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Amaranthus spinosus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Genus: Amaranthus

pakai kukū [pakai kuku], spiny amaranth

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs.

Stems: Stems sometimes tinged with red, erect, sometimes ascending, 4–15 dm long, usually branched, striate, glabrous or pubescent with multicellular hairs, especially above, most leaf axils with a pair of divergent spines up to 2.5 cm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate to rhombic–ovate, elliptic, lanceolate–oblong, or lanceolate, blades 1–12 cm long, 0.8–6 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces occasionally sparsely pilose, especially along the veins. Margins entire or sinuate. Petioles 1–9 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in axillary clusters in the lower part of the plant and in unbranched or branched spikes in the upper part, the lower clusters entirely pistillate as are the lower flowers of the spikes, the upper flowers in the spikes staminate. Bracts and bracteoles deltate–ovate, membranous, tipped with a pale or reddish awn. Flowers unisexual; plants monoecious. Calyx of 5 sepals, green, those of staminate flowers broadly lanceolate or lanceolate–oblong, apex acute or acuminate, those of pistillate flowers narrowly oblong or spatulate–oblong, 1.5–2.5 mm long, apex obtuse or acute, mucronulate. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens (2)3–5, distinct; anthers dithecal. Ovary superior, 2–3(4)-carpellate, the carpels connate to form a compound, 1-celled ovary; ovule placentation basal, free-central, or rarely apical; style 1, often lobed; stigmas (2)3.

Fruit: Utricles with circumscissile or irregularly dehiscient; or indehiscent; 2–3 beaked at apex; ovoid; with a short inflated neck below the style base; ca. 1.5 mm long; regularly or irregularly circumscissile; rarely indehiscent; the upper part rugulose below the neck. Seeds 1 per fruit; the surface usually lustrous; endosperm essentially absent; black; shiny; compressed; 0.8–1 mm long; inconspicuously reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 32; 34

Habitat: Naturalized in disturbed sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 991 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:188 (Ku, K, O, Mo, M, Ka, H); Starr et al. 2002:17 (Mi); Oppenheimer 2003:5 (L); Imada & Kennedy 2020:70 (Le); Faccenda & Ross 2024:30 (KEY); Starr et al. 2001/Lamoureux 2804 BISH (Ku†, 1964)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Amaranthus spinosus Manana Island, off Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Cut from a dense bush ca. 4' tall, 6' wide. Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
2 Amaranthus spinosus Kalaupapa; airport Preserved_Specimen monoecious annual herb Wysong, M.L. 406 Molokai BISH 2004-11-11
3 Amaranthus spinosus Ewa Beach; Chun's Pasture Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1956-12-15
4 Amaranthus spinosus Pohakea Trail Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 401 Oahu BISH 1982-05-27
5 Amaranthus spinosus Laie, Church College in front of Chemistry Lab Preserved_Specimen Luke, K. 26 Oahu BISH 1960-10-14
6 Amaranthus spinosus Lower Kipahulu Valley, area between upper pasture and the gauging station on Palakea Stream Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Maui BISH 1975-03-01
7 Amaranthus spinosus Manana Island, off Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
8 Amaranthus spinosus Kaneohe Bay Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-10-20
9 Amaranthus spinosus Church College of Hawaii Weed in gardens and along roadsides; widely distributed; with grasses, groundcover. Preserved_Specimen Herb. Beckham, N. 50 Oahu BISH 1967-04-15
10 Amaranthus spinosus Hauula Park Preserved_Specimen Vea, S. 10465 Oahu BISH 1977-04-02
11 Amaranthus spinosus South Kohala District. Collected east of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between Mauna Lani Drive and Puako turn off Dry area with scant vegetation; open grassland with scattered Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-02-04
12 Amaranthus spinosus East Maui, Makawao District, Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Kipuka at the head of the trail towards Pohaku Paea from the midstop along Makena-Keoneoio Road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. Preserved_Specimen Prickly. Abbott, I.A. 91.45 Maui BISH 1991-03-06
13 Amaranthus spinosus Kawainui Marsh, off Kapaa Quarry Road by airplane field and canal Soft mucky soil, medium to large stones, and non-degradable garbage. Heavily mowed and herbicided area left of airplane field. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous to woody at base shrub with alternate leaves on long petioles. Inflorescence a branched thyrse with many tiny flowers. Entire plant with many long spines. Large long tap root with many rootlets. Crago, L.M. 2005018 Oahu BISH 2005-01-21
