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Viola maviensis

H.Mann (1867)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Dwarf subshrubs.

Stems: Stems nearly erect to ascending, 3–8 dm long, short internodes of leafy portions alternating with elongate internodes of rhizomatous portion, unbranched or branched from near base, also sometimes producing slender, short, stolon-like innovations, glabrous.

Roots: Rhizomatous.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered on short, exposed stem portions, soft–coriaceous. Blades broadly ovate to ovate–suborbicular or rarely subcordate, 1.5–9 cm long, 1–2(–2.8) cm wide. Apex obtuse to bluntly acuminate. Base broadly cuneate or rarely subtruncate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins callose–serrate, the teeth slightly incurved. Petioles as long as or longer than blades, 0.8–6.5 cm long. Stipules thin, deltate–ovate to ovate, 5–12 mm long, margins fimbriate, the lateral teeth (1–)1.5–4 mm long, apical teeth usually longer.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, (1)2(–5) per peduncle, on peduncle-like scapes consisting of 1 to several leafless internodes, peduncles (25–)30–150(–250) mm long or perhaps even longer, pedicels subequal in a single inflorescence, (10–)15–55 mm long; bracteoles above middle. Flowers fragrant, apparently all chasmogamous, bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 5 sepals, subequal, narrowly deltate–lanceolate, imbricate, upper one 6–7 mm long, lateral ones ca. 5.3–8 mm long, lower ones ca. 5.5–7 mm long, glabrous, prolonged into appendages below the point of insertion, persistent. Corolla zygomorphic, consisting of 5 distinct petals, these unequal, lateral ones smaller than upper pair, petals dark violet with paler tinges to pale blue or rarely nearly white, upper ones 12–14 mm long, lateral ones ca. 13–15 mm long, lower one ca. 15–16 mm long. Stamens 5, 3.5–4 mm long, connective of lower ones prolonged into a rhombic structure 1.3–1.5 mm long, staminal filaments coherent around ovary; anther connective of lower Stamens prolonged into an appendage, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules numerous per placenta, placentation parietal, anatropous; style 1.

Fruit: Capsules with loculicidal dehiscence; 9–12 mm long; elastically dehiscent by rigid keels and thin valve walls. Seeds numerous; obovoid; ca. 1.8–2 mm long; ca. 1–1.2 mm in diameter; seed coat somewhat leathery; dull; apex rounded; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 82; 85; 86

Habitat: Open bogs or rarely bog margins.

Elevation Range: 1,220–2,010 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Only found in cultivation
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 150 (1867)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1336 (Mo, M, H)

Occurrences (292)

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