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Hibiscus punaluuensis

(Skottsb.) O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1957)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Hibiscus

hau hele, koki‘o ke‘oke‘o, koki‘o kea, pāmakani

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Robust shrubs or small trees up to 8(–10) m tall.

Stems: Mature stems glabrous to glabrate, young stems, leaves, pedicels, and calyces moderately coarsely pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate–elliptic to broadly ovate, usually 10–20(–30) cm long, 2–11(–25) cm wide. Apex acute to subacuminate. Base obtuse to subcordate or cuneate. Surfaces moderately coarsely pubescent; blades coriaceous. Margins entire or dentate throughout or near apex. Petioles usually less than ½ the length of blades; sometimes copiously yellowish stellate pubescent. Stipules subulate to filiform, 5–10 mm long, caducous.

Flowers: Flowers in solitary, borne near the ends of the branches, pedicels moderately coarsely pubescent, stout, 1.5–6(–9) cm long, articulate; involucral bracts 5–7, apparently appressed to the calyx, linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 10–25 mm long, 1–2 mm wide. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx tubular, 5-lobed or 5-parted, 2–3.4 cm long, lobes deltate–acute, 3–10 mm long, moderately coarsely pubescent. Corolla catinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, corolla of 5 petals, flaring, white, occasionally with a pink tinge on abaxial side, sometimes aging pinkish, (7–)8– 11(–13) cm long from point of insertion, obovate, adnate basally to the staminal column into a tube 1–3(–4) cm long. Stamens 5 to numberous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, exserted, pinkish to dark red, rarely white, 8–19 cm long; filaments arising in upper ⅓–½ of staminal column, red or white, spreading, 0.8–3 cm long; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, 5-celled or rarely appearing 10-celled by a vertical partition, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; ovules 3 or more per cell; style exceeding the staminal column, 5-branched, each branch terminated by an expanded stigma; stigmas terminal or decurrent.

Fruit: Loculicidally dehiscent capsules; chartaceous; obovoid–apiculate; ca. 1.7–2.5 cm long; glabrous; endocarp smooth; shiny; exocarp reticulate–veined. Seeds angular-reniform or rounded-reniform; ca. 4 mm long; yellowish brown tomentose; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 80*; 84*

