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Viola lanaiensis

W.Becker (1916)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small, erect, unbranched or few–branched subshrubs 10–40 cm tall.

Stems:

Roots: From a taproot, sometimes rooting from lower part of stem.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered toward upper part of stem. Blades elliptic–lanceolate, 6–11 cm long, 1.3–2.7 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base attenuate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins callose–serrulate. Lateral veins arcuate. Petioles 0.5–1.5(–2) cm long. Stipules thin, deltate, 8–10 mm long, 3–3.5 mm wide, margins fimbriate, at least some of the teeth 2–6 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, 1(–4) in the upper leaf axils, peduncles 5–15 mm long, pedicels 20–30(–50) mm long, bracteoles above middle. Flowers bisexual (perfect); apparently all chasmogamous. Calyx of 5 sepals, subequal, oblong–lanceolate, 5–6 mm long, imbricate, lateral ones slightly longer, base slightly prolonged, prolonged into appendages below the point of insertion, persistent. Corolla zygomorphic, consisting of 5 distinct petals, these unequal, lateral ones smaller than upper pair, petals white tinged purple or with purple veins, upper and lateral ones ca. 9–14 mm long, lower one ca.11.5–15 mm long, all petals glabrous. Stamens 5, ca. 3.4–3.7 mm long, connective of lower ones prolonged into a nose–shaped structure ca. 1 mm long, staminal filaments coherent around ovary; anther connective of lower Stamens prolonged into an appendage, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules numerous per placenta, anatropous, placentation parietal; style 1.

Fruit: Capsules with loculicidal dehiscence; 9–13.5 mm long. Seeds numerous; brown; obovoid; 1.9–2.2 mm long; ca. 1.2 mm in diameter; seed coat somewhat leathery; dull; apex rounded; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 80

Habitat: Ridges and slopes.

Elevation Range: 850–980 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 214 (1916)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1334 (L); Havran et al. 2012 (WM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 197.l. Lanai US
2 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H. L.; Brosius, C.; LaBram, J. H31008 Maui US 3/23/2010
3 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. L. Oppenheimer, C. Brosius & J. LaBram H31008 Maui US 3/23/2010
4 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14651 Lanai US 9/21/1916
5 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14651 Lanai US 9/21/2016
6 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. l. oppenheimer, c. brosius & j. labram h31008 Maui US 3/23/2010
7 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kauai US 8/8/1973
8 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 197.L. Lanai US 6/13/2020
9 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8046 Lanai BISH 7/25/1910
10 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 14651 Lanai BISH 9/21/1916
11 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Steep ravine slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN montgomery, s.l. collector number: s.n. Lanai BISH 8/30/1979
12 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 111.l Lanai BISH 3/17/1914
13 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 197.L Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
14 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 14651 Lanai BISH 9/21/1916
15 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 111.L Lanai BISH 3/17/1914
16 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H31008B Maui PTBG 3/23/2010
17 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: s.n. Lanai BISH
18 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Steep ravine slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Montgomery, S.L. s.n. Lanai BISH 8/30/1979
19 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. s.n. Lanai BISH 3/1/1919
20 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 282.l Molokai BISH 6/1/1917
21 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 24 l Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
22 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Along highway. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 197.l Kauai BISH 6/1/1913
23 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. s.n. Lanai BISH
24 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: s.n. Lanai BISH 3/1/1919
25 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 282.L Lanai BISH 6/1/1917
26 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN montgomery, s.l. Oahu BISH 8/8/1979
27 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In boggy ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock JFC Rock, JFC 8046 L 7/25/1910
28 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H31008A Maui PTBG 3/23/2010
29 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 11799 Lanai PTBG 4/29/1991
30 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Riparian. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6008 Lanai PTBG 2/13/1997
31 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 197l NY 6/7/1913
32 Viola lanaiensis W.Becker Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 24 L Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
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