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Pityrogramma austroamericana

Domin (1928)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Pteridaceae Genus: Pityrogramma

goldback fern, goldback fern; tattoo fern, golden fern, goldfern

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Bibliography

Name Published In: Spisy Prír. Fak. Karlovy Univ. 88: 7 (1928)

Other References

Palmer 2003:207 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:51 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mountains: Puu Manawahua Bare ridge. Preserved_Specimen Yellow dust. St.John, H. 9891 Oahu BISH 1929-09-29
2 Pityrogramma austroamericana About 1.5 miles from Pali Highway on Quarry Road Small, dense clump in road bank with Nephrolepis sp. Preserved_Specimen Smith, L.B. 72 Oahu BISH 1976-02-12
3 Pityrogramma austroamericana Laaukahi, Koloa Tufts on trail. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13456 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
4 Pityrogramma austroamericana NE part of island near Waaiki Gulch Plant seen infrequently in rock cracks near bottom of gully in shade of Prosopis pallida and Nicotiana glauca trees. Preserved_Specimen Small fern. Underside of fertile fronds bright yellow. Cuddihy, L.W. 406 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-24
5 Pityrogramma austroamericana Central Honolulu: Kapiolani Avenue; Princess Leilani Condominium Growing in full sun as weed, with Portulaca in bed. Preserved_Specimen Yee, R.S.N. 32 Oahu BISH 1971-10-21
6 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mountains: Head of Makua Valley; Makua Dry ridge under trees. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9065 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
7 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mountains: Mt. Kaala On open recently uprooted slope. Preserved_Specimen Bushy herb up to 40 cm. tall. Rachis black, green towards tip. Leaves dark green above, lighter green below. Sporangia sulphur yellow. Young shoots and base of rachis covered by long brown hairs. Curled up shoots covered with sulphur yellow powder. van Royen, P. 10158 Oahu BISH 1967-08-02
8 Pityrogramma austroamericana Main highway above descent into Halawa Valley On steep roadside cut. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 2444 Molokai BISH 1994-06-05
9 Pityrogramma austroamericana East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Forest Reserve, ridge E of Kaupo Gap Vegetation: Acacia, Dodonaea and Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. Maui BISH 1976-06-29
10 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Pauoa-Konahuanui Trail Growing on rocky cliff. Preserved_Specimen Fern specimen. About 6-7 inches high. Garber, D.W. 483 Oahu BISH 1920-07-11
11 Pityrogramma austroamericana South Kona District: Captain Cook; at the Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden Growing in yard. Preserved_Specimen Fern. Tanodra, A. 641 Hawaii BISH 1990-05-19
12 Pityrogramma austroamericana East Maui; along a roadside in the vicinity of Olinda Colleciton made in a pasture along a roadside. Associated vegetation: Sadleria cyatheoides, Styphelia tameiameiae, Rubus argutus, Dicranopteris linearis, Melinis minutiflora, Hypochoeris radicata, Andropogon virginicus, Holcus lanatus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 277 Maui BISH 1998-01-05
13 Pityrogramma austroamericana Koolau Range: Kaluanui Stream Valley below Sacred Falls. East slope of Koolau Range, 1.6 miles S 2.1 miles SSW or Hauula Damp vertical volcanic cliff face. Deeply entrenched 1200 ft. gorge in volcanic rock. In huge clumps 1 meter in diameter. At base of eroded volcanic earth bank in full sun, at base of steep, highly disturbed mountain spur above open weedy woods and thickets mouth of gorge. Steep, highly disturbed mountain spur above (Styphellia, Gleichenia, Acacia koa, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. Oahu BISH 1967-07-27
14 Pityrogramma austroamericana Halenanahu, near Kilohana Crater Naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30424 Kauai BISH 1926-06-12
15 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waikane-Waiahole trail Sunny bank. Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3275 Oahu BISH 1926-01-03
