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Heteropogon contortus

(L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Heteropogon

lule, pili, pili grass, tanglehead, twisted beardgrass

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials; culms tufted, erect, 4–10 dm tall, compressed, glabrous, often glaucous.

Stems:

Roots: Roots fibrous.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades 10-30 cm long, 3-7 mm wide. Surfaces pale bluish green, firm, flat to slightly involute, striate, scabrous. Veins parallel. Sheaths 6-10 cm long, compressed, keeled, glabrous or sparsely hispid at throat, usually glaucous; ligule a ciliate membrane ca. 1 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Racemes solitary at apex of flowering culm, secund, often slightly nodding, 4-7 cm long, the slender rachis continuous in the lower part, bearing pairs of staminate spikelets, the remainder disarticulating obliquely at base of each joint, the joint forming a sharp barbed callus below the fertile spikelet, the pedicellate spikelet readily falling; upper sessile spikelet ca. 7 mm long, slender, awns 5-12 cm long, bent, flexuous, often tangled, appressed pilose in lower part, scabrous toward apex; lower sessile spikelet and pedicellate spikelet ca. 10 mm long, first glume firm, asymmetrical, papillose-hispid near margins and the acuminate apex, overlapping and nearly concealing the sessile spikelets.

Fruit: Caryopsis terete; embryo ca. 1/2 as long as the grain; hilum basal; punctiform.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 39-44; 50; 60; ca. 69-80; 90

Habitat: Occurring on dry rocky cliffs; ledges; or slopes close to ocean exposure; on all of the main islands.

Elevation Range: 0–700 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (49)

Andropogon allionii DC. (1805)
Andropogon austrocaledonicus Vieill. (1862)
Andropogon bellardii Bubani (1873)
Andropogon besukiensis Steud. (1854)
Andropogon contortus L. (1753)
Andropogon contortus proles glaber (K.Richt.) P.Fourn. (1934)
Andropogon contortus subsp. allionii (DC.) Trab. (1895)
Andropogon contortus subsp. glaber K.Richt. (1890)
Andropogon contortus subvar. hispidissimus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon contortus subvar. roxburghii (Arn. ex Nees) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon contortus subvar. secundus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon contortus var. allionii (DC.) Hack. (1885)
Andropogon contortus var. breviaristatus Sennen (1932)
Andropogon contortus var. glaber (Hack.) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon contortus var. macroglumis Pilg. (1901)
Andropogon contortus var. maroccanus Maire (1928)
Andropogon firmus (J.Presl) Kunth (1833)
Andropogon glaber Raspail (1825)
Andropogon hispidissimus Steud. (1854)
Andropogon hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud. (1854)
Andropogon messanensis Biv. (1838)
Andropogon polystachyos Roxb. (1820)
Andropogon secundus Griseb. (1864)
Heteropogon allionii (DC.) Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Heteropogon allionii var. messanensis (Guss.) Lojac. (1909)
Heteropogon allionii var. secundus (Willd. ex Nees) Fiori (1896)
Heteropogon besukiensis (Steud.) Miq. (1857)
Heteropogon contortus subvar. secundus (Hack.) Domin (1915)
Heteropogon contortus var. allionii (DC.) Cuénod (1954)
Heteropogon contortus var. distichus C.E.C.Fisch. (1934)
Heteropogon contortus var. glaber Hack. (1883)
Heteropogon contortus var. hirtus Hack. (1883)
Heteropogon contortus var. hispidissimus (Hack.) M.R.Almeida (2014)
Heteropogon contortus var. polystachyos (Roxb.) Deshp. (1990)
Heteropogon fertilis B.S.Sun & S.Wang (1999)
Heteropogon firmus J.Presl (1830)
Heteropogon fischerianus Bor (1951)
Heteropogon glaber Pers. (1807)
Heteropogon glaber var. messanensis (Guss.) Nyman (1882)
Heteropogon hirsutus P.Beauv. (1812)
Heteropogon hirtus Pers. (1807)
Heteropogon hirtus var. glaber (Hack.) Rendle (1899)
Heteropogon hispidissimus Hochst. ex Steud. (1854)
Heteropogon hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq. (1851)
Heteropogon messanensis (Biv.) Guss. (1843)
Heteropogon polystachyos (Roxb.) Schult. (1824)
Heteropogon roxburghii Arn. ex Nees (1841)
Holcus contortus (L.) Stuck. (1904)
Sorghum contortum (L.) Kuntze (1891)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Black dye made from charcoal of leaf blades

  • Favorite plant for main thatch of buildings (Malo 1951:23,121,124); sometimes used on hula altars (kuahu) (Pukui 1942).

