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Aleurites moluccanus

(L.) Willd. (1805)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Aleurites

candlenut, candlenut tree, kukui, kukui nut, tutui

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Spreading trees 10–20 m tall.

Stems: Branches pubescent with stellate hairs at least on younger parts with watery sap.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades variable in shape, broadly ovate to rhomboid, cordate, or lanceolate, (7–)14–40(–61) cm long, (2.5–)8–15(–31) cm wide. Apex long-acuminate. Base truncate, cordate, or sometimes broadly cuneate. Surfaces usually pale green, pubescent with stellate hairs, especially on lower surfaces and when young. Margins 3–5(–7)-lobed or rarely unlobed. Petioles (5.5–)10–16(–19) cm long. Stipules present but quickly deciduous.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal, paniculate cymes usually 10–15 cm long, pubescent with stellate hairs. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 2–3-lobed, hood-like in bud, rupturing irregularly along the valves at anthesis staminate flowers with Calyx ca. 3 mm long; pistillate flowers with calyx ca. 6 mm long. Corolla of 5 petals, imbricate or contorted; staminate flowers petals white, 6–8 mm long; pistillate flowers petals white, 7–10 mm long. Stamens in staminate flower 15–20, in 4 series, connate; anthers usually introrse; pistillate flower Stamens absent. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), 2-celled; ovules 1 per cell. Staminate flower ovary absent.

Fruit: Fruit subglobose; 50–60(–70) mm in diameter; with 4 shallow furrows; indehiscent. Seeds 1–2; (2.3–)3–4 cm in diameter; seed coat thick and very hard.

Ploidy: 2n = 22; 44

Habitat: Mesic valley.

Elevation Range: 0–700 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (36)

Aleurites ambinux Pers. (1807)
Aleurites angustifolius Vieill. (1862)
Aleurites commutatus Geiseler (1807)
Aleurites cordifolius (Gaertn.) Steud. (1840)
Aleurites integrifolius Vieill. (1862)
Aleurites javanica
Aleurites javanicus Gand. (1913)
Aleurites lanceolatus Blanco (1837)
Aleurites lobatus Blanco (1837)
Aleurites moloccana var. remyi (Sherff) B.C.Stone
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. (1805)
Aleurites moluccana var. aulanii O.Deg. & I.Deg.
Aleurites moluccana var. katoi O.Deg., I.Deg. & B.C.Stone
Aleurites moluccana var. remyi
Aleurites moluccana var. serotina O.Deg. & Sherff
Aleurites moluccanus var. aulanii O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1971)
Aleurites moluccanus var. floccosus Airy Shaw (1966)
Aleurites moluccanus var. katoi O.Deg., I.Deg. & B.C.Stone (1971)
Aleurites moluccanus var. remyi (Sherff) B.C.Stone (1967)
Aleurites moluccanus var. serotinus O.Deg. & Sherff (1951)
Aleurites pentaphyllus Benth. (1847)
Aleurites remyi Sherff (1939)
Aleurites triloba J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1776)
Aleurites trilobus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1776)
Camerium moluccanum (L.) Kuntze (1891)
Camirium cordifolium Gaertn. (1791)
Camirium oleosum Reinw. ex Blume (1823)
Dryandra oleifera Lam. (1786)
Jatropha moluccana L. (1753)
Juglans camirum Lour. (1790)
Mallotus moluccanus (L.) Müll.Arg. (1865)
Mallotus moluccanus var. genuinus Müll.Arg. (1865)
Manihot moluccana (L.) Crantz (1766)
Ricinus dicoccus Roxb. (1832)
Rottlera moluccana (L.) Scheff. (1869)
Telopea perspicua Sol. ex Seem. (1867)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • For ‘ea and paa‘ao‘ao the flowers and endosperm (nut) of the kukui are combined with ‘ala‘alawainui pehu stems (Peperomia spp.), ‘ohi‘a ‘ai bark (Syzygium malaccense), ‘aka‘akai ‘oliana (?onion, Allium cepa) bulb, noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia), kōkea (white sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum), and possibly kikania (Desmodium sandwicense). Ingedients are mashed and strained, and liquid ingested. For infected sores, including puho ‘a‘ai, the green flesh of the kukui fruit is cooked in kī leaves (ti, Cordyline fruticosa) and combined with ‘ulu sap (Artocarpus altilis), powdered ‘ahu‘awa (Cyperus javanicus), and powdered lama (Diospyros spp.); the mixture is applied as a salve. For forms of kohepopo (ke‘a, kahaea, papaku, nae‘oiku, wai‘opua, hopilo, ni‘au) kukui bark is combined with the bark of ‘ohi‘a ‘ai and koa (Acacia koa), the leaf buds and stems of ‘ala‘alawainui pehu (Peperomia spp.), the leaves, flowers, and leaf buds of ko‘oko‘olau, kohekohe (Eleocharis spp.), noni fruits, root bark of the ‘uhaloa (Waltheria indica), root bark of the pōpolo (Solanum amerricanum), and kōkea (white sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum). For pu‘ao pehu the "shell" (endocarp) is burned and the smoke is used from inside an ipu.To build strength after an illness the endocarps (nut meat) are ground, along with cooked kalo (taro, Colocasia esculenta), the flesh of kikawaioa (fern, Christella cyatheoides), these are eaten with fish and ‘uala poi (sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas) with a ko‘oko‘olau infusion. As a purge, the oil of the kukui endocarp is used, and followed by poi and pia (Tacca leontopetaloides) (Chun 1994:170–174).

