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Cyrtandra rivularis

H.St.John & Storey (1950)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems many-branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–4 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, asymmetrical, elliptic, occasionally broadly so, 6.3–21 cm long, 1.8–6.8 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate to attenuate. Upper surfaces sparsely to moderately appressed hirtellous; lower surfaces moderately to densely velvety short–pilose, the hairs rust–colored; thick, chartaceous. Margins serrulate to occasionally serrate. Lower surface with raised veins. Petioles 1.8–6.5 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 2–5 in umbelliform cymes arising in the leaf axils, occasionally along stems, short–pilose throughout, peduncles 14–32 mm long, pedicels 10–15 mm long, elongating to 15–25 mm long in fruit, bracts elliptic, distinct or occasionally connate, 8–15 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, greenish white when fresh(?), 8–12 mm long, enlarging up to ca. 15 mm long in fruit, cleft ⅓–1⁄2 its length, rarely slightly more, the lobes narrowly deltate, moderately to densely appressed short–pilose, glabrous within, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube subcylindrical, straight or curved, flaring slightly at mouth, 15–17 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter medially, moderately pilose, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly rhombic, ca. 3–4 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, lower lobes rhombic–orbicular, 5–5.5 mm long, 5–6 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous or rarely with a few scattered hairs, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 5–7 mm long, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid; 1.3–2 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.5–0.6 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: (250–)520–670 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 20: 85 (1950)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:777 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 475 Kauai BISH 12/24/1908
2 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Range, Kaluanui Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Storey, W. B. 188 Oahu US 5/8/1932
3 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey punaluu, koolau mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 683 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
4 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 920 Oahu BISH 11/14/1908
5 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey punaluu, koolau mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 741 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
6 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 475 Oahu BISH 12/24/1908
7 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 388 Oahu BISH 12/24/1908
8 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 768 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
9 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu Growing on rock wall along the stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 155 Oahu BISH 12/8/1908
10 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 920 Oahu BISH 11/14/1908
11 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau range; punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 333 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
12 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts, kaluanui valley Overhanging stream from rocky walls above the second waterfall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN storey, w.b. collector number: 171 Oahu BISH 7/4/1931
13 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 740 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
14 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Kaawa, W ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hume, E.P. 151 Oahu BISH 4/12/1931
15 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 330 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
16 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 740 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
17 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu Growing on rock wall along the stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 155 Oahu BISH 12/8/1908
18 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey puu ohulehule On slopes leading to summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. kores, p. collector number: 100 Oahu BISH 3/25/1979
19 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 897 Oahu BISH 11/14/1908
20 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Punaluu, Koolau Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 741 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
21 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 388 Oahu BISH 12/24/1908
22 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Kaluanui Stream, Koolau Mts wet forest, steep rock bank above stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 23373 Oahu BISH 5/23/1948
23 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 763 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
24 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 373 Oahu BISH 12/24/1908
25 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 763 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
26 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Kaaawa, West ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hume, E.P. 153 Oahu BISH 4/12/1931
27 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 897 Oahu BISH 11/14/1908
28 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts, Kaluanui Valley Overhanging stream from rocky walls above the second waterfall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Storey, W.B. 171 Oahu BISH 7/4/1931
29 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey kaawa, w ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hume, e.p. collector number: 151 Oahu BISH 4/12/1931
30 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., kaluanui valley, above 2nd waterfall rocky walls overhanging stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN storey, w.b. collector number: 188 Oahu BISH 5/8/1932
31 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 373 Oahu BISH 12/24/1908
32 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Waikane, Waikane-Schofield Trail Wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 8786 Oahu BISH 10/16/1932
33 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Kaluanui Valley, above 2nd waterfall rocky walls overhanging stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Storey, W.B. 188 Oahu BISH 5/8/1932
34 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey waiahole valley Acacia - Sapindus - Microlepia forest community PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1919
35 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 768 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
36 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Puu Ohulehule On slopes leading to summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 100 Oahu BISH 3/25/1979
37 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau mts., waikane, waikane-schofield trail Wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 8786 Oahu BISH 10/16/1932
38 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey kaluanui stream, koolau mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 23373 Pearl And Hermes Reef BISH 5/23/1948
39 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Mts., Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 330 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
40 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Koolau Range; Punaluu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 333 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
41 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Punaluu, Koolau Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 683 Oahu BISH 12/3/1908
42 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey West rim of Kaipapa'u which devides Koloa Gulch; steep slopes on th Kaipapa'u side; above gulch headwaters on banks. Lowland Metrosideros mixed shrub/fern wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7559 Oahu PTBG 10/27/1998
43 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey koolau range, kaluanui valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. storey 188 Oahu US 5/8/1932
44 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey kaluanui valley, koolau range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. storey 171 Oahu US 7/4/1931
45 Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey Kaluanui Valley, Koolau Range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Storey, W. B. 171 Oahu US 7/4/1931
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