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Cyanea hardyi

Rock (1917)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Branched shrubs or trees 1–7 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to oblanceolate, blades 18–28 cm long, 2.5–5 cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate. Base attenuate into a winged petiole. Upper surfaces green, glabrous; lower surfaces pale green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent along the midrib. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 2.5–6 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 15–30–flowered, axillary, pendent, peduncles 60–240 mm long, rachis 20–100 mm long, pedicels 8–12 mm long; hypanthium obconical, 3–5 mm long, 2–4 mm wide. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes dentiform, 0.5–1 mm long, distinct or rarely connate, apex acute to acuminate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, purplish to blackish purple, 20–26 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, glabrous, the tube suberect, the lobes connate, spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries purple; globose; 8–10 mm long. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic valleys and diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 425–790 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 236 (1917)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:452 (K); Lammers 2004:100 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Relic Metrosideros mixed mesic forest w/ Acacia koaia, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria mariniana, Bobea elatior, Rockia sandwicensis, Bidens forbesii, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Freycinetia arborea, Psydrax odorata, Schie Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4.5 m tall, 9 cm diameter near base, trunk light gray-brown, in flower and fruit, flower lobes whitish tinged purple, branched, vigorous, w/ purple fruit, also has qualities of C. coriacea, need further study, occasional. Wood, K.R. 18619 Kauai BISH 2021-01-07
2 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen single stemmed, racemes pendent; fruit purple Christensen, C. 3 Kauai BISH 1976-05-08
3 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen purplish form Degener, O. 21738 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
4 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 6', single stem; leaves waxy; flower purple Perlman, S. 10 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
5 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Trees to 10 ft. tall, usually single stemmed. Flowers dark purple. Christensen, C. 2 Kauai BISH 1976-04-18
6 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 694 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
7 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Trees to 10 ft. tall, usually single stemmed. Flowers dark purple. Christensen, C. 2 Kauai BISH 1976-04-18
8 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 8' x 3 cm shrub Perlman, S. 209 Kauai BISH 1978-07-19
9 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21739 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
10 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 33 Kauai BISH 1909-07-10
11 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen purplish form Degener, O. 21738 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
12 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 8' x 3 cm shrub Perlman, S. 209 Kauai BISH 1978-07-19
13 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 638 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
14 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 2 Kauai BISH 1976-04-18
15 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen flowers dark purple on long racemes Christensen, C. 4 Kauai BISH 1976-05-08
16 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12765 Kauai BISH 1916-10-18
17 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On steep bank, above cliff in NE upper valley. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3251 Kauai BISH 1990-08-18
18 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 16 Kauai BISH 1978-04-26
19 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hardy, W.V. 12767 Kauai BISH 1915-11-01
20 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12765 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
21 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. Kauai BISH 1979-05-28
22 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
23 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
24 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
25 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
26 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hardy, W.V. 12767 Kauai BISH 1915-11-01
27 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hardy, W.V. 12767 Kauai BISH 1915-11-01
28 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH
29 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details lower forest Preserved_Specimen large peduncle Degener, O. 21739 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
30 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 665 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
31 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12766 Kauai BISH 1916-10-26
32 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hardy, W.V. 12767 Kauai BISH 1915-11-01
33 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 634 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
34 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 344 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
35 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diplazium, Deparia Preserved_Specimen 5' shrub, single stem; leaves dark, semi glossy green above with whitish green midrib, below silvery, whitish green with yellow green midrib; inflorescence pendulous, fruit erect Flynn, T.W. 3229 Kauai BISH 1988-12-07
36 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details steep slope; with Nesoluma polynesicum, Diospyros sandwicensis, Metrosideros, Psychotria, Pleomele aurea, Rauvolfia, Bidens, Hibiscus kokio, Pouteria, Pritchardia, Pittosporum, Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Bobea elatior, Lantana Preserved_Specimen 6-8'; flower and fruit Perlman, S. 15455 Kauai BISH 1996-07-02
37 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Relic Metrosideros mixed mesic forest w/ Acacia koaia, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria mariniana, Bobea elatior, Rockia sandwicensis, Bidens forbesii, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Freycinetia arborea, Psydrax odorata, Schie Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 m tall, branched, vigorous, w/ purple fruit, also has qualities of C. coriacea, need further study, occasional. Wood, K.R. 18618 Kauai BISH 2021-01-07
38 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliff face in gully above cliff in NE upper valley. Preserved_Specimen Two plants. Hobdy, R.W. 3250 Kauai BISH 1990-08-18
39 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Flueggia, Pteralyxia, Exocarpos, Kokia, Neraudia, Santalum, Charpentiera, Pritchardia, Nototrichium, Chamaesyce, Hedyotis, Dubautia, Melicope, Festuca, Bidens, Lipochaeta, Panicum Preserved_Specimen 2 m unbranched shrub; flowers pendant, cororlla purple and white striped Wood, K.R. 1759 Kauai BISH 1992-04-01
40 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aleurites, Psidium, Diospyros, Myrsine, Chamaesyce, Pipturus, Isodendrion, Cyanea, Pleomele, Hibiscus; cliff bank over stream Preserved_Specimen 2.3 m, single trunk; fruit pendantly clustered around base of lower leaves Wood, K.R. 354 Kauai BISH 1990-06-07
41 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details shaded, dry embankment Preserved_Specimen 6', unbranched, light brown bark and glossy, dark green foliage; milky sap; staminal filament deep purple, anters purple black; stigma yellow green; ovary, base of corolla and calyx deep purple to paler at distal end; deep purple ribs; inner corolla pale; raceme green; odorless Herbst, D.R. 1058 Kauai BISH 1968-04-17
42 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details shaded, dry embankment Preserved_Specimen 6', unbranched, light brown bark and glossy, dark green foliage; milky sap; staminal filament deep purple, anters purple black; stigma yellow green; ovary, base of corolla and calyx deep purple to paler at distal end; deep purple ribs; inner corolla pale; raceme green; odorless Herbst, D.R. 1058 Kauai BISH 1968-04-17
43 Cyanea hardyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Relic Metrosideros mixed mesic forest w/ Acacia koaia, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria mariniana, Bobea elatior, Rockia sandwicensis, Bidens forbesii, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Freycinetia arborea, Psydrax odorata, Schie Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4 m tall. Multi-branched, with immature and mature fruit turning purple, trees occasional in area, also has qualities of C. coriacea, need further study, occasional. Wood, K.R. 18625 Kauai BISH 2021-01-07
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