  • Pili is an ancillary ingredient to treat ‘ea or pa‘ao‘ao. The ashes of ‘awa sediment (Piper methysticum) are mixed with pili and blacked kukui nut (Aleurites moluccana). The items are mixed together and then smeared on tongue. Applications are done 3-5 times a day until the infection is gone (Chun 1994:54–55).

CULTURE

  • Lau o ke pili ko‘u hale ia line in "Pa‘ahana" (Elbert & Mahoe 1970)

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Kaho'olawe Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 836 (1817)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1550 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Wood & LeGrande 2006:26 (Le)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Heteropogon contortus Honolulu, Manoa, Wilder Ave. along the H1 near University Ave Crack between road and dividing wall. Sunny area Preserved_Specimen Recruiting from Coll #1994 which was planted. These plants were certainly not planted. There were probably 30 plants scattered along the road growing from the edge of a wall Faccenda, K. 1997 Oahu BISH 2021-06-15
2 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae, North Kohala Dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Abundant Hosaka, E.Y. 1557 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-31
3 Heteropogon contortus Mokulua, S islet, Kailua Grassy slope. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12897 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
4 Heteropogon contortus Waimea District. Kawaiele Waterbird Sanctuary Coastal wetlands. W/ Vigna marina, Heliotropium curassavicum, Bacopa monnieri, Nama sandwicensis, Waltheria indica, Sida fallax Preserved_Specimen About 2 foot tall clump. In fruit. Walsh, S. 786 Kauai BISH 2021-01-07
5 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae Dry rocky situation. Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4123 Hawaii BISH 1936-04-05
6 Heteropogon contortus Kaalipuaa Ledges on sunny basalt cliff. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23578 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
7 Heteropogon contortus Kamoamoa Pahoehoe lava by sea. Preserved_Specimen Smith, C.W. 157 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-03
8 Heteropogon contortus Land of Kamoku, at the head of Kalamanui Gulch. Growing in a dry, disturbed area at the head of Kalamanui Gulch. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6318 Lanai BISH 1979-02-19
9 Heteropogon contortus Kalanipuu, Niumalu On steep, rather protected dry rocky slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13989 Kauai BISH 1934-01-02
10 Heteropogon contortus Puu Koae Islet Common on steep W slope. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1944 Kahoolawe BISH 1984-02-11
11 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae Rd Dry pasture. Preserved_Specimen Perennial. Ewart III, G.R. 336 Hawaii BISH 1934-03-02
12 Heteropogon contortus Koko Crater, Maunalua Pebbly lower slopes. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9134 Oahu BISH 1933-01-27
13 Heteropogon contortus just above the beach of Milolii on the Na Pali Coast Found with Cynodon dactylon and Sporobolus virginicus. Preserved_Specimen Scattered in small bunches. Clarke, G. 459 Kauai BISH 1979-07-19
14 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head crater Dry slopes. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1444 Oahu BISH 1931-01-22
15 Heteropogon contortus Kulepeamoa Ridge. Small hilltop with no canopy next to mass wasting/bare slope. With Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, introduced ground orchids, low Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Grass. Relict population, only ~12 individuals Walvoord, N. 2024002 Oahu BISH 2024-01-20
16 Heteropogon contortus Kamoku, above Kaumalapau Harbor Exposed, dry area. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5766 Lanai BISH 1976-03-29
17 Heteropogon contortus W Maui, at McGregor Pt lighthouse, on rd to Lahaina Dominant in grassland on arid dry hills on lava cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 515 Maui BISH 1967-08-06
18 Heteropogon contortus Koloa District, Lawai Valley, above NTBG Secondary scrub vegetation on valley walls along top of ridge w/ Bidens & Stachytarpheta. Preserved_Specimen Clumping grass. Flynn, T.W. 3401 Kauai BISH 1989-05-15