16 Pityrogramma austroamericana W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Mesic Shrubland on a cindery ridge with occasional Metrosideros and tussocks of Rhynchelytrum repens Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 993 Maui BISH 1991-07-09
17 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mountains: eroded place on the start of the ridge beside Kupehau Gulch Preserved_Specimen Yellow dust. Wilbur, R.L. 292 Oahu BISH 1947-11-06
18 Pityrogramma austroamericana Mango grove. E of hairpin turn - Pali Road Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2665 Oahu BISH 1923-06-17
19 Pityrogramma austroamericana Kauai Preserved_Specimen Forests near Kokee range station Skottsberg, C.J.F. 938 Kauai BISH 1922-10-27
20 Pityrogramma austroamericana Near Hilina Pali Shelter Preserved_Specimen Yellow dust. Fagerlund, G.O. 147 Hawaii BISH 1942-11-12
21 Pityrogramma austroamericana Kaholuamanu, Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1327 Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
22 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Range: Road to Mt. Kaala Summit Roas side bank. Common. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 2312 Oahu BISH 1992-03-17
23 Pityrogramma austroamericana Puuwaawaa; dirt banks in heavily grazed rangeland, near the E margin of the 1986 burn Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5739 Hawaii BISH 1989-04-01
24 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Yellow dust. Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-04-01
25 Pityrogramma austroamericana In pineapple fields NE of Lahaina Preserved_Specimen Yellow dust. Cranwell, L.M. Maui BISH 1938-08-03
26 Pityrogramma austroamericana Kawaikoi Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1930-08-22
27 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1089 Oahu BISH 1909-02-05
28 Pityrogramma austroamericana Oahu Preserved_Specimen Gold fern. (Not on sheet) Oahu BISH 1953-02-01
29 Pityrogramma austroamericana Pohue Bay; archeological ring 2 miles S of bay Scattered scrub, grasses and herbs. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10204 Hawaii BISH 1984-03-26
30 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Yellow dust. Forbes, C.N. 1089 Oahu BISH 1909-02-05
31 Pityrogramma austroamericana Mt. Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2693 Oahu BISH 1923-07-21
32 Pityrogramma austroamericana Palehua/Palikea Trail Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 218 Oahu BISH 1982-03-11
33 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Manoa Valley: Manoa Arboretum [Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Veriegated frond. Gold fern. Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-01-27
34 Pityrogramma austroamericana Road to Wahiawa Bog. Along roadouts Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 768 Kauai BISH 1955-06-15
35 Pityrogramma austroamericana Halemanu Preserved_Specimen Smith, F.G. Kauai BISH
36 Pityrogramma austroamericana PTBG: Lawai Valley On exposed, dry slopes. Uncommon in garden. Preserved_Specimen Gold form. Herbst, D.R. 2330 Kauai BISH 1972-01-12
37 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waikane Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) 35 Oahu BISH 1963-11-02
38 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waimea, Na Pali-Kona forest reserve, Mohihi road, between Kauaikinana and Kawaikoi streams Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 1019 Kauai BISH 1953-07-24
39 Pityrogramma austroamericana Along road E of Haiku and on the Beatrice Krauss property Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6190 Maui BISH 1969-12-28
40 Pityrogramma austroamericana Kaiholenaliilii Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 498 Lanai BISH 1930-02-01
41 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Manoa Valley; Manoa Arb. [Lyon Arboretum, Haukulu Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 66 Oahu BISH 1932-07-11
42 Pityrogramma austroamericana Koolau Mts.; Puu Uau; Keaiwa Heiau 21.4N 157.9W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611104000 Oahu BISH 1961-11-04
43 Pityrogramma austroamericana 3/10 [mile past mile marker 13 on Highway 470 on left (south) side of road Preserved_Specimen Vitale, S. 21 Molokai BISH 1983-01-01
44 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Kaala Road Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 2312 Oahu BISH 1992-03-17