14 Amaranthus spinosus Kahuku, roadside S of golf course Dispersed by water. Preserved_Specimen Annual 1-4' tall; spreading. Smith, M. 29 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
15 Amaranthus spinosus Hauula Scattered. Preserved_Specimen Herbs, scattered; leaves alternate; thorns all over. Hai, N. 52 Oahu BISH 1975-04-05
16 Amaranthus spinosus Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock near Ranch HW Common in disturbed areas. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Takeuchi, W.N. 5783 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
17 Amaranthus spinosus Kau District. Along Halape beach, some distance W of Halape shelter Growing on lava rock in open sunny area. Preserved_Specimen Herb ca. 1.5 m tall. Herat, T. 861 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-30
18 Amaranthus spinosus East Maui, Hana District; SE of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele Common in coastal pasture lands. Preserved_Specimen Spiny herb to 4'; stems and petioles reddish. Flynn, T.W. 2533 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
19 Amaranthus spinosus Honua, Kukaki Haole koa zone; clearing. Preserved_Specimen Small herb. Takeuchi, W.N. 3238 Oahu BISH 1986-12-01
20 Amaranthus spinosus Green Island Near septic tank. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 2804 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-08-15
21 Amaranthus spinosus 100 yds S of Kahuku Hospital Scattered. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous, stout stems, tough, erect, 1-3' high. McCulloch, R. 12 Oahu BISH 1975-04-11
22 Amaranthus spinosus Hulopoe Beach, behind In gullly. Preserved_Specimen 1m tall shrubs. Oppenheimer, H.L. 40124 Lanai BISH 2001-04-15
23 Amaranthus spinosus BYU-Hawaii, Laie Common but not abundant on hillside. Preserved_Specimen A much-branching leafy annual ca. 1' tall; lower parts woody, upper portions herby; leaves 0.5-2.0 long; monoecious; staminate; flower consists no petal; pistillate flower, 1 single pistil. Tiu, C. 9 Oahu BISH 1975-03-15
24 Amaranthus spinosus Kaneohe Cultivated; scattered. Preserved_Specimen Flower dark reddish brown. Kinikini, T.V. 66 Oahu BISH 1967-05-13
25 Amaranthus spinosus Kawainui Marsh, off Kapaa Quarry Road by airplane field and canal Soft mucky soil, medium to large stones, and non-degradable garbage. Heavily mowed and herbicided area left of airplane field. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous to woody at base shrub with alternate leaves on long petioles. Inflorescence a branched thyrse with many tiny flowers. Entire plant with many long spines. Large long tap root with many rootlets. Crago, L.M. 2005018 Oahu BISH 2005-01-21
26 Amaranthus spinosus PTBG, Lawai Valley Occasional to common in disturbed areas. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2024 Kauai BISH 1971-07-27
27 Amaranthus spinosus Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range Roadside along Coral Sea Road. With Boerhavia coccinea (779312, 779313, 779334), Chenopodium murale (779332), Alternanthera pungens (779333), and Cynodon dactylon (779134), and other grasses. Preserved_Specimen Spiny woody herb 30 cm tall. BISH staff 94 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
28 Amaranthus spinosus University of Hawaii campus, Honolulu; Manoa campus Common, ruderal weed. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb; 30-40 cm; flower green. Swarbrick, J.T. 36 Oahu BISH 1976-01-04
29 Amaranthus spinosus Kapapala Ranch, Kau District Growing beside jeep road with Andropogon glomeratus, Pennisetum clandestinum, and Psidium guajava Preserved_Specimen Succulent shrubby herb, 2 1/2' tall. Stems red. Cuddihy, L.W. 942 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-19
30 Amaranthus spinosus Kalihi Kai Collected along beach road; wet, coastal area is vegetated by adventives such as elephant grass, Ageratum, Sonchus, and Emilia sp. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 702 Kauai BISH 1990-05-03
31 Amaranthus spinosus Back of BYU-H campus, Laie Waste areas; old cultivated plot. Preserved_Specimen Sharp spines at base of each leaf. Ziegelbauer, K. 13 Oahu BISH 1975-02-06
32 Amaranthus spinosus [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Found associated w/Brassica, Ricinus, Abutilon and grasses; at end of road. Preserved_Specimen Weed herb to 4'; plant w/base of 1.5 diam., becoming woody; much branched, green-red; pair of spines found at lf bases. Male flws in long narrow terminal spikes, female flws at lf bases. Ishikawa, S. 136 Molokai BISH 1972-08-30