  • Greyish beige dye (fruit husk), brownish red dye (inner bark trunk), reddish brown dye (inner bark root)

  • Nuts and oils were used as a laxative. Extractions from plants were used to treat cuts.

  • Nuts can be cooked and eaten

  • Polished nuts are used to make jewelry and lei

  • Seeds and oils burned for light by the ancient Hawaiians

  • The light-weight wood can be used for canoes (Abbott 1992:81; Malo 1951:21); the bark for dye and fruits and oil for light (Hillebrande 1888:400); "nuts" (oily endosperm) placed inside bamboo as torch (kali kukui) or oil burned in lamps (Abbott 1992:77), fish floats from wood (Degener 1930:197), oil for fishing, polishing; soot collected on smooth, clean pebbles under which kukui nuts had been burned for tattooing (Abbott 1992:128; Handy et al. 1972:232), dye also from the fleshy part of the green part of fruit also for tattooing (not as good), the "meat" of the seed (endosperm) roasted and eaten as 'inamona relish (Handy et al. 1972:231); endosperm also used in fish bait (Abbott 1992:85; Krauss 1993:45); sap as adhesive (Abbott 1992:120; Degener 1930:77), the oil as a polish (Krauss 1993:22), oil used to clean birdlime from bird's feet (Degener 1930:290), sticks burned in divining ceremony (Degener 1930:199). Used for hula altars (Pukui 1942); "nuts" for lei (Krauss 1993:79); wood for house timbers (Handy et al. 1972:232). In the Ethnology Collection at Bishop Museum there are examples of kukui oil used to make kapa waterproof and there is a post-contact example of the wood made into a bowl.

  • Wood was used to make fish floats and parts for canoes

CULTURE

  • Hi‘iaka's Battle with Panaewa Bird spies of Panaewa took the form of kukui trees, thinking thus to illuminate the scene of operations since the night was dark (Beckwith 1970:156; Emerson 1915:36). "Legend of Pupuhuluena" Pupuhuluena was fishing and came across two fisherman of Makali‘i whom he gifted with kukui nuts to chew and blow upon the surface of the sea to clearly see the bottom. The two men planted the kukui nuts and was thus the first introduction into the districts of Kona and Ka‘u (Fornander [v.5 part iii]:1919:570)

  • Kinolau of Lono

  • Lanikaula, Kalanikaula, or Ulu-kukui-o-Lanikaula, Moloka‘i (Pukui et al. 1974:74–75).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • (Nagata 1992).

