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Stachytarpheta mutabilis

(Jacq.) Vahl (1804)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Verbenaceae Genus: Stachytarpheta

changeable vervain

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs or subshrubs 10–20(–50) dm tall.

Stems: Stems stout, branched, densely tomentose or villous throughout.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades usually rather thick and chartaceous or somewhat leathery, 5–12 cm long, 2.5–6 cm wide, ovate to elliptic–oblong, sometimes lanceolate. Apex acute to acuminate. Base broadly cuneate to occasionally subcordate. Upper surfaces often rugose and sparsely villous to scaberulous; lower surfaces densely tomentose or villous. Margins crenate or serrate, the teeth angled forward. Petioles 1–2.3 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal, indeterminate spikes, spikes stout, erect, 10–60 cm long, densely strigose or hirtellous, the furrows shallow; bracts lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8–12 mm long, persistent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx somewhat compressed, 8–12 mm long, the teeth subequal, minute. Corolla showy, scarlet, crimson to rose or magenta, fading pink, occasionally purple, fading blue, the tube 13–18 mm long, imbricate. Stamens 2, included in corolla tube, staminodes 2; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-celled, placentation axile; ovules 1 per cell, attached laterally, erect, anatropous; style elongate, filiform; stigma terminal.

Fruit: Schizocarps dry; oblong–linear; splitting at maturity into 2 hard cocci; enclosed by the persistent calyx. Seeds 1 per fruit; linear.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range: 90–190 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Notes

  • 90-190m
  • Description digitized by Ikaika Mendez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Native to the Neotropics from Mexica to northern South America and the West Indies, widely naturalized elsewhere, commonly cultivated as fences or hedges; in Hawaiʻi naturalized along Powerline Trail, Hanalei Valley, Kauaʻi. Cultivated prior to 1871.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 208 (1804)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1322 (K); Staples & Herbst 2005:555 (KEY), 569 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl hanalei valley, n wall, near sea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: 625 Kauai BISH 8/6/1928
2 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl power line trail, kalihikai weed by grassy roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. stone, b.c. collector number: 25540 Kauai BISH 6/17/1955
3 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Between Hanalei and Kilauea roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 459K Kauai BISH 9/1/1931
4 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Power Line Trail, Kalihikai weed by grassy roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25540 Kauai BISH 6/17/1955
5 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei District, Hanalei Valley along Hwy 56 between Hanalei River and Princeville Secondary vegetation with Psidium, Setaria, and Caesalpinia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 6170 Kauai BISH 6/6/1997
6 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl in pasture at hanalei end of the power line trail dry mamane, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass; on pahoehoe PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 5300 Hawaii BISH 5/15/1975
7 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei Valley along Hwy 56 between Hanalei River and Princeville. Secondary vegetation with Psidium, Setaria, and Caesalpinia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6170 Kauai PTBG 6/6/1997
8 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl waimea botanical garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN richard g. olmstead 92-207 NY 8/18/1992
9 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 21802 Kauai BISH 11/1/1986
10 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl waimea arboretum & botanical garden full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 2728 Oahu BISH 8/11/1986
11 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl North Shore, above Princeville, Kapa Kai Street. On north side of street, common. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070608A001. Weedy roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1399 Kauai PTBG 6/8/2007
12 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl hanalei district, hanalei valley along hwy 56 between hanalei river and princeville PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & d. h. lorence 6170 Kauai US 6/6/1997
13 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei District, Hanalei Valley along Hwy 56 between Hanalei River and Princeville PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Lorence, D. H. 6170 Kauai US 6/6/1997
14 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Wahiawa Botanical Gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Teraoka, W.; Whiteaker, L. 311 Maui US 7/3/1980
15 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl In pasture at Hanalei end of the Pole Line Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 5300 Kauai US 5/15/1975
16 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl wahiawa botanical gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. teraoka & l. whiteaker 311 Hawaii US 7/3/1980
17 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl in pasture at hanalei end of the pole line trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 5300 Kauai US 5/15/1975
18 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl wahiawa botanical gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN teraoka, w. whiteaker, l. collector number: 311 Oahu BISH 7/3/1980
19 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl hanalei valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. collector number: 21802 Kauai BISH 11/1/1986
20 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Foster Botanic Garden potted; full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1415 Oahu BISH 9/12/1985
21 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl foster botanic garden potted; full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1415 Oahu BISH 9/12/1985
22 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 2728 Oahu BISH 8/11/1986
23 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl power line trail, kalihikai, hanalei along jeep raod; second growth vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 807 Kauai BISH 6/16/1955
24 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl in pasture at Hanalei end of the Power Line Trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5300 Kauai BISH 5/15/1975
25 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5704 Kauai BISH 11/1/1986
26 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl hanalei valley roadsides PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 21485 Kauai BISH 12/29/1951
27 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Power line trail, Kalihikai, Hanalei along jeep raod; second growth vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 807 Kauai BISH 6/16/1955
28 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei Valley, N wall, near sea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. 625 Kauai BISH 8/6/1928
29 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl hanalei district, hanalei valley along hwy 56 between hanalei river and princeville Secondary vegetation with Psidium, Setaria, and Caesalpinia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. lorence, d.h. collector number: 6170 Kauai BISH 6/6/1997
30 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl hanalei valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. collector number: 5704 Kauai BISH 11/1/1986
31 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Wahiawa Botanical Gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Teraoka, W. 311 Oahu BISH 7/3/1980
32 Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Hanalei Valley roadsides PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 21485 Kauai BISH 12/29/1951
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