19 Heteropogon contortus Hills above Kahuku Point, Koolauloa District Common on windswept summits of ridges, in assoc w/Osteomeles, Cassia leschenaultiana, Chrysopogon aciculatus. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3939 Oahu BISH 1988-12-27
20 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head, Na Laau Naturally on the kula. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 7 Oahu BISH 1953-01-28
21 Heteropogon contortus Nohili, Barking Sands, STARS (Strategic Target System) site. Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Kauai BISH 1990-07-29
22 Heteropogon contortus Kuapa, E Oahu Dry ridge. Preserved_Specimen Brown, F.B.H. 1315 Oahu BISH 1924-08-23
23 Heteropogon contortus Located down Chain of Craters Rd ca. 25.9 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/ Crater Rim Rd, 100 m WNW of hwy pulloff. (plot 28) Dwarf shrub-Heteropogon savanna community. Preserved_Specimen Grass ca 1 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 587 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-26
24 Heteropogon contortus Kahoolawe All parts of island except wind-swept bare areas. Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 744 Kahoolawe BISH 1931-02-19
25 Heteropogon contortus W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 1600 ft in a dry shrub and grassland with Dodonaea, Gouania hillebrandii, Eragrostis, Sida, Lipochaeta spp., Bidens spp., Canthium, Alyxia, and alien grasses and herbs Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1353 Maui BISH 1991-10-26
26 Heteropogon contortus Koolau Mts, S end, Aina Haina Valley, W side Grass of exposed ledges. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1266 Oahu BISH 1956-05-10
27 Heteropogon contortus Northern Lanai, about 10 km NW of city. Dry, open, sunny area. On soil which is too shallow for the otherwise dominant Urochloa maxima to grow. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon in area. Faccenda, K. 3172 Lanai BISH 2023-06-22
28 Heteropogon contortus Kaaha, below Kaone Growing near sea coast. Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 550 Hawaii BISH 1943-05-14
29 Heteropogon contortus N Kohala, Waimea, Lalamilo, Range Paddock Forming nice growth in dry rocky place. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2116 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-01
30 Heteropogon contortus Kohala Ditch Trail Cliff side, rocky. Preserved_Specimen Erect, 1 m ht. Lee, H.A. 100 Hawaii BISH 1924-10-20
31 Heteropogon contortus Kaunolu Bay On arid, lava black & clay plain. Preserved_Specimen Ubiquitous. Degener, O. 30223 Lanai BISH 1964-01-21
32 Heteropogon contortus Outer NE side of Diamond Head Crater W/ Bidens pilosa, Eragrostis variabilis, Rhynchelytrum repens. Dry. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 56 Oahu BISH 1966-04-10
33 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Beach Slopy situation. Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4007 Oahu BISH 1935-12-21
34 Heteropogon contortus NE Lanai, Halulu Gulch Common grass on dry, rocky slopes, growing with Chamaecrista, Waltheria, Sida fallax, Lantana, other introduced grasses. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 200238 Lanai BISH 2002-07-22
35 Heteropogon contortus Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts On dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 772 Oahu BISH 1932-09-25
36 Heteropogon contortus Kaeo Cliffs, W Molokai On slopes just back from tops of cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate. Fosberg, F.R. 29587 Molokai BISH 1948-02-22
37 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae Dry rocky situation. Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4123 Hawaii BISH 1936-04-05
38 Heteropogon contortus Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 8 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
39 Heteropogon contortus East Maui, Hana District, Ka Iwi O Pele Secondary forest dominated by Hibiscus, Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Schinus & Ardisia. Steep NE slope, occasional on open, cliff areas. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2626 Maui BISH 1987-11-13