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Potentially naturalizing
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Only found in cultivation
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Kapou(Lisianski Island) Potentially naturalizing
Molokai Naturalized
Kamole(Laysan Island) Not in flora
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Consuming raw Kukui nuts can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cramping
  • Contact with watery sap can cause rashes

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 590 (1805)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:598 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as A. moluccana]); Staples & Herbst 2005:281 (DESCR); IPNI 2025 (spelling change to moluccanus)

Poisonous Plants Paradise (Scott, Thomas) p.26-28

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Aleurites moluccanus Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23956 BISH
2 Aleurites moluccanus Lihue, Kauai High School grounds Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3427 Kauai BISH 1960-04-15
3 Aleurites moluccanus Haiku near the Omega Transmitting Station. field no. Koolau 1124 b Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3043 Oahu BISH 1986-11-27
4 Aleurites moluccanus Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 238 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
5 Aleurites moluccanus Lihue, Kauai High School grounds Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3427 Kauai BISH 1960-04-15
6 Aleurites moluccanus Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 108 Oahu BISH 1930-01-12
7 Aleurites moluccanus Kauai Preserved_Specimen Hauser, H.W. 23956 Kauai BISH 1955-09-24
8 Aleurites moluccanus Southeast-facing slope of Kolekole Pass, a few miles beyond Schofield Barracks, Waianae Range, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242096 Oahu BISH 1924-08-22
9 Aleurites moluccanus Shore of lagoon Preserved_Specimen Shelton, P.C. 419 Lisianski Island BISH 1966-06-11
10 Aleurites moluccanus Nualolo Valley, Waimea Dist. 1-2 miles inland, forming groves Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26704 Kauai BISH 1965-04-24
11 Aleurites moluccanus Degener garden tree, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35321 Oahu BISH 1977-12-12
12 Aleurites moluccanus Mt. tantalus, middle slopes Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9870 Oahu BISH 1929-09-26
13 Aleurites moluccanus Pauoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 54 Oahu BISH 1908-10-24
14 Aleurites moluccanus Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2431 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
15 Aleurites moluccanus Oahu Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 181 Oahu BISH 1982-02-21
16 Aleurites moluccanus Degener garden area, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35321 Oahu BISH 1977-12-12
17 Aleurites moluccanus Luluku BM Site # 50-0a-G5-85 Preserved_Specimen Woodward, L. 8 Oahu BISH 1992-12-14
18 Aleurites moluccanus Planted in Mrs. Thomas Jaggar's Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, garden Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27455 Oahu BISH 1956-07-02
19 Aleurites moluccanus Mahana Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 448 Lanai BISH 1929-08-13
20 Aleurites moluccanus Mokuleia, his garden Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35321 Oahu BISH 1977-12-12
21 Aleurites moluccanus Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
22 Aleurites moluccanus N. Kona, above Kailua on road to Holualoa Preserved_Specimen Podmore, G. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
23 Aleurites moluccanus 42 Coelho Way Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1962-03-03
24 Aleurites moluccanus Manoa Valley, on trail to falls Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-08-03
25 Aleurites moluccanus Oahu Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
26 Aleurites moluccanus Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2431 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
27 Aleurites moluccanus N. Kona, above Kailua on road to Holualoa Preserved_Specimen Podmore, G. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
28 Aleurites moluccanus Olomana Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-11-26
29 Aleurites moluccanus U.H. Campus, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. Oahu BISH
30 Aleurites moluccanus Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
31 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Andersson, N.J. Oahu BISH 1852-01-01
32 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-05-07
33 Aleurites moluccanus U.H. Campus, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. Oahu BISH
34 Aleurites moluccanus Molokai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH
35 Aleurites moluccanus Tantalus, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Lindsay, J.C. Oahu BISH 1929-11-25
36 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu, campus of Univ. of Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-03-03
37 Aleurites moluccanus Manoa Valley, near head, arboretum of HSPA Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-12-11
