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Carissa macrocarpa

(Eckl.) A.DC. (1844)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Carissa

Carissa, Natal plum

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees to 5 m tall.

Stems: Spines 1- or 2-forked, 2–4 cm, strong. Branches dichotomous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades broadly ovate, 2.5–7.5 X 2–5 cm. Apex mucronate. Base rounded to obtuse. Blades thick leathery, glabrous. Margins entire. Lateral veins obscure. Petioles 2–3 mm. Stipules absent or vestigial.

Flowers: Flowers in cymes terminal, (1–)3–flowered. pedicel 2–3 mm. Flowers 5– [or 4]-merous, bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, fragrant. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals very narrowly ovate, 3–6 mm. Corolla of 5 petals salverform, tube cylindric, dilated at staminal insertion, white or pink, tube 1.1–1.8 cm, pubescent inside; lobes oblong, 0.9–2.4 cm, overlapping to left. Stamens 5, included in throat; anthers lanceolate, base not appendaged; disc absent. Ovary superior; ovules numerous, biseriate; styles filiform; apex of pistil head shortly 2-cleft.

Fruit: Berries bright red to violet; ovoid; 2–5 cm; ca. 16–seeded. Seeds peltate; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons ovate; radicle inferior.

Ploidy: 2n = 66

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Only found in cultivation
Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Specimens

Bibliography

Name Published In: A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 336 (1844)

Other References

Staples & Herbst 2005:116 (KEY), 119 (DESCR); Lau & Frohlich 2012:7 (NEWNAT/O, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Quarantine Island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ball, S.C. 24 Oahu BISH 8/15/1925
2 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of th e National Tropical Botanical Garden. Pump Six area. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3297 Kauai PTBG 3/28/1989
3 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Ewa Beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gilmore, M.A. 10024 Oahu BISH 3/28/1977
4 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. hale alaa road, laie Cultivated area, Iris/Naupaka/sweet pea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN brandow, c.t. collector number: cb 7 Oahu BISH 2/25/1967
5 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Koloa District, Lawai Valley, National Tropical Botanical Garden; Pump 6 area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3297 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
6 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, in parking lot at rim of Quarry PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 545 Oahu US 8/26/1967
7 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. university of hawaii manoa campus, in parking lot at rim of quarry PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 545 WIS 8/26/1967
8 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Koloa, Poipu, Pee Road across from jct. with Hoohu Road hedge along sidewalk PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 7167 Kauai BISH 12/1/2004
9 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Laie Scattered. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kamae, K.K. KKK 36 Oahu BISH 5/3/1967
10 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. kamehameha girls' school, kapalama hts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN judd jr., a.f. bryan jr., e.h.; neal, m.c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/6/1932
11 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Roundtop Drive, Honolulu Planted as hedge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 10789 Oahu BISH 2/27/1931
12 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Library Bldg., Honolulu Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Brown, E.D.W. 1461 Oahu BISH 5/7/1927
13 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Laie Few. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hai, N. NH 55 Oahu BISH 4/5/1975
14 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. quarantine island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ball, s.c. collector number: 24 Oahu BISH 8/15/1925
15 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Library of Hawaii grounds PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Octavio, A.M. s.n. Oahu BISH 11/26/1929
16 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. BYU-Hawaii campus, Laie Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Afualo, D. 89 Oahu BISH 3/17/1975
17 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. University of Hawaii campus, Honolulu. Parking lot at rim of Quarry Hedge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 545 Oahu BISH 8/26/1967
18 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Sand Island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neff, J.A. 29 Midway Atoll BISH 11/1/1954
19 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. La Pietra, Kapiolani area, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, A. 28 Oahu BISH 8/9/1929
20 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Kamehameha Girls' School, Kapalama Hts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Judd Jr., A.F. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/6/1932
21 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Roundtop Drive, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 12224 Oahu BISH 7/13/1935
22 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Kulanui St., Laie Moderately common as hedge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Afualo, D. 118 Oahu BISH 3/25/1975
23 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. BYU-Hawaii campus, Laie PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Weber, L. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/4/1977
24 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. library of hawaii grounds PRESERVED_SPECIMEN octavio, a.m. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 11/26/1929
25 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. byu-hawaii campus, laie Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN afualo, d. collector number: 89 Oahu BISH 3/17/1975
26 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. roundtop drive, honolulu Planted as hedge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 10789 Oahu BISH 2/27/1931
27 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. marine corps base hawaii Dry coastal zone habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oed lau, a.; frohlich, d. collector number: 2009080502 Oahu BISH 8/5/2009
28 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. kulanui st., laie Bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN afualo, d. collector number: 118 Maui BISH 3/25/1975
29 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. ewa beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gilmore, m.a. collector number: 10024 Oahu BISH 3/28/1977
30 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. university of hawaii campus, honolulu. parking lot at rim of quarry Open upper forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 545 Hawaii BISH 8/26/1967
31 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. sand island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neff, j.a. dumont, p.a. collector number: 29 Hawaii BISH 11/1/1954
32 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. roundtop drive, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 12224 Oahu BISH 7/13/1935
33 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. byu-hawaii campus, laie PRESERVED_SPECIMEN weber, l. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/4/1977
34 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Sand Island PreservedSpecimen Neff, J.A. DuMont, P.A. Collector Number: 29 Midway Atoll BISH Specimen
35 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. koloa district, lawai valley, national tropical botanical garden; pump 6 area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3297 Kauai BISH 3/28/1989
36 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Marine Corps Base Hawaii Dry coastal zone habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OED 2009080502 Oahu BISH 8/5/2009
37 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. la pietra, kapiolani area, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, a. collector number: 28 Oahu BISH 8/9/1929
38 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. koloa, poipu, pee road across from jct. with hoohu road hedge along sidewalk PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 7167 Kauai BISH 12/1/2004
39 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. laie With Wilkesia, Psychotria, Diospyros, Metrosdieros, Euphorbia, Pipturus, Acacia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hai, n. collector number: nh 55 Kauai BISH 4/5/1975
40 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Poipu. Along Pe'e Road across from junction with Ho'ohu Road. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7167 Kauai PTBG 12/1/2004
41 Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Mahaulepu trail next to Poipu Bay Golf Course. Small, adventive population growing in coastal area; its not clear whether these non-cultivated plants originated from seeds or cuttings tossed away from adjacent golf course. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kelsey Brock 1064 Kauai PTBG 7/6/2017
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