40 Heteropogon contortus below rim on S slopes Preserved_Specimen early flower and fruit Wood, K.R. 12180 Lehua Rock BISH 2006-10-07
41 Heteropogon contortus Honolulu, Punchbowl Rocky hillside. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14069 Oahu BISH 1916-07-19
42 Heteropogon contortus Makawao District, SW coast near Hanakanaea. Near Navy Base Prosopis-Cenchrus lowland dry forest; assoc plants...Jacquemontia ovalifolia, Tragus berteronianus, Gossypium tomentosum, Boerhavia repens, Macroptilium lathyroides, Sida fallax, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium murale, Atriplex semibaccata, Ipomoea cairica, Chamaesyce hirta, Abutilon incanum, Heteropogon contortus, Bothriochloa pertusa, Waltheria indica. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 1655 Kahoolawe BISH 1992-02-24
43 Heteropogon contortus Kaunakakai Preserved_Specimen Native pili, Grows lin [sic] to 1000 feet, perrenial, valuable in that it. [illegible] to light [illegible]. Plants first leaf when other plants are dry. 13 & 14 grows with it scattered through and furnish [illegible] vareity when this take up most of th Munro, G.C. 17 Molokai BISH 1903-01-01
44 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head crater Preserved_Specimen Herb. St.John, H. 1335 Oahu BISH 1930-05-11
45 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae Dry rocky situation near sealevel Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4133 Hawaii BISH 1936-04-05
46 Heteropogon contortus Nokukano Development Site makai of the belt road in Capt. Cook Pili grass is common on the rocky ridges and along the farm roads on this site. It grows along with many other grasses and weeds. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-01
47 Heteropogon contortus Makawao Preserved_Specimen Von Tempsky, L. 41 Maui BISH 1903-03-01
48 Heteropogon contortus Kapalama Ridge Preserved_Specimen Height up tp 130 cm, panicle up to 75+ cm long. Brown, F.B.H. 1279 Oahu BISH 1925-12-14
49 Heteropogon contortus Kaohai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 208 Lanai BISH 1913-09-16
50 Heteropogon contortus Koko Head, Maunalua District Dry, rocky hillside. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1933-03-25
51 Heteropogon contortus Below Canyon Rd. terrestrial grass, abundant in area Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 14618 Kauai BISH 2011-04-20
52 Heteropogon contortus Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 109 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
53 Heteropogon contortus S Kona Lower slopes of cliff near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 6 Hawaii BISH 1950-09-17
54 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Crater Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611216012 Oahu BISH 1961-12-16
55 Heteropogon contortus Ke Kuaaina Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Oahu BISH 1961-12-02
56 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Rd Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 66 Oahu BISH 1919-11-11
57 Heteropogon contortus Along trail from Pakala main rd to 1920 flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1881 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-20
58 Heteropogon contortus Molokini Islet Preserved_Specimen 1-3 ft ht, caespitose. Palmer, H. 14 Maui BISH 1925-08-13
59 Heteropogon contortus Nounou Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 594 Kauai BISH 1916-10-16
60 Heteropogon contortus Waiahukini Plants growing along coast & amongst archeological sites. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10195 Hawaii BISH 1984-03-25
61 Heteropogon contortus Koko Crater Park Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611127001 Oahu BISH 1961-11-27
62 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae, Kaiopae, coastal transect Cliffs above sea, alien vegetation, Prosopis forest w/ open shrubland & grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris, Jacquemontia, Portulaca pilosa, Sida fallax, Waltheria. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 10308 Hawaii BISH 1989-07-17
63 Heteropogon contortus Milolii Beach Preserved_Specimen Grass Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1984-07-16
