalis peruviana District of South Kohala; Saddle Rd. (Hwy 200), 9.9 mi from junction with Mamalahoa Hwy (Hwy 190) along road under canopy of Sophora Preserved_Specimen herb Flynn, T.W. 2306 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-07
55 Physalis peruviana Manuka, Kau District open forest on old lava flow Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22440 Hawaii BISH 1945-12-27
56 Physalis peruviana trailside; on flats makai of hill behind Kokee Museum weedy thicket with Rubus penetrans and Passiflora Preserved_Specimen subshrub to 4 ft. Takeuchi, W.N. 11 Kauai BISH 1983-08-15
57 Physalis peruviana Pahole Gulch, Waialua, Waianae Mts., slope of side gully in east section of gulch Open canopy of Metrosideros with dense undergrowth of Commelina, Rubus & Paspalum conjugatum Preserved_Specimen Weak shrub. Corolla yellow, dark purple at throat, Nagata, K.M. 1593 Oahu BISH 1978-03-14
58 Physalis peruviana Within crater of Haleakala, near cave near Koolau Gap talus Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7405 Maui BISH 1928-01-20
59 Physalis peruviana below Palehua, Waianae Range wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Shrub-herb Hume, E.P. 318 Oahu BISH 1931-11-22
60 Physalis peruviana Nualolo trail, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. Kauai BISH 1930-12-28
61 Physalis peruviana Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near rainshed on eastern boundary, Growing in small stand of Metrosideros and Cibotium on fault pali in Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture. Preserved_Specimen Weak shrub 2' tall, flowers yellow with purple spots, fruit green. Cuddihy, L.W. 649 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-23
62 Physalis peruviana 4 mi N of jct rte 11 on rte 148 (ca. 4 mi N of Volcano dark, Cibotium forest Preserved_Specimen herb to 1 m tall. Corolla light yellow. Stuessy, T.F. 6120 Hawaii BISH 1982-05-29
63 Physalis peruviana Kaupulehu; near transect T18 remnant Diospyros forest, on kipuka border Preserved_Specimen small shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 5808 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-20
64 Physalis peruviana Hawaii Poha. Kapua. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
65 Physalis peruviana Hualalai (Olma Tract, Kaloka Mauka) Ohia-fern mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 26 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-17
66 Physalis peruviana Waikolu Valley, below Puu Kaeo steep valley wall, rain forest, by pig trail Preserved_Specimen weed St.John, H. 22429 Molokai BISH 1948-12-22
67 Physalis peruviana Waikolu Valley, below Puu Kaeo steep valley wall, rain forest, by pig trail Preserved_Specimen weed St.John, H. 22429 Molokai BISH 1948-12-22
68 Physalis peruviana 29 miles open woods in often foggy region Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3720 Hawaii BISH 1929-06-13
69 Physalis peruviana Waimea District. Puu Ka Pele Forest Reserve. Along forestry management contour road between Papaalai ridge and Haeleele ridge, across from Kaulaula Valley enclosur with Hedyotis, Diplazium and Rubus Preserved_Specimen Large herb of 5'. Leaves dark, dull green above, dull, grey-green below; corolla pale yellow with dark brown spots near the base of the corolla; calyx pale green with purplish-brown veination. Flynn, T.W. 3539 Kauai BISH 1989-09-15
70 Physalis peruviana Koolau range, just below the Nuuanu Pali on rocks with thin soil, windward side Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242005 Oahu BISH 1924-08-14
71 Physalis peruviana On Waianae range. Off Kaluaa gulch Steep bank near summit. In open area Preserved_Specimen In fruit Herat, T. 467 Oahu BISH 1973-07-15
72 Physalis peruviana East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala, Kaupo Gap dry rocky slope in pamakani thicket Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21183 Maui BISH 1945-08-27
73 Physalis peruviana Palehua, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Moist draw Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11156 Oahu BISH 1931-11-22
74 Physalis peruviana Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka trail wet forest Preserved_Specimen shrub about 2' tall Onouye, R. Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
75 Physalis peruviana Puu Nene, near Humuula Sheep Station base of small cinder cone; dry windswept Sophora, Myoporum, Dodonaea, Santalum assoc. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 924 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-15
76 Physalis peruviana above Hilo, Wailuku River in stream bed Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 207 Hawaii BISH 1926-11-08
77 Physalis peruviana Kau District. By Hilina Pali road, in Kipuka Nene shelter area grassy area Preserved_Specimen herb, ca. 1 m tall. Flowers pale yellow in color Herat, T. 772 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-27
78 Physalis peruviana Waianae Kai, Puu Kalena moist woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12954 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
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