38 Aleurites moluccanus Waikane Schofield Trail- Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Davis, H. Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
39 Aleurites moluccanus Hilo, Keaau. From Herbert Shipman's place Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-10-05
40 Aleurites moluccanus S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
41 Aleurites moluccanus Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-12-26
42 Aleurites moluccanus Hilo, Keaau. From Herbert Shipman's place Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-10-05
43 Aleurites moluccanus On side of trail, west side of Waianae Uka, Waianaw Mts Preserved_Specimen Kitamura, F. Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
44 Aleurites moluccanus Waimea Falls Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. Oahu BISH 1985-07-01
45 Aleurites moluccanus Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. Laysan Island BISH 1992-02-16
46 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
47 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
48 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
49 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
50 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2471 BISH 1987-10-20
51 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
52 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
53 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
54 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23956 BISH
55 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23956 BISH
56 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10011 BISH
57 Aleurites moluccanus Manoa Falls Trail, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 4001 Oahu BISH 1956-02-16
58 Aleurites moluccanus On new trail, upper Manoa Valley, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242269 Oahu BISH 1924-10-01
59 Aleurites moluccanus N. ridge of Puu Maialau Gulch on low flat On low flat Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 x 3, leaf variation on 3 branches of same tree St.John, H. 24837 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
60 Aleurites moluccanus East of Puu Kaupakuhale, Mokuleia, Kamananui, Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts.; Gulch Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
61 Aleurites moluccanus Kalawao County, Kalaupapa National Historical Park Growing along trail Preserved_Specimen Tree ca 18 m tall, growing along mule trail from Puahi Street to Kalaupapa. Petals white. Frt green; 1 - 2 seeds in each frt, seed coat thick & hjard, covered in whitre waxy compound. Seeds are frequently strung and sold as leis and bracelets. Designated state tree of Hawaii. Silica sample deposited in the BBGH Lab tissue collection.l Pell, S.K. 774 Molokai BISH 2008-07-25
62 Aleurites moluccanus Hauula, O'ahu, T. Hawaii In ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9103 Oahu BISH 1923-07-10
63 Aleurites moluccanus Near Kamole Gulch In gulch. Preserved_Specimen Young leaves not glaucous as on Oahu. Degener, O. 19329 Maui BISH 1948-12-01
64 Aleurites moluccanus Onomea Trees planted along old road. Preserved_Specimen Specimens collection from 1 tree. Ht. 12', spread 15', dbh.10 Flowers cream-white. Fruit green. Davis, J. 660 Hawaii BISH 1982-01-13
65 Aleurites moluccanus Kaneohe One young tree seen planted Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 59465 Oahu BISH 1980-03-01
66 Aleurites moluccanus Waipio Trail, Waipio, Hamakua District Common on upper slopes Preserved_Specimen Tree 8mx3dm St.John, H. 24001 Hawaii BISH 1950-01-01
67 Aleurites moluccanus Waikane-Schofield trail, Koolaupoko District Lower rain forest Preserved_Specimen Kukui Candle nut tree Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
68 Aleurites moluccanus Along kalalau trail, Napali Coast In densely vegetated valleys; In valleys and on slopes, not on peaks. Preserved_Specimen Undersides of leaves are whitish, and are visible at great distances. Stone, B.C. 835 Kauai BISH 1955-06-18
69 Aleurites moluccanus Growing at junction of Piilani Highway and road to Kanaio junction of Piilani Hwy Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 ft tall with a DBH of 21 inches. Whitish flowers, pale foliage. Herbst, D.R. 853 Maui BISH 1968-01-04
70 Aleurites moluccanus Waimano, O'ahu, T.H Lower forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9995 Oahu BISH 1935-10-06
71 Aleurites moluccanus Visitor Center and main ruins, Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. Service road mauka of visitor center Predominantly exotic vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10306 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
72 Aleurites moluccanus N. ridge of Puu Maialau Gulch on low flat On low flat. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 x 3, leaf variation on 3 branches of same tree St.John, H. 24837 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
73 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Range, Waimano Moist Forest on hillside. Preserved_Specimen 3 m seedling under no. 20323 St.John, H. 20321 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