64 Heteropogon contortus Awalua Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 7 Lanai BISH 1961-03-22
65 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Rd Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 66 Oahu BISH 1919-11-11
66 Heteropogon contortus Wilhelmina Rise Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2395 Oahu BISH 1916-08-07
67 Heteropogon contortus Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 8 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
68 Heteropogon contortus Kau; Keamoku flow, S part Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 574 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-18
69 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head, N & NW rim Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3220 Oahu BISH 1960-03-05
70 Heteropogon contortus Waikaloa Village Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 358 Hawaii BISH 1990-06-21
71 Heteropogon contortus Ukumehame, Papawai Pt, 1 mi S of lahaina & Maalaea rd jct Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 346 Maui BISH 1951-12-29
72 Heteropogon contortus Kealakomo, nr rd, plot 28 Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 660627042 Hawaii BISH 1966-06-27
73 Heteropogon contortus Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 8 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
74 Heteropogon contortus Transect C3-from spotting tower to area E & above Waikahalulu Bay Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 78.051 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-24
75 Heteropogon contortus Waimea Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2522 Kauai BISH 1895-10-23
76 Heteropogon contortus West Maui, near tunnel between McGregor Point and Olowalu Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620414017 Maui BISH 1962-04-14
77 Heteropogon contortus Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 109 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
78 Heteropogon contortus Mokulua (N Island), Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6000 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
79 Heteropogon contortus Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 1350 Maui BISH 1909-08-01
80 Heteropogon contortus Pololu Valley, N Kohala District Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25490 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-30
81 Heteropogon contortus Kaohai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 95 Lanai BISH 1913-09-16
82 Heteropogon contortus Heteropogon prairie, Manoa District Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7292 Oahu BISH 1934-08-26
83 Heteropogon contortus University Ave., near campus, University of Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 3870 Oahu BISH 1935-11-15
84 Heteropogon contortus Near old Kalapana Trail above Holei Pali Preserved_Specimen Smith, C.W. 162 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-03
85 Heteropogon contortus Beside rd up Makapuu Head Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 495 Oahu BISH 1948-03-14
86 Heteropogon contortus Between Ilio Point and main road Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Molokai BISH 1982-05-17
87 Heteropogon contortus [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
88 Heteropogon contortus Kalihi Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. Oahu BISH 1920-01-01
89 Heteropogon contortus Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
90 Heteropogon contortus Foot of plateau, SE Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
91 Heteropogon contortus Molokini Islet Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Maui BISH 1913-02-10
92 Heteropogon contortus Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Andersson, N.J. Oahu BISH 1852-01-01
93 Heteropogon contortus Lanikai Hills, trail from Country Club, about halfway to highest point Preserved_Specimen Jacobson, J.D. Oahu BISH 1990-12-30
94 Heteropogon contortus Shipwreck Beach, N end Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Lanai BISH 1979-02-19
95 Heteropogon contortus Rabbit Island Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
96 Heteropogon contortus Manele Bay, half mile N, along coast Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Lanai BISH 1979-02-18