33 Amaranthus spinosus Along coastal and inland trail in Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Predominantly exotic vegetation. Area highly modified by ancient Polynesians. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 229 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-07
34 Amaranthus spinosus Cane Road, Kaamooloa, Waialua Common weed. Preserved_Specimen Herb to 3' tall; reddish stem, spines at leaf bases, flower spike. Afualo, D. 76 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
35 Amaranthus spinosus East of the weatherport, on ridge aboe the restoration plantings Sparse non-native scrubland w/ Pluchea indica dominant in gulches and open areas of lithified ash with nonnative grasses in open areas. W/Pluchea, Chloris radiata, Setaria ciliaris, Jacquemontia and Waltheria Preserved_Specimen Patches of plants on this ridge. 70 mature and 10 immature plants pulled and baggeed. Mostly immature fruit, some w/ mature fruit Tangalin, N. 1657 Lehua Rock BISH 2007-02-22
36 Amaranthus spinosus Kawainui Marsh, off Kapaa Quarry Road by airplane field and canal Soft mucky soil, medium to large stones, and non-degradable garbage. Heavily mowed and herbicided area left of airplane field. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous to woody at base shrub with alternate leaves on long petioles. Inflorescence a branched thyrse with many tiny flowers. Entire plant with many long spines. Large long tap root with many rootlets. Crago, L.M. 2005018 Oahu BISH 2005-01-21
37 Amaranthus spinosus Fern St. and McCully St Weed in sunny area along sidewalk Preserved_Specimen Infrequent Faccenda, K. 1798 Oahu BISH 2021-05-08
38 Amaranthus spinosus Koloa District. Cane field road from Koloa Sugar Mill to Mahaulepu Locally common, naturalized along cane field. Preserved_Specimen Coarse, spiny annual herb 1.5 m tall, stems pinkish distally. Lorence, D.H. 6616 Kauai BISH 1990-09-28
39 Amaranthus spinosus Wailua Game Reserve, above Wailua Vegetation on plots stripmined for bauxite ore in 1958-60. Area variously treated with lime and fertilizer. Now residual pasture. Plant of adjacent dump area now invading pasture area as seedlings. Preserved_Specimen Howard, R.A. 20264 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
40 Amaranthus spinosus Mokuauia Islet, Oahu in central part of island Preserved_Specimen Rare. A single plant found near sea grape trees in central part of island. Starr, F. 5022212 Oahu BISH 2007-02-22
41 Amaranthus spinosus 96720, Hilo, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 10/18/2007
42 Amaranthus spinosus Kapapala Ranch, Kau District OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 10/18/2007
43 Amaranthus spinosus Transect C5 from Smugglers' Cove to Kaukaukapapa Beach Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 78.077 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-26
44 Amaranthus spinosus 3 mi SE of Lahaina Alongside of highway. Preserved_Specimen Weedy herb to 4' tall; much branched; monoecious w/female infl found at lf axils; male infl terminal; entire plant w/tinges of red and green. Ishikawa, S. 155 Maui BISH 1972-10-13
45 Amaranthus spinosus Laie, BYU-Hawaii campus Preserved_Specimen A much-branching leafy annual 1' tall; lower parts woody, upper portion herby; leaves 0.5-2.0 long; flower; no petal. Lee, P. 29 Oahu BISH 1975-03-21
46 Amaranthus spinosus Queen's Beach off of Kalanianaole Hwy (Hwy 72) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4813 Oahu BISH 1983-06-04
47 Amaranthus spinosus Manana Island, off Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Cut from a dense bush ca. 4' tall, 6' wide. Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
48 Amaranthus spinosus Kalaupapa; airport Preserved_Specimen monoecious annual herb Wysong, M.L. 406 Molokai BISH 2004-11-11
49 Amaranthus spinosus Ewa Beach; Chun's Pasture Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1956-12-15
50 Amaranthus spinosus Pohakea Trail Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 401 Oahu BISH 1982-05-27
51 Amaranthus spinosus Laie, Church College in front of Chemistry Lab Preserved_Specimen Luke, K. 26 Oahu BISH 1960-10-14
52 Amaranthus spinosus Lower Kipahulu Valley, area between upper pasture and the gauging station on Palakea Stream Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Maui BISH 1975-03-01
53 Amaranthus spinosus Manana Island, off Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
54 Amaranthus spinosus Kaneohe Bay Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-10-20