74 Aleurites moluccanus Hilo Hawaii Across highway from main Post Office on way to airport. Planted as ornamental. Preserved_Specimen Height 15'. Branches bend over towards the ground Jacobson, J.D. Hawaii BISH 1985-04-30
75 Aleurites moluccanus Halepuaa Forest Resrve in the Puna District In the mixed forest of the reserve. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 79.204 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-07
76 Aleurites moluccanus S Ridge of Kipapa Gulch. Waipio-Waiawa, Koolau Range Lower rain forest along with Bobea elatior and Straussia gaudichaudiana. Preserved_Specimen Tree 40 ft tall. Ozaki, E.T. 28 Oahu BISH 1953-11-23
77 Aleurites moluccanus Waiohinu, west of edge of 1868 flows. Tree 20X3 Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11030 Hawaii BISH 1931-03-12
78 Aleurites moluccanus N. ridge of Puu Maialau Gulch on low flat On low flat. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 x 3, leaf variation on 3 branches of same tree St.John, H. 24837 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
79 Aleurites moluccanus N. ridge of Puu Maialau Gulch on low flat On low flat Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 x 3, leaf variation on 3 branches of same tree St.John, H. 24837 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
80 Aleurites moluccanus Kalaupapa Trail Forming woods near shore. Preserved_Specimen Trees 8m.x4dm. St.John, H. 25249 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
81 Aleurites moluccanus Kuaokala Trail, Kuaokala Forest Reserve. In what might be seasonal washout. Weedy area. With Psidium guajava, Megathyrsus maximus, Rivina humilis, Indigofera, Schinus terebinthifolius, and Spathodea campanulata. Preserved_Specimen Typical Kukui. 15 m tall 15 cm DBH. In a grove of ~5-10 adult trees. Walvoord, N. 2023024 Oahu BISH 2023-08-13
82 Aleurites moluccanus Kure Atoll Beach flotsam. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 105252 Kure Atoll BISH 2001-05-25
83 Aleurites moluccanus Kawaihapai, O'ahu, T.H Ravine in rather dry region Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9954 Oahu BISH 1935-07-15
84 Aleurites moluccanus Panaewa woods, Olaa, Hawaii Open forrest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9101 Hawaii BISH 1929-06-17
85 Aleurites moluccanus N. ridge of Puu Maialau Gulch on low flat On low flat Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 x 3, leaf variation on 3 branches of same tree St.John, H. 24837 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
86 Aleurites moluccanus Carter Ranch, Upper Manoa Valley, Honolulu Side of Canyon. Preserved_Specimen Tree 5 m tall Fosberg, F.R. 8869 Oahu BISH 1932-09-26
87 Aleurites moluccanus Visitor Center and main ruins, Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. Service road mauka of visitor center Predominantly exotic vegetation Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10273 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
88 Aleurites moluccanus Onomea Planted trees along road Preserved_Specimen Tree 12 ft tall x 10 in. DBH; 15 ft spread; flowers cream white, fruit green Davis, J. 660 Hawaii BISH 1982-01-13
89 Aleurites moluccanus Nr. L.D.S. Church, Waialua Slope-5 degrees Soil- Silty loam. Preserved_Specimen Tree to 25' tall. Light colored leaves, tiny flowers, oily nuts. Afualo, D. 144 Oahu BISH 1975-03-25
90 Aleurites moluccanus Mt. Kalena, Waianae, Oahu Aleurites forest Preserved_Specimen Tree, 30 ft. Grant, M.L. 7440 Oahu BISH 1934-09-30
91 Aleurites moluccanus Kalawao County, Kalaupapa National Historical Park Growing along trail. Preserved_Specimen Tree ca 18 m tall, growing along mule trail from Puahi Street to Kalaupapa. Petals white. Frt green; 1 - 2 seeds in each frt, seed coat thick &hard, covered in white waxy compound. Seeds are frequetnly strung and sold as leis and bracelets. Designated state tree of Hawaii. Silica sampel deposited in the BBG Lab tissue collection. Pell, S.K. 774 Molokai BISH 2008-07-25
92 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Range, Waimano Moist Forest on hillside. Preserved_Specimen 1 m seedling under tree no 20323 St.John, H. 20322 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
93 Aleurites moluccanus Waiakea Arboretum, Waiakea Forest Preserve, 5 mi. S. of Hilo. Secondary forest Preserved_Specimen Medium sized tree Little Jr., E.L. 23046 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-02
94 Aleurites moluccanus Middle Kailua road, about 1/3 down from Belt Road, North Kona From old tree, several younger trees nearby. Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 19617 Hawaii BISH 1949-03-31
95 Aleurites moluccanus Laie Slope- 15 % Soil- Clay loam. Preserved_Specimen Tree. Flowers white, nut is edible, has strong purgative action. Beckham, N. 30 Oahu BISH 1967-04-05
96 Aleurites moluccanus Paomai, Pohoula Occasional in gulches Preserved_Specimen 8 m. tree. St.John, H. 18810 Lanai BISH 1938-04-12
97 Aleurites moluccanus Tantalus, Honolulu Shaded ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9104 Oahu BISH 1922-11-12
