img

Xylosma crenata

(H.St.John) H.St.John (1976)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Salicaceae Genus: Xylosma

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Apparently dioecious trees up to 14 m tall, bark dark gray.

Stems: Branches with elevated lenticels, younger ones short–pilose, spines absent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate to elliptic–ovate, 10–20 cm long, 6.5–10 cm wide. Apex bluntly acuminate to obtuse. Base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Surfaces bronze when young, becoming yellowish green, then dark glossy green, simple, subcoriaceous. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces moderately shortpilose, more densely so on principal veins. Margins coarsely glandular crenate. Pinnately veined. Petioles 0.7–1.3 cm long.

Flowers: Flowers (only pistillate known) 3–11 in inflorescence. in axillary cymes, 1–1.5 cm long, elongating up to 2.5 cm long in fruit, short–pilose. Flowers unisexual and plants dioecious. Pedicels 2–5 mm long, bracts lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm long, ciliate and puberulent on back. Calyx of 4 sepals; sepals imbricate, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm long, puberulent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens in staminate flower numerous, strongly exserted, pistillate flowers without stamens. Ovary superior, surrounded by a crenulate nectary disk; stigma 2–3-lobed, sessile.

Fruit: Berries (when young) ovoid to ellipsoid–ovoid; 6–8 mm long. Seeds (observed when immature) dark brown; obovoid; 3.5–4 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known only from banks oh Mohihi Stream bordering the Alakai swamp and a few trees along upper Nualolo trail (wet forest).