55 Amaranthus spinosus Church College of Hawaii Weed in gardens and along roadsides; widely distributed; with grasses, groundcover. Preserved_Specimen Herb. Beckham, N. 50 Oahu BISH 1967-04-15
56 Amaranthus spinosus Hauula Park Preserved_Specimen Vea, S. 10465 Oahu BISH 1977-04-02
57 Amaranthus spinosus South Kohala District. Collected east of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between Mauna Lani Drive and Puako turn off Dry area with scant vegetation; open grassland with scattered Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-02-04
58 Amaranthus spinosus East Maui, Makawao District, Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Kipuka at the head of the trail towards Pohaku Paea from the midstop along Makena-Keoneoio Road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. Preserved_Specimen Prickly. Abbott, I.A. 91.45 Maui BISH 1991-03-06
59 Amaranthus spinosus Kawainui Marsh, off Kapaa Quarry Road by airplane field and canal Soft mucky soil, medium to large stones, and non-degradable garbage. Heavily mowed and herbicided area left of airplane field. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous to woody at base shrub with alternate leaves on long petioles. Inflorescence a branched thyrse with many tiny flowers. Entire plant with many long spines. Large long tap root with many rootlets. Crago, L.M. 2005018 Oahu BISH 2005-01-21
60 Amaranthus spinosus Kahuku, roadside S of golf course Dispersed by water. Preserved_Specimen Annual 1-4' tall; spreading. Smith, M. 29 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
61 Amaranthus spinosus Hauula Scattered. Preserved_Specimen Herbs, scattered; leaves alternate; thorns all over. Hai, N. 52 Oahu BISH 1975-04-05
62 Amaranthus spinosus Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock near Ranch HW Common in disturbed areas. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Takeuchi, W.N. 5783 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
63 Amaranthus spinosus Kau District. Along Halape beach, some distance W of Halape shelter Growing on lava rock in open sunny area. Preserved_Specimen Herb ca. 1.5 m tall. Herat, T. 861 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-30
64 Amaranthus spinosus East Maui, Hana District; SE of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele Common in coastal pasture lands. Preserved_Specimen Spiny herb to 4'; stems and petioles reddish. Flynn, T.W. 2533 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
65 Amaranthus spinosus Honua, Kukaki Haole koa zone; clearing. Preserved_Specimen Small herb. Takeuchi, W.N. 3238 Oahu BISH 1986-12-01
66 Amaranthus spinosus Green Island Near septic tank. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 2804 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-08-15
67 Amaranthus spinosus 100 yds S of Kahuku Hospital Scattered. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous, stout stems, tough, erect, 1-3' high. McCulloch, R. 12 Oahu BISH 1975-04-11
68 Amaranthus spinosus Hulopoe Beach, behind In gullly. Preserved_Specimen 1m tall shrubs. Oppenheimer, H.L. 40124 Lanai BISH 2001-04-15
69 Amaranthus spinosus BYU-Hawaii, Laie Common but not abundant on hillside. Preserved_Specimen A much-branching leafy annual ca. 1' tall; lower parts woody, upper portions herby; leaves 0.5-2.0 long; monoecious; staminate; flower consists no petal; pistillate flower, 1 single pistil. Tiu, C. 9 Oahu BISH 1975-03-15
70 Amaranthus spinosus Kaneohe Cultivated; scattered. Preserved_Specimen Flower dark reddish brown. Kinikini, T.V. 66 Oahu BISH 1967-05-13
71 Amaranthus spinosus Kawainui Marsh, off Kapaa Quarry Road by airplane field and canal Soft mucky soil, medium to large stones, and non-degradable garbage. Heavily mowed and herbicided area left of airplane field. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous to woody at base shrub with alternate leaves on long petioles. Inflorescence a branched thyrse with many tiny flowers. Entire plant with many long spines. Large long tap root with many rootlets. Crago, L.M. 2005018 Oahu BISH 2005-01-21
72 Amaranthus spinosus PTBG, Lawai Valley Occasional to common in disturbed areas. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2024 Kauai BISH 1971-07-27
73 Amaranthus spinosus Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range Roadside along Coral Sea Road. With Boerhavia coccinea (779312, 779313, 779334), Chenopodium murale (779332), Alternanthera pungens (779333), and Cynodon dactylon (779134), and other grasses. Preserved_Specimen Spiny woody herb 30 cm tall. BISH staff 94 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
74 Amaranthus spinosus University of Hawaii campus, Honolulu; Manoa campus Common, ruderal weed. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb; 30-40 cm; flower green. Swarbrick, J.T. 36 Oahu BISH 1976-01-04