45 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waiawa Water Tunnel Preserved_Specimen Brodie, A. Kauai BISH 1903-09-13
46 Pityrogramma austroamericana [?____ ____?] East of [?____ _____?]; Pali road Preserved_Specimen Topping, L.D. 2665 Oahu BISH 1923-06-17
47 Pityrogramma austroamericana East Maui: Waihoi Valley Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 2593 Maui BISH 1973-07-23
48 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waiakeakua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 59 Lanai BISH 1927-06-07
49 Pityrogramma austroamericana Oahu Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. Oahu BISH
50 Pityrogramma austroamericana Mt. Tantalus; 21.3N 157.8 W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620529005 Oahu BISH 1962-05-29
51 Pityrogramma austroamericana Hilina Pali (Escarpment) Hilina Pali Trail Pahoehoe lava on south end of Kau Desert, 2 miles from end of Hilina Pali Road mostly in cliff crevice. Andropogon glomeratus dominated (introd. ca. 1930 feet) grassland. Sand dunes formed by volcanic ash blown off Pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Big clumps, 1 meter across. Iltis, H.H. 120 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-22
52 Pityrogramma austroamericana Lanaihale, near Only 1 naturalized clump noticed on roadside bank of Munro Trail. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28519 Lanai BISH 1963-09-04
53 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mountains: Peacock Flat Growing on open road cuts, dry forest area. Preserved_Specimen Small fern to 35 cm tall. Fronds ovate; green on top, gold-yellow beneath when furtile due to naked sporangia. Stems black. Spence, G. 213 Oahu BISH 1973-09-06
54 Pityrogramma austroamericana Poamoho Trail, Paalaa-Wahiawa, Koolau range Trail side Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 17 Oahu BISH 1951-11-04
55 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waimano Trail (4-4.5 miles) On moist bank in forest. Preserved_Specimen Erect fern; 30 cm in height. Golden backs. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1556 Oahu BISH 1941-03-23
56 Pityrogramma austroamericana Road system between Ka'ena and Kealia trail Along road, growing from wet, seep like area Preserved_Specimen Largest fronds on this I've ever seen. This was growing almost colonially and covered an entire hillside. The typical smaller form was common too Faccenda, K. 2154 Oahu BISH 2021-11-06
57 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Nuuanu Pali Moist cut of road.to Pali. Preserved_Specimen Gillespie, J.W. 1039 Oahu BISH 1927-07-01
58 Pityrogramma austroamericana Koolau Mts., Waipio, Kipapa Gulch. On grassy slope. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 780 Oahu BISH 1932-09-25
59 Pityrogramma austroamericana Olowalu Valley, left side, to vertical cliff Unusual habitat far up the valley. Preserved_Specimen Rootstalk short, erect. One large specimen seen. Forbes, C.N. 2279 Maui BISH 1920-05-09
60 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mountains: Mauna Kapu; Honouliuli Base soil, upper ridge. Preserved_Specimen Powder golden. St.John, H. 11148 Oahu BISH 1933-11-22
61 Pityrogramma austroamericana Pia Valley In middle of erroded washed-out area. In amongst rocks. With Microsorum grossum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Metrosideros polymorpha, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia. Preserved_Specimen Tight clump forming fern 20-30 cm across. Bright conspicuous golden spores. Walvoord, N. 2023029 Oahu BISH 2023-10-24
62 Pityrogramma austroamericana Drive down Hilina Pali Road about 4.9 miles to beginning of Footprints Trail (heading west towards Mauna Loa). Walk 3.5 miles down this trail to about 50 meters west (below) the great fault pali. (plot 59) Extremely sparse desert community on shifting ash dunes. Plant was in an area with old pahoehoe lava covered with shifting black ash. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 762 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-02
63 Pityrogramma austroamericana Koolau Range: Kawailoa; Anahulu Trail Lower forest Preserved_Specimen Hartung, M. Oahu BISH 1935-03-10
64 Pityrogramma austroamericana East Maui, 11.5 miles E of Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Highway (Hwy. 31), 1.4 miles west of Manawainui In small canyon grazed by cattle. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4755 Maui BISH 1983-06-01