Elevation Range: 900–1300 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Phytologia 34: 147 (1976)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:722 (K [as X. crenatum]); IPNI 2025 (spelling change to crenata)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen male Wood, K.R. 7007 Kauai BISH 1997-12-21
2 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ascia-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Alphitonia, Dodonaea, Santalum freycinetianum, Antidesma, Nestegis, Leptecophylla, Melicope ovata, Melicope barbigera, Pouteria, terrestrial cover of Carex wahuensis, Carex meyenii, Gahnia beecheyi, Dianel Preserved_Specimen Tree, 12 meters tall, male, with flower, vigorous tree along drainage, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17079 Kauai BISH 2016-07-26
3 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree 35-40 ft, looks like a large lama tree from a distance. The bark is dark, almost black, and the leaves are dark green and shiny on the top, lighter and pubescent beneath. Small fruits all along branches. a Hobdy, R.W. 10 Kauai BISH 1968-08-17
4 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed Diverse Mesic Forest and riparian zone with Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Erigeron, Cryptocaria, Planchonella, Polyscias kavaiensis, Freycinetia, Psychotria, Charpentiera, Melicope, Kadua affinis, Chrysodracon aurea, Xylosma hawaiiense, Dodonea Preserved_Specimen 20 feet all, healthy, second tree nearby. Fruit on light green hairy pendicle. Fruit dark green with deep purple, slight glaucous, calyx green, pea-size, <1cm., widest in middle and tapering to base with 2 apical bumps. Leaves bright red petioles and midrib, even thick hairs on underside dull green with riased midrib, above dk. Tangalin, N. 3692 Kauai BISH 2014-02-20
5 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed mesic forest with Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Melicope haupuensis, Melicope barbigera, Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria, Labordia, Xylosma crenatum, X. hawaiiense, Pittosporum, Cryptocarya mannii, Pouteria sandwicensis, Charpentiera elliptica, Claoxylon, Coprosma, Cyanea spathulata, Tetraplasandra waimeae, Bobea brevipes Preserved_Specimen Tree about 20 ft tall. Abaxial leaf blades velutinous. Lef margin crenate. New lvs reddish. Califlorous w/ early bud on higher branches. Tangalin, N. 1963 Kauai BISH 2008-12-04
6 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed mixed mesic forest. Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Pouteria, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Psychotria, Charpentiera, Melicope, Hedyotis terminalis, Pleomele aurea, Xylosma hawaiiense, Dodonaea viscosa, Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, Rubus rosifolius. Preserved_Specimen Two trees in immediate area, CT 650 in bottom of gulch. This tree about 30 ft above gulch bottom on the NE side. Tree about 20 ft tall. Abaxial leaf blades velutinous, hairs light brn. Leaf margin crenate. New lvs reddish. Lvs w/ pink in petioles. Frts round, green to purple, most w/o any seed developing. Cal. Tangalin, N. 1869 Kauai BISH 2008-12-08
7 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest, Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicnesis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Dodonaea viscosa, Kadua affinis, K. knudsenii, Melicope ovata, Pleomele aurea, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Psychot Preserved_Specimen tree, 8 m tall, trunk dark brown, female tree, abundant immature fruits forming, single tree Wood, K.R. 15566 Kauai BISH 2013-07-10
8 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swamp Preserved_Specimen Tree 35-40 ft. tall, with dark grey rough bark 1/4-1/2 in. thick over a light colored wood. Many of the leaves had a reddish petiole and central vein on top. Hobdy, R.W. 8 Kauai BISH 1968-10-01
9 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia-Alphitonia montane mesic forest w/ Euphorbia atrococca, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria mariniana, Wikstroemia furcata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, C. foliosa, Polyscias kavaiensis, Anti Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, multi-trunked, with fruit, fruit apparently without seed, single tree. Wood, K.R. 16672 Kauai BISH 2015-12-03
10 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Single tree of 20' with Koa/Ohia/Sugi. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1929 Kauai BISH 1986-10-22
11 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros mesic forest Dicranopteris linearis, Bobea brevipes, Ilex anomala, Scaevola procera, Myrsine alyxifolia, Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron, Melicope anisata, Nestegis sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Weeds: Clidemia hirta, Psidium cattl Perlman, S. 24983 Kauai BISH 2016-05-17
12 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia-Alphitonia montane mesic forest w/ Euphorbia atrococca, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria mariniana, Wikstroemia furcata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, C. foliosa, Polyscias kavaiensis, Anti Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, multi-trunked, with fruit, fruit apparently without seed, single tree. Wood, K.R. 16672 Kauai BISH 2015-12-03
13 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed mesic forest w Lantana camara along valley bottom. Acacia koa - Metrosideros polymorpha w/ Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Melicope barbigera, M. ovata, Alyxia stellata, Dodonaea viscosa, Alphitonia, Leptecophylla, Wikstroemia furcata, Xylosma crenatum, X. hawaiiense, Coprosma kauaiense, Carex wahuensis, Hedyotis terminalis Preserved_Specimen Tree fallen over, w/ upright branches growning 15 ft tall. Petioles pink to red, mid-rib & secondary veins pink. Lef w/ slight pubescence adaxially, dark green, abaxially thick pubescnece yellow-green. Branch tips pubescnet. Dark brown rough bark. All plants sterile. Three individuals in immediate w/I 20 ft. Tangalin, N. 1839 Kauai BISH 2008-11-19
14 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swamp Preserved_Specimen Tree 35-40 ft. tall, with dark grey rough bark 1/4-1/2 in. thick over a light colored wood. Many of the leaves had a reddish petiole and central vein on top. Hobdy, R.W. 8 Kauai BISH 1968-10-01
15 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open-canopied area of mixed mesic forest. Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Pouteria, Psychotria, Melicope spp., Pleomele aurea, Xylosma hawaiiense, Dodonaea viscosa, Rubub rosifolius, Melinis minutiflora, Corynocarpus, Cirsium vulgare. Canna sp. Preserved_Specimen Robust tree 8 m long 22 cm dbh. Canopy loaded with frt. Red petioles. Trauernicht, C. 650 Kauai BISH 2008-12-08
16 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details mesic forest; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Antidesma, Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, Ilex, Pouteria, Corynocarpus, Coprosma waimeae, Xylosma hawaiiense, Hedyotis terminalis, Claoxylon, Lantana, Rubus argutus Preserved_Specimen 30' tree; male flowers Perlman, S. 18978 Kauai BISH 2004-05-21
17 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swamp Preserved_Specimen Tree 35-40 ft. tall, with dark grey rough bark 1/4-1/2 in. thick over a light colored wood. Many of the leaves had a reddish petiole and central vein on top. Hobdy, R.W. 8 Kauai BISH 1968-10-01
18 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Just within a conifer planting that was planted in mesic Acacia/Metrosideros forest. Conifer grove with Athyrium sandwicensis ground cover; in the understory are a few Hedyotis terminalis and Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 3277 Kauai BISH 1989-11-07
19 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Antidesma platyphylla, Bobea brevipes, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscoaa, Planchonella sandwicensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Ka Preserved_Specimen Tree, newly found, 9 m tall, vigorous, female w/ immature fruit, no seed forming (probably not pollinated), 5 trees in genearl area, this site w/ 2 trees near each other, mapped. Wood, K.R. 18061 Kauai BISH 2019-01-18
20 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details W/ Myrsine, Bobea, Hedyotis terminalis, Perrottetia, Claoxylon, Tetraplasandra, Xylosma hawaiiense, Psychotria, Rubus argutus, Cryptocarya, Diplazium sandwicianum. Passiflora mollissima, Pleomele, Po Preserved_Specimen Tree 35 ft. male w/ flw. bud and few mature open flws. and old dried up flws. Stamens, pollen yellow. bark rough, tan w/ reddish-brown lenticels on smaller branches. Bud green w/ pubescent peduncles. leaf above dk. green, glabrous. Abaxial surace covered w/ fine brown tomentose Tangalin, N. 400 Kauai BISH 2005-06-24
21 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ascia-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Alphitonia, Dodonaea, Santalum freycinetianum, Antidesma, Nestegis, Leptecophylla, Melicope ovata, Melicope barbigera, Pouteria, terrestrial cover of Carex wahuensis, Carex meyenii, Gahnia beecheyi, Dianell Preserved_Specimen Tree, 12-15 meters tall, trunk 75 cm. wide, black-brown, male, with full flower, vigorous tree along drainage, pollen collected for crossing to females, staminate flowers previously undescribed, nectary disck orange, stamens numerous (ca. 40-50), cream colored. Wood, K.R. 17471 Kauai BISH 2017-07-13
22 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Large (20-25 m) Metrosideros polymorpha and Tetraplasandra kavaiensis individuals with Acacia koa, Dodonaea viscosa, Xylosma hawailiense, Cryptocarya, Pouteria, Nestegis, Leptecophylla and Alyxia stellata. Psidium cattleianum invading slopes and Rubus argutus along the valley floor. Preserved_Specimen Healthy tree, 6 m tall. Drk bark. Lvs pubescent with crenate margins and reddish petioles. No frt/fls. Three indivisuals at locale, two healthy (one vouchered by NT), one with main trunk dead and single resprout from base. Trauernicht, C. 613 Kauai BISH 2008-11-06
23 Xylosma crenata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Perrottetia, Dubautia knudsenii, Scaevola procera, Psidium cattleianum, Rubus argutus, Hedyotis terminalis, Claoxylon, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron; N side of stream Preserved_Specimen 6 m; top broken; double trunk Wood, K.R. 9055 Kauai BISH 2001-08-07
Back to Top