Habitat: Occurring in primarily mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 300–800 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic
Hawai'i Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: O.Degener, Fl. Hawaiiensis 221: s.p. (1957)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:883 (O [as H. arnottianus subsp. punaluuensis]); Staples & Herbst 2005:387 (KEY), 388 (DESCR); Huppman 2013 (Syn. H. a. subsp. punaluuensis = H. punaluuensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Hibiscus punaluuensis Nuuanu near Pali at base of Konahuanui. Southern Koolau mountains. Ahupuaa of Waikiki Growing in wet forest dominated by Cinnamomum burmannii and Psidium cattleianum with remnant Metrosideros tremuloides and Ceodes umbellifera. Also growing with Cibotium chamissoi, Nephrolepis exaltata, and Pipturus albidus. Preserved_Specimen Large tree with broad ovate leaves. These leaves smaller on ends of long branches. All surfaces covered in stellate hairs. Bracts pointing forward, not recurved, long and linear. Flowers large and white. Staminal column reddish at tip fading to light pink/white at base. Bark grey, mottled and covered with lichen. Thomas, M.K. 443 Oahu BISH 2022-09-13
2 Hibiscus punaluuensis Castle Trail and Kaluanui Valley; next to Kaluanui Stream. Next to stream. Preserved_Specimen Small, several-stemmed tree; flowers with white petals, red staminal tube, and red bracts at base of calyx--very handsome. Stern, W.L. 1371 Oahu BISH 1961-08-01
3 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, Kaluanui Forming forest along stream. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft. tall, 1.5 ft. diam. Flowers white, stamens & pistils red. St.John, H. 10101 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
4 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Range, Kaluanui Common, by stream in wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 m, 2 dm. diam. Petals white, column crimson. St.John, H. 25976 Oahu BISH 1956-11-25
5 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, Kaluanui River bank. Preserved_Specimen Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1930-09-28
6 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near Hibiscus #3065 Flood Plain. Preserved_Specimen Height to 4 m but with little lateral development, this large leaved phenotype seems to represent a more or less juvenile condition. Takeuchi, W.N. 3066 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
7 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, Punaluu, banks of Kaluanui Stream. (Windward, viz. northeast side of mountains.) Banks of stream. Preserved_Specimen One of numerous large (30-40 feet tall) trees; flowers brilliant white, staminal column red. Stone, B.C. 1442 Oahu BISH 1956-11-25
8 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near the divide with Kahana Flood plain covered with Clidemia & scattered Pisonia umbellifera. Preserved_Specimen 5 m x 30 cm., scraggly limbs but with large spreading crown, first occurrence at this elevation with species assuming streambed dominance by ca. 244 m elevation. Takeuchi, W.N. 3065 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
9 Hibiscus punaluuensis Kipapa Gulch, second north fork, Koolau Mountains. In moist stream bed. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 838 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
10 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near Hibiscus #3065 Flood Plain. Preserved_Specimen Height to 4 m but with little lateral development, this large leaved phenotype seems to represent a more or less juvenile condition. Takeuchi, W.N. 3066 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
11 Hibiscus punaluuensis Castle Trail at Kaluanui Stream Growing along edge of stream, rainforest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, 4-5 m high; flower white, staminal column red. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1501 Oahu BISH 1940-12-22
12 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau, along Punaluu streams near Castle camp. Along Punaluu streams. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 feet. Rock, J.F.C. 8831 Oahu BISH 1911-08-01
13 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Range, Kaluanui, Castle Trail Alongside stream. Preserved_Specimen Nakata, S. 18 Oahu BISH 1945-10-21
14 Hibiscus punaluuensis Lower woods, head of Kahana Valley, Hauula Forest Reserve. Woods. Preserved_Specimen Petals white, asymmetric, common, trees 15-30 feet X 6-10 inches. St.John, H. 13409 Oahu BISH 1933-12-10
15 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, Waipio, Kipapa Gulch, 2nd N fork By stream. Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 ft. tall, 1 ft. diam. St.John, H. 10463 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
16 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Range, Kaluanui By Kaluanui Stream. Preserved_Specimen Trees 20 ft. tall, 1 ft. diam. Fl.white, column crimson. St.John, H. 10587 Oahu BISH 1930-09-28
17 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near head of basin In rainforest formation. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3069 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
18 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Range, Kaluanui On rainforest stream banks. Preserved_Specimen Large spreading trees 7-8 m tall; abundant in a clump. Flower white, purple staminal column. Bryan Jr., E.H. 842 Oahu BISH 1934-10-14
19 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Range, Kaluanui By trail crossing of stream in wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m, 15 cm. diam. St.John, H. 25977 Oahu BISH 1956-11-25
20 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near the first tributary split Rocky banks along flowing brook. Preserved_Specimen Very common, nearly all plants flowering but few mature fruits in population. Takeuchi, W.N. 3068 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
21 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near Hibiscus #3065 Flood Plain. Preserved_Specimen Height to 4 m but with little lateral development, this large leaved phenotype seems to represent a more or less juvenile condition. Takeuchi, W.N. 3066 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
22 Hibiscus punaluuensis Manaiki Valley, upper right hand fork Growing along stream bed. Preserved_Specimen ca 20 ft high. Fl white w/ reddish veins (some trees w/ pure white corolla; fullness of petals vary from tree to tree also) staminal column, stigmas red; anther red-orange. Herbst, D.R. 1568 Oahu BISH 1970-01-23
23 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near the divide with Kahana Flood plain covered with Clidemia & scattered Pisonia umbellifera. Preserved_Specimen 5 m x 30 cm., scraggly limbs but with large spreading crown, first occurrence at this elevation with species assuming streambed dominance by ca. 244 m elevation. Takeuchi, W.N. 3065 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
24 Hibiscus punaluuensis Punaluu Stream, near Hibiscus #3065 Flood Plain. Preserved_Specimen Height to 4 m but with little lateral development, this large leaved phenotype seems to represent a more or less juvenile condition. Takeuchi, W.N. 3066 Oahu BISH 1986-12-13
25 Hibiscus punaluuensis Upper Kaluanui Valley, Castle Trail Alongside stream. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft. tall; petals white, staminal column & stamens red. Kuykendall, J.R. 117 Oahu BISH 1945-10-21
26 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountain, near mountain stream Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 37 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
27 Hibiscus punaluuensis Honolulu, Lyon Arboretum, Section 34 Growing in partial shade. Preserved_Specimen Pubescent shrub 7 ft. high. Corolla white, ca. 13 cm., on peduncles of 7 cm. Nagata, K.M. 1240 Oahu BISH 1974-09-09
28 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau, along Punaluu streams near Castle Camp Preserved_Specimen 30 ft. tree. Rock, J.F.C. 8831 Oahu BISH 1911-08-01
29 Hibiscus punaluuensis Konahuanui, valley on W flanks Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1000 Oahu BISH 1909-01-06
30 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 304 Oahu BISH 1930-09-28
31 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mts, Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 3628 Oahu BISH 1938-09-27
32 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau, along Punaluu streams near Castle Camp Preserved_Specimen 30 ft. tree. Rock, J.F.C. 8831 Oahu BISH 1911-08-01
33 Hibiscus punaluuensis Honolulu, Bishop Museum grounds, from a hedge planting makai of the Hall of Discovery Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9410 Oahu BISH 1994-03-17
34 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mts, Tantalus, Manoa Cliffs Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611028253 Oahu BISH 1961-10-28
35 Hibiscus punaluuensis Puna District; Lava Trees State Park Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2049 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-23
36 Hibiscus punaluuensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
37 Hibiscus punaluuensis Wahiawa, near Head gate Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2198 Oahu BISH 1915-08-17
38 Hibiscus punaluuensis Waiahole Ditch Trail Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
39 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, Kaluanui, Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Bean, R.S. Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
40 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, between Punaluu & Kaipapau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-05-03
41 Hibiscus punaluuensis Waiawa Valley, central branch (directly opposite Waiahole Gap) a short distance mauka of the wier. Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Oahu BISH 1933-11-19
42 Hibiscus punaluuensis See label (handwriting not clear). Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
43 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountains, between Punaluu & Kaipapau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
44 Hibiscus punaluuensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 304 BISH 1930-09-28
45 Hibiscus punaluuensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 37 BISH 1908-08-23
46 Hibiscus punaluuensis unknown Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) BISH
47 Hibiscus punaluuensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
48 Hibiscus punaluuensis Wahiawa, near Head gate Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2198 Oahu BISH 1915-08-17
49 Hibiscus punaluuensis Koolau Mountain, Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 37309 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
50 Hibiscus punaluuensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Onouye, R. BISH
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