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Cannabis sativa

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Cannabaceae Genus: Cannabis

dope, ganja, grass, hemp, marijuana, pakalōlō [pakalolo], pot, reefer, weed

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stout annual herbs 1–3 m tall. pubescent with nonglandular and multicellular glandular hairs containing aromatic and psychotropic compounds.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (palmate). Opposite. Leaflets (1–)3–7(–11), narrowly lanceolate to linear 5–15 cm long, 0.3–1.5 cm wide. Lower surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent. Leaflet margins serrate. Petiolate. Stipules present, persistent.

Flowers: Flowers in staminate flowers in leafy panicles; pistillate flowers in small, leafy clusters, each flower surrounded by a solitary bract, apex abruptly acuminate. in axillary, cymose inflorescences in the usually reduced upper leaves, staminate inflorescences many–flowered and relatively open, pistillate ones few–flowered and compact. Flowers unisexual (and the plants dioecious or sometimes monoecious), small and inconspicuous, green. Calyx of staminate flowers with 5 sepals ca. 4–5 mm long. oblong, imbricate. Calyx of pistillate flowers scarcely lobed. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens in staminate flower 5; anthers subsessile, staminate flowers Stamens 5, opposite the sepals; anthers dithecal, pistillate flowers Stamens absent. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), 2-carpellate, 1-celled; placentation subapical; ovule 1, anatropous; stigmas 2, cylindrical. Staminate flowers ovary absent.

Fruit: Achenes pale yellow to brown; smooth; shiny; 4–5 mm long; the fruiting bract up to ca. 8 mm long. fruit a scarcely compressed; lenticular achene enclosed by an accrescent bract. Seeds with sparse; fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 40; 80

Habitat: Cultivated.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (35)

Cannabis americana Pharm. ex Wehmer (1911)
Cannabis chinensis Delile (1849)
Cannabis erratica Siev. (1796)
Cannabis foetens Gilib. (1792)
Cannabis generalis E.H.L.Krause (1905)
Cannabis gigantea Crevost (1917)
Cannabis indica Lam. (1785)
Cannabis indica f. afghanica Vavilov (1929)
Cannabis indica var. afghanica Vavilov (1929)
Cannabis indica var. kafiristanica Vavilov (1929)
Cannabis intersita Soják (1960)
Cannabis kafiristanica (Vavilov) Chrtek (1981)
Cannabis lupulus Scop. (1771)
Cannabis macrosperma Stokes (1812)
Cannabis ruderalis Janisch. (1924)
Cannabis sativa f. afghanica Vavilov (1926)
Cannabis sativa f. vulgaris (Alef.) Voss (1895)
Cannabis sativa subsp. culta Serebr. (1940)
Cannabis sativa subsp. indica (Lam.) E.Small & Cronquist (1976)
Cannabis sativa subsp. intersita (Soják) Soják (1980)
Cannabis sativa subvar. indica (Lam.) Asch. & Graebn. (1911)
Cannabis sativa var. afghanica (Vavilov) McPartl. & E.Small (2020)
Cannabis sativa var. chinensis (Delile) A.DC. (1869)
Cannabis sativa var. gigantea (Delile ex Vilm.) Alef. (1866)
Cannabis sativa var. indica (Lam.) Wehmer (1911)
Cannabis sativa var. kafiristanica (Vavilov) E.Small & Cronquist (1976)
Cannabis sativa var. kif A.DC. (1869)
Cannabis sativa var. macrosperma (Stokes) Asch. & Graebn. (1911)
Cannabis sativa var. monoica Holuby (1873)
Cannabis sativa var. pedemontana A.DC. (1869)
Cannabis sativa var. praecox Serebr. (1928)
Cannabis sativa var. ruderalis Janisch. (1924)
Cannabis sativa var. spontanea Vavilov (1922)
Cannabis sativa var. vulgaris Alef. (1866)
Polygonum viridiflorum Poir. (1804)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Only found in cultivation

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Unknown
Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Molokai Only found in cultivation
Lana'i Only found in cultivation
Kaho'olawe Unknown
Maui Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Specimens

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Notes

  • Although not known to be naturahzed in Hawai'i, Cannobis is included because it is encountered in cultivation so frequently in native habitats.
  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 1027 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:490 (Ni?, K?, O?, Mo?, L?, M?, Ka?, H? [widely cultivated, but no naturalized vouchers], DESCR); Staples & Herbst 2005:219 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cannabis sativa L. In Olaa Forest Reserve, Puna District near the Kilauea Forest boundary Growing in a clearing within the scattered Metrosideros - Cheirodendron forest with a closed Cibotium understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 525 Hawaii BISH 10/22/1980
2 Cannabis sativa L. hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clay, h.f. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 5/18/1984
3 Cannabis sativa L. National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley. East side of valley in Leucaena thicket. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7204 Kauai PTBG 5/14/1992
4 Cannabis sativa L. Kokee State Park. Kauaikinana Valley south of Kaunuohua ridge. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1892 Kauai PTBG 9/3/1986
5 Cannabis sativa L. kilauea volcano, n rim of caldera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 60561 Hawaii US 9/7/1980
6 Cannabis sativa L. puna. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forest farmer s.n. RSA
7 Cannabis sativa L. Kilauea Volcano, N rim of Caldera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 60561 Hawaii US 9/7/1980
8 Cannabis sativa L. hawaii volcanoes national park 1/4 mi se of keauhou rd, kipuka ki In open to closed Acacia koa forest, heavily disturbed understory consisting of Solanum pseudocapsicum, Pennisetum clandestinum, & Microlaena stipoides PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. nicola, i. collector number: 9825 Hawaii BISH 9/22/1982
9 Cannabis sativa L. Olaa tract, small section Kau side of Wright Rd Growing in cleared area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9720 Hawaii BISH 11/7/1981
10 Cannabis sativa L. Pauoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bangs, A.M. s.n. Oahu BISH 11/11/1937
11 Cannabis sativa L. in olaa forest reserve, puna district near the kilauea forest boundary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 525 Oahu BISH 10/22/1980
12 Cannabis sativa L. olaa tract, small section kau side of wright rd Growing in cleared area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. katahira, l.; warshauer, f.r. collector number: 9720 Hawaii BISH 11/7/1981
13 Cannabis sativa L. Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clay, H.F. s.n. Hawaii BISH 5/18/1984
14 Cannabis sativa L. Puna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forest Farmer s.n. Hawaii BISH 11/1/1981
15 Cannabis sativa L. kipapa gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN honolulu police department Oahu BISH 8/8/1980
16 Cannabis sativa L. Kipapa Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Honolulu Police Department s.n. Oahu BISH 6/2/1905
17 Cannabis sativa L. In Olaa Forest Reserve, Puna District near the Kilauea Forest boundary Growing in a clearing within the scattered Metrosideros - Cheirodendron forest with a closed Cibotium understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 525 Hawaii BISH 10/22/1980
18 Cannabis sativa L. puna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forest farmer collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 11/1/1981
19 Cannabis sativa L. pauoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bangs, a.m. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 11/11/1937
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