97 Heteropogon contortus Kawaihae Preserved_Specimen Ripperton, J.C. Hawaii BISH 1931-02-20
98 Heteropogon contortus Waialae Nui Ridge, Halekoa Drive ca. 280 feet above Halekoa Place. Preserved_Specimen Allison, A. Oahu BISH 2017-09-08
99 Heteropogon contortus 5 mi SW of Kihei Road on Honoapiilani Hwy. Preserved_Specimen Stonedahl, G.M. Maui BISH 1984-03-04
100 Heteropogon contortus Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-06-11
101 Heteropogon contortus Shipwreck Beach, N end Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Lanai BISH 1979-02-19
102 Heteropogon contortus Southeast slopes of Koko Crater, just above Kalanianaole Hwy, near Halona Point in small gulch Preserved_Specimen Ziegler, M.F. Oahu BISH 1987-04-25
103 Heteropogon contortus N part of Lanai Arid slope. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28305 Lanai BISH 1963-08-09
104 Heteropogon contortus Molokini Islet Preserved_Specimen Richardson, F. Maui BISH 1954-06-01
105 Heteropogon contortus Koko Head, Maunalua Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.H. Oahu BISH 1933-03-25
106 Heteropogon contortus Kahoolawe Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Kahoolawe BISH 1913-03-10
107 Heteropogon contortus Southeast slopes of Koko Crater, just above Kalanianaole Hwy, near Halona Point in small gulch Preserved_Specimen Ziegler, M.F. Oahu BISH 1987-04-25
108 Heteropogon contortus Kaali Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
109 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Beach Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Oahu BISH 1903-12-06
110 Heteropogon contortus Kanapou Bay Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Kahoolawe BISH
111 Heteropogon contortus unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 306 BISH 1864-01-01
112 Heteropogon contortus unknown Preserved_Specimen Carpentis, C.W. 24 BISH 1918-01-01
113 Heteropogon contortus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6179 BISH 1910-04-01
114 Heteropogon contortus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6179 BISH 1910-04-01
115 Heteropogon contortus Miki Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 289 Lanai BISH 1928-02-06
116 Heteropogon contortus East Maui, Waiopai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1847 Maui BISH 1920-03-05
117 Heteropogon contortus Waimea Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2522 Kauai BISH 1895-10-23
118 Heteropogon contortus W end of Molokai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6179 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
119 Heteropogon contortus Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4685 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-01
120 Heteropogon contortus Waimea Canyon Dr, rd below Panini Hts On loose soil below rd, w/ Digitaria & Bidens. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2708 Kauai BISH 1988-01-27
121 Heteropogon contortus Koko Head, Maunalua Dry ridge. Preserved_Specimen Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1931-04-27
122 Heteropogon contortus Kailua Dry ridge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9956 Oahu BISH 1929-10-27
123 Heteropogon contortus NE Lanai, Halulu Gulch, gulch slope On dry, rocky gulch slope with Heteropogon contortus, Waltheria. Uncommon. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 200236 Lanai BISH 2002-07-22
124 Heteropogon contortus Area #1 Dry, full sun, common in area mainly under trees & in gulches. Preserved_Specimen Grass 2-4 ft ht. Palmer, D.D. 7 Lanai BISH 1981-09-10
125 Heteropogon contortus Above Halona Point Bunchgrass community, codominant species is Eragrostis variabilis. Preserved_Specimen Majority of population in fertile condition. Takeuchi, W.N. 39 Oahu BISH 1984-01-02
126 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head slopes near Fort Ruger Arid land. Preserved_Specimen Weber, P.W. Oahu BISH 1947-12-25
127 Heteropogon contortus Ahupuaa of Waikiki, ili aina of Niu. Kulepeamoa ridge on ridge crest. Growing in dry shrubland with Dodonaea viscosa, Neltuma pallida, Urochloa maxima, Leucaenea leucocephala, Eragrostis variabilis, Osteomeles anthyllydifolia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Sida fallax, Coleus australis, and others. Preserved_Specimen Dense clusters of plants along trail and in rocky areas. Thomas, M.K. 918 Oahu BISH 2024-11-19