75 Amaranthus spinosus Kapapala Ranch, Kau District Growing beside jeep road with Andropogon glomeratus, Pennisetum clandestinum, and Psidium guajava Preserved_Specimen Succulent shrubby herb, 2 1/2' tall. Stems red. Cuddihy, L.W. 942 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-19
76 Amaranthus spinosus Kalihi Kai Collected along beach road; wet, coastal area is vegetated by adventives such as elephant grass, Ageratum, Sonchus, and Emilia sp. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 702 Kauai BISH 1990-05-03
77 Amaranthus spinosus Back of BYU-H campus, Laie Waste areas; old cultivated plot. Preserved_Specimen Sharp spines at base of each leaf. Ziegelbauer, K. 13 Oahu BISH 1975-02-06
78 Amaranthus spinosus [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Found associated w/Brassica, Ricinus, Abutilon and grasses; at end of road. Preserved_Specimen Weed herb to 4'; plant w/base of 1.5 diam., becoming woody; much branched, green-red; pair of spines found at lf bases. Male flws in long narrow terminal spikes, female flws at lf bases. Ishikawa, S. 136 Molokai BISH 1972-08-30
79 Amaranthus spinosus Along coastal and inland trail in Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Predominantly exotic vegetation. Area highly modified by ancient Polynesians. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 229 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-07
80 Amaranthus spinosus Cane Road, Kaamooloa, Waialua Common weed. Preserved_Specimen Herb to 3' tall; reddish stem, spines at leaf bases, flower spike. Afualo, D. 76 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
81 Amaranthus spinosus East of the weatherport, on ridge aboe the restoration plantings Sparse non-native scrubland w/ Pluchea indica dominant in gulches and open areas of lithified ash with nonnative grasses in open areas. W/Pluchea, Chloris radiata, Setaria ciliaris, Jacquemontia and Waltheria Preserved_Specimen Patches of plants on this ridge. 70 mature and 10 immature plants pulled and baggeed. Mostly immature fruit, some w/ mature fruit Tangalin, N. 1657 Lehua Rock BISH 2007-02-22
82 Amaranthus spinosus Kawainui Marsh, off Kapaa Quarry Road by airplane field and canal Soft mucky soil, medium to large stones, and non-degradable garbage. Heavily mowed and herbicided area left of airplane field. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous to woody at base shrub with alternate leaves on long petioles. Inflorescence a branched thyrse with many tiny flowers. Entire plant with many long spines. Large long tap root with many rootlets. Crago, L.M. 2005018 Oahu BISH 2005-01-21
83 Amaranthus spinosus Fern St. and McCully St Weed in sunny area along sidewalk Preserved_Specimen Infrequent Faccenda, K. 1798 Oahu BISH 2021-05-08
84 Amaranthus spinosus Koloa District. Cane field road from Koloa Sugar Mill to Mahaulepu Locally common, naturalized along cane field. Preserved_Specimen Coarse, spiny annual herb 1.5 m tall, stems pinkish distally. Lorence, D.H. 6616 Kauai BISH 1990-09-28
85 Amaranthus spinosus Wailua Game Reserve, above Wailua Vegetation on plots stripmined for bauxite ore in 1958-60. Area variously treated with lime and fertilizer. Now residual pasture. Plant of adjacent dump area now invading pasture area as seedlings. Preserved_Specimen Howard, R.A. 20264 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
86 Amaranthus spinosus Mokuauia Islet, Oahu in central part of island Preserved_Specimen Rare. A single plant found near sea grape trees in central part of island. Starr, F. 5022212 Oahu BISH 2007-02-22
87 Amaranthus spinosus 96720, Hilo, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 10/18/2007
88 Amaranthus spinosus Kapapala Ranch, Kau District OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 10/18/2007
89 Amaranthus spinosus Transect C5 from Smugglers' Cove to Kaukaukapapa Beach Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 78.077 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-26
90 Amaranthus spinosus 3 mi SE of Lahaina Alongside of highway. Preserved_Specimen Weedy herb to 4' tall; much branched; monoecious w/female infl found at lf axils; male infl terminal; entire plant w/tinges of red and green. Ishikawa, S. 155 Maui BISH 1972-10-13
91 Amaranthus spinosus Laie, BYU-Hawaii campus Preserved_Specimen A much-branching leafy annual 1' tall; lower parts woody, upper portion herby; leaves 0.5-2.0 long; flower; no petal. Lee, P. 29 Oahu BISH 1975-03-21
92 Amaranthus spinosus Queen's Beach off of Kalanianaole Hwy (Hwy 72) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4813 Oahu BISH 1983-06-04
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