65 Pityrogramma austroamericana Drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk about 1.5 miles down Hilina Pali Switchback Trail. Plant was near the two large Metrosideros trees located about 10 meters from a sharp hairpin turn in trail and just below a small forest of trees. (plot 46a) Very open Metrosideros - Diospyros forest on `a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 268 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-02
66 Pityrogramma austroamericana NW of Kalaheo; along roadcut above Alexander Reservoir Reddish lateritic soil. Preserved_Specimen Foliage dark green, gold below; forming low clumps. Henrickson, J.S. 4040 Kauai BISH 1969-07-31
67 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waimea District: At the beginning of connecting trail to Alakai Swamp trail, near Kalalau lookout Growing in clumps. Common. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 282 Kauai BISH 1973-06-07
68 Pityrogramma austroamericana Poamoho Trail, Paalaa-Wahiawa, Koolau Mts Dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Growing in a clump. Higgins, N.H. 27 Oahu BISH 1955-11-20
69 Pityrogramma austroamericana West Maui; along Iao Stream Along rocky banks of Iao Stream. Specimen was situated with other vegetation consistent with that of an alien dominated stream corridor within Ohia Lowland Mesic Forest. Associated vegetation: Psidium guajava, Pluchea symphytifolia, Ageratina riparia, Oplismenus hirtellus, Melinis minutiflora, Thelypteris parasitica, Commelina diffusa. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 279 Maui BISH 1998-01-02
70 Pityrogramma austroamericana Kalaupapa Trail Occasional on basalt cliffs. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25235 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
71 Pityrogramma austroamericana Puu Manawahua, Waianae Mts. Dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. Oahu BISH 1930-11-01
72 Pityrogramma austroamericana Below Puu Kapu Dry ridge. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1543 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
73 Pityrogramma austroamericana East Maui, Haleakala Crater; Kaupo Gap Weed by trail. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Rare. clump 3 dm. diameter. Fronds yellow beneath. St.John, H. 21173 Maui BISH 1945-08-28
74 Pityrogramma austroamericana Poamoho. Ahupuaa of Paalaa. Northern Koolau mountains. Growing on muddy bank near trail head with Dicranella sp., Campylopus hawaiicus, Metrosideros polymorpha, Macherina angustifolia, Odontosoria chinensis, Vaccinium dentatum, Sadleria pallida, Christella parasitica, Nephrolepis brownii, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 682 Oahu BISH 2024-06-06
75 Pityrogramma austroamericana East Maui, Road around base of Haleakala, Kamohe Gulch-Manawainui Steep sloping gulch, growing in crevices of rock. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 94 Maui BISH 1951-12-26
76 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianae Mts., Peacock Flats Access Road On bluff face, western exposure. Preserved_Specimen Hernandez, J.P. 37 Oahu BISH 2006-02-18
77 Pityrogramma austroamericana Makakupaia. Kamiloloa Trail. Forest Reserve boundary Growing on steep roadside cut. Burned over area covered with Pinus. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 1567 Molokai BISH 1989-03-03
78 Pityrogramma austroamericana Haao Valley On basalt cliff of small gorge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23639 Niihau BISH 1949-04-01
79 Pityrogramma austroamericana Just below Wahiawa Swamp On Roadside. With Cyanea gayana, Dubautia, Astelia, Sadleria, Metrosideros, etc. Preserved_Specimen Fern. Gillett, G.W. 1540 Kauai BISH 1964-04-10
80 Pityrogramma austroamericana Honolulu: Tantalus Trail Moist humus. Preserved_Specimen Gold beneath. Cowan, R.S. 5 Oahu BISH 1946-07-21
81 Pityrogramma austroamericana Koolau Range: Poamoho Trail; Paalaa-Wahiawa On side of trail. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 17 Oahu BISH 1951-11-04
82 Pityrogramma austroamericana Waianaeuka: Puu Kaua; East Kahanu Gulch In the dry lowlands. Preserved_Specimen Davis, H. Oahu BISH 1932-11-15
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