128 Heteropogon contortus Lagoon Rd. near the Honolulu airport, end of road Along road, dry, sunny spot Preserved_Specimen Large wild population here, definitely not planted. Never have I seen this so dominant in a disturbed area. Many plants were growing from cracks in sidewalks and were dominant in areas Faccenda, K. 3019 Oahu BISH 2023-01-20
129 Heteropogon contortus Makua Valley Fairly gentle slope. Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4063 Oahu BISH 1935-11-17
130 Heteropogon contortus Maunalua Dry ridge. Preserved_Specimen Chong, M. Oahu BISH 1933-03-25
131 Heteropogon contortus Honolulu, Manoa, on ramp to the H1 off of University Ave Sunny, dry, exposed area Preserved_Specimen I believe these were planted by UH several years ago as a hydroseeding experiment Faccenda, K. 1994 Oahu BISH 2021-06-15
132 Heteropogon contortus Nualolo Kai, Waimea District On talus slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26677 Kauai BISH 1965-04-23
133 Heteropogon contortus 1.4 mi from Waikoloa substation along powerline On lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4723 Hawaii BISH 1982-11-20
134 Heteropogon contortus S ridge of Launiupoko Valley Dry grassy slopes. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17707 Maui BISH 1936-12-20
135 Heteropogon contortus Rabbit Island Sloping, open, arid hillside. Preserved_Specimen Erect clumps 3/4 m ht. Lee, H.A. 316 Oahu BISH 1927-06-05
136 Heteropogon contortus Waimanu Trail, on outer western slope of Waipio valley, Hamakua District Growing trailside with Lantana camara, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, and Euphorbia celastroides Preserved_Specimen Bunchgrass, about 1 1/2 ft. tall Cuddihy, L.W. 787 Hawaii BISH 1981-03-28
137 Heteropogon contortus Green Beach, Kaulani, Kau District Basalt ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25389 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
138 Heteropogon contortus Kahoolawe All parts of island except wind-swept bare areas. Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 744 Kahoolawe BISH 1931-02-19
139 Heteropogon contortus Kaluakoi Gulch, Kaluakoi Common in pasture. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12461 Molokai BISH 1932-12-22
140 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Open hillside, leeward. Preserved_Specimen 0.5 m ht. Lee, H.A. 35 Oahu BISH 1924-08-01
141 Heteropogon contortus Mokulua, N islet, Kailua Grassy slope. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12916 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
142 Heteropogon contortus Koko Head Dry slopes. Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 190 Oahu BISH 1931-04-27
143 Heteropogon contortus Near Bishop Museum wasteland Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4007 Oahu BISH 1935-12-28
144 Heteropogon contortus Mauna O Umi. on windward facing, rocky slope of hill. Vegetation: Dodonaea dry shrubland, w/Heteropogon, Wikistromia, Waltheria, Acacia farnesiana, Sida, Opuntia, Botriochloa, Tetramelopium, Melanthera, Leucaena. Preserved_Specimen Locally common Oppenheimer, H.L. 10918 Lanai BISH 2009-01-20
145 Heteropogon contortus Ukumehame, Papawai Pt Dry, rocky headland w/ Wikstroemia, Lantana, Lipochaeta. On rocks. Preserved_Specimen Scattered tufts 1/3 m ht, 1/4 m wide. Woolford, H.A. 68 Maui BISH 1955-12-18
146 Heteropogon contortus W Maui, Olowalu, Olowalu stream, game Management area, unit G Olowalu stream Preserved_Specimen Perennial grass to 30cm Annable, C.R. 3911 Maui BISH 1999-02-12
147 Heteropogon contortus Gulch E of Puu Kaupakuhale, Puu kaala, Waianae Mt On dry ridge. Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
148 Heteropogon contortus Bluff above Kaena Pt Bare, rocky hillside. Preserved_Specimen Caespitose. Fosberg, F.R. 13155 Oahu BISH 1936-05-31
149 Heteropogon contortus South Kohala District. Collected east of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between Mauna Lani Drive and Puako turn off Dry area with scant vegetation; open grassland with scattered Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 17 Hawaii BISH 1991-02-04