98 Aleurites moluccanus Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District In the mixed forest of the reserve and is usually found growing in groups. Preserved_Specimen The plant is very abundant. Clarke, G. 79.226 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-08
99 Aleurites moluccanus Onomea Trees planted along old road. Preserved_Specimen Ht. 12', spread 15', dbh 10. Flowers cream-white. Fruit green. Davis, J. 660 Hawaii BISH 1982-01-13
100 Aleurites moluccanus N. ridge of Puu Maialau Gulch on low flat On low flat Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 x 3, leaf variation on 3 branches of same tree St.John, H. 24837 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
101 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
102 Aleurites moluccanus National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley, McBryde Garden, Big Valley, west side of Lawai Stream near crossover to Canoe Garden. Cultivated area. Preserved_Specimen Unaccessioned tree 10 m tall, trunk 35 cm dbh, bark smooth gray brown, crown full, sap clear. Young leaves light green, scurfy, glabrate. Flowers white. Fruits green, 1-2 seeded; shell of mature seeds black with whitish coating. Lorence, D.H. 10728 Kauai BISH 2018-02-09
103 Aleurites moluccanus Puna; back of the coast at Wahaula. Groves of Kukui, with wiliwili, hau, milo and hala. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2896 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-21
104 Aleurites moluccanus Waimano Home trail, near valley bottom Preserved_Specimen 7-8' tree Takeuchi, W.N. 1767 Oahu BISH 1984-10-14
105 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
106 Aleurites moluccanus Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 5/6/2003
107 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
108 Aleurites moluccanus Kawainui Stream, about 8 mi E. of Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen Large tree 50 ft., 1ft. diam., with spreading irregular crown. Bark grey, smoothish, slightly fissured. Little Jr., E.L. 31284 Oahu BISH 1978-10-08
109 Aleurites moluccanus Puuanahulu Preserved_Specimen Several young trees Greenwell, A.B.H. 19556 Hawaii BISH 1949-03-14
110 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
111 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
112 Aleurites moluccanus Bishop Museum, NE corner Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m tree; small yellow white flower Hawley, B. 2 Oahu BISH 1994-10-10
113 Aleurites moluccanus Kalaupapa; Papapaiki, outside fenced enclosure Preserved_Specimen spreading tree Wysong, M.L. 575 Molokai BISH 2005-01-11
114 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
115 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
116 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
117 Aleurites moluccanus Roadside trees, Tantalus Drive, near Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Large spreading tree 60 ft., 2 ft. diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31002 Oahu BISH 1976-08-05
118 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
119 Aleurites moluccanus Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 3/11/2004
120 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
121 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. Planted in 1934 at Kilauea where it languised. Transplanted to Honolulu in 1941 where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3 dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
122 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
123 Aleurites moluccanus Foster Botanic Garden Acc No. 66.610 Preserved_Specimen Spreading tree 6 m tall in full sun. Flowers white. Lau, J. 2897 Oahu BISH 1986-10-28
124 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
125 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
126 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
127 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
128 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
129 Aleurites moluccanus Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 9/4/2002
130 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
131 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
132 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
133 Aleurites moluccanus Waimea Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m tall, fruits green Miller, J.S. 7813 Oahu BISH 1992-07-28
134 Aleurites moluccanus Waimea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Kauai 5/29/2015
135 Aleurites moluccanus Halulu Lake Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22720 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
136 Aleurites moluccanus Waikane, beginning of cable trail, on wooded slopes Preserved_Specimen Tree 45' tall. Stone, B.C. 2706 Oahu BISH 1958-11-27
137 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
138 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
139 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
140 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
141 Aleurites moluccanus S of C. Say's Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 80 Lanai BISH 1913-09-06
142 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
143 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
144 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