150 Heteropogon contortus Diamond Head Leeward, dry hillside. Preserved_Specimen 0.6 m ht, flowers green w/ blackish awns. Merrill 6 Oahu BISH 1924-08-15
151 Heteropogon contortus Rabbit Island Sloping, open, arid hillside. Preserved_Specimen Erect clumps 3/4 m ht. Lee, H.A. 316 Oahu BISH 1927-06-05
152 Heteropogon contortus Lehua Rock Scattered to dense vegetation of shrubs Pluchea spp. & herbs Jacquemontia, Ageratum, Sicyos, & grasses. Occasional on S slope. Preserved_Specimen Grass w/ culms forming dense clumps. Lorence, D.H. 7131 Lehua Rock BISH 1992-01-10
153 Heteropogon contortus Honolulu; Honolulu District: Koko Head Common on E slope, & betw craters, on small puu above Nonoula, Portlock side & along steep prtion of jeep trail down Kuamookane. Preserved_Specimen Bruegmann, M.M. 109 Oahu BISH 1983-12-03
154 Heteropogon contortus Honopu Beach Growing near top of sand dune along with Scaevola taccada. Preserved_Specimen 2-3 ft. in height ESP Field Crew 24 Kauai BISH 1979-07-20
155 Heteropogon contortus Kekaha On dry cliff side-open. Preserved_Specimen Erect 1 m ht, black awns. Lee, H.A. 238 Kauai BISH 1925-11-22
156 Heteropogon contortus McGregor Point lighthouse, on road to Lahaina Dominant in grassland on arid dry hills on lava cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 515 Maui BISH 1967-08-06
157 Heteropogon contortus Located down Chain of Craters Rd ca. 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/ Crater Rim Rd, 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area. NW side of rd near a rd pulloff. (plot 29) Heteropogon grassland community. Preserved_Specimen Grass ca 1 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 978 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-24
158 Heteropogon contortus Mokolii Scattered over much of the island from the coast to the summit. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041969 Oahu BISH 2005-04-19
159 Heteropogon contortus Near visitor center & main ruins, Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. Parking lot Predominantly exotic vegetation, area highly modified by ancient Polynesians. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10296 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
160 Heteropogon contortus Maunalua, Koko Head, Kawaihoa Dry lowland area near shore. Preserved_Specimen Culms 40 cm high, pleasant odor, brown. Narrow crowded spikes, spikelets overlapping each other. Chock, A.K. 190 Oahu BISH 1950-05-23
161 Heteropogon contortus Kawaewae Top of cliff, in basalt crevice. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22738 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
162 Heteropogon contortus Manana (Rabbit) Island Cinder slope. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12816 Oahu BISH 1936-01-18
163 Heteropogon contortus Located down Chain of Craters Rd ca. 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/ Crater Rim Rd, 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area. NW side of rd near a rd pulloff. (plot 29) Heteropogon grassland community. Preserved_Specimen Grass ca 1 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 380 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-11
164 Heteropogon contortus Koko Head Dry open ridge. Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 285 Oahu BISH 1931-11-11
165 Heteropogon contortus Kohala Ditch Trail Cliff side, rocky. Preserved_Specimen Erect, 1 m ht. Lee, H.A. 100 Hawaii BISH 1924-10-20
166 Heteropogon contortus Koko Crater, SE slopes just above Kalanianaole Hwy near Halona Point In small gulch. Preserved_Specimen Ziegler, M.F. Oahu BISH 1987-04-25
167 Heteropogon contortus Molokini Islet Rare. A few clumps on SE back slope, near coast. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 6040530 Maui BISH 2006-04-05
168 Heteropogon contortus Mahaulepu, Puu Pihakapa Occasional in dry, rocky, steep pasture land. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2347 Kauai BISH 1972-01-28
169 Heteropogon contortus Ukumehame, Papawai Pt Dry, rocky headland w/ Wikstroemia, Lantana, Lipochaeta. On rocks. Preserved_Specimen Scattered tufts 1/3 m ht, 1/4 m wide. Woolford, H.A. 68 Maui BISH 1955-12-18
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