145 Aleurites moluccanus UH Campus Arboretum. Located near NE corner of Hawai'I Hall. Preserved_Specimen Healthy tree 24 ft tall, ~0.95 ft. in diameter. Crown spread 30x30 ft. Live crown ratio >75%. Density of canopy >75%. In bud, flower, and early fruit. Flowers white. White scale insect present. Haltom, J. 54 Oahu BISH 2023-03-30
146 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
147 Aleurites moluccanus Waipahu Cultural Gardens, 94-695 Waipahu St Preserved_Specimen A tree 6 m tall growing in partial shade on a stream bank. Lau, J. 2110 Oahu BISH 1968-03-10
148 Aleurites moluccanus Manoa Campus, U of H. No 107 on map of campus trees and plants Preserved_Specimen Tree with pale green foliage, white flowers. Herbst, D.R. 594 Oahu BISH 1967-09-15
149 Aleurites moluccanus Halulu Lake, Near Preserved_Specimen One tree in gulch, trunk 8 m x 4 diam. crown very green, not white. Recently introduced from Kauai. St.John, H. 22720 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
150 Aleurites moluccanus Laie. 200 ft from old poi factory Preserved_Specimen 15 ft. Au, R. 27 Oahu BISH 1960-12-08
151 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
152 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu: Bishop Museum: Dry Forest, Pauahi north Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m tall. Full sun. The tree has watery sap. Petals white. Lau, J. 1096 Oahu BISH 1985-06-14
153 Aleurites moluccanus 46-465 Kamehameha Highway at Kealohi Point; Heeia State Park Preserved_Specimen Tree to 6-7m; fruit green; aril white/orange; flowers whitish. Annable, C.R. 3111 Oahu BISH 1996-11-06
154 Aleurites moluccanus Nuuanu, Honolulu semi-moist ground Preserved_Specimen Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1931-02-01
155 Aleurites moluccanus Kakela Drive, Manoa Valley, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 feet tall, fls. white. Carlquist, S. 2174 Oahu BISH 1966-08-19
156 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii, 1934. Planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944 a tree 7m.x 3 dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
157 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
158 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
159 Aleurites moluccanus Manoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 2 Oahu BISH 1919-09-20
160 Aleurites moluccanus Waimea Arboretum Preserved_Specimen tree Sohmer, S.H. Kauai BISH 1985-07-01
161 Aleurites moluccanus Kahaluu, near awai, near house, in quiet area. One of 2 drooping trees, nearby one with rising branches Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 ft. high, abt. 10 yrs. old; branches long, slender, drooping; lvs. +/- tufted at branch ends. Mitchell, D.D. Oahu BISH 1960-02-15
162 Aleurites moluccanus Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen 3 feet Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
163 Aleurites moluccanus Upland Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1913-09-06
164 Aleurites moluccanus Bishop Museum courtyard Preserved_Specimen Pistillate inflorescences Wagner, W.L. Oahu BISH 1988-11-04
165 Aleurites moluccanus Side of Waiahole Ditch trail, near intake no. 11; Waikane Preserved_Specimen About 25 ft tall. Yoshioka, T. Oahu BISH 1933-12-10
166 Aleurites moluccanus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 600 BISH 1851-01-01
167 Aleurites moluccanus Tantalus, Pauoa flat trail. Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen Tree 50 ft. high. Nishida, T. Oahu BISH 1943-10-17
168 Aleurites moluccanus Manoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 19 Oahu BISH 1919-10-26
169 Aleurites moluccanus Waimea Arboretum Preserved_Specimen 10 m tree; fruit green Miller, J.S. 7813 Oahu BISH 1992-07-28
170 Aleurites moluccanus Along Hwy. 58, 1.3 mi NW of Nawiliwili Harbor Preserved_Specimen Tree 20' ht, 4 dbh. Young suckers rarely w/normal leaves. Nagata, K.M. 1032 Kauai BISH 1972-06-12
171 Aleurites moluccanus Koolau Ranges, Waimano, main forest on hill side Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m x 2 dm. Collection of a branch and 100 leaves from the same tree. St.John, H. 20323 Oahu BISH 1943-01-10
172 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu; Bishop Museum campus; NE of Easter Island replica Preserved_Specimen Hawley, B. 2 Oahu BISH 1994-10-10
173 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
174 Aleurites moluccanus Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 64 Lanai BISH 1913-09-22
175 Aleurites moluccanus Waimano Home trail, near valley bottom Preserved_Specimen Tree 7-8' tall. Takeuchi, W.N. 1767 Oahu BISH 1984-10-14
176 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
177 Aleurites moluccanus Upper Palolo, ridge toward Kaau Crater Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 3680 Oahu BISH 1965-12-30
178 Aleurites moluccanus Honolulu. 34 Dowsett Ave. Nut from Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. In 1934 planted at Kilauea where it languised. In 1941, transplanted to Honolulu where it flourished Preserved_Specimen In 1944, a tree 7m.x3dm. St.John, H. 20449 Oahu BISH 1944-02-13
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