img

Artemisia mauiensis

(A.Gray) Skottsb. (1926)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Artemisia

‘āhinahina [ahinahina], hinahina

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Faintly aromatic subshrubs widely branching from base

Stems:

Roots: Roots a tap root.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate Apex acute. Margins bipinnatifid, deeply lobed or dissected.

Flowers:

Fruit: Fruit a simple; dry; achene (cypsela); gray or white in color; obconical (top-shaped attachment at the narrow end); glabrous; pubescent; ribbed/nerved.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 282 (1926)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:265 (EM); Staples & Herbst 2005:153 (KEY), 154 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. honolulu; kilgo's nursery origin said to have come from upper kula, maui (wild?) Potted PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3623 Oahu BISH 4/28/1987
2 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12268 Maui BISH 1/25/1928
3 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. puu nianiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 710 m Maui BISH 7/11/1919
4 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. honolulu; niu area, oka nursery & landscaping, 445 halaki st Potted, receives full sun in the morning, shaded in the afternoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. cory, c. collector number: 1946 Oahu BISH 2/3/1986
5 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. mountains, east maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes expedition GH
6 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala national park; steep gorges below pun niauniau on bushes PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. w. rundel NY
7 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. hawaiian islands: east maui, s. hope, auahi, nov. 1910. jf. rock n. 8667, typus. [carl skottsberg scripsit] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j. f. 8667 GB
8 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala national park; above koolau gap on haleakala, halemauu trail; on black rock cliffs, east-facing In narrow Metrosideros-dominated gully; On more-or-less exposed boulder PRESERVED_SPECIMEN leila m. shultz; john s. shultz 6363 MICH 12/20/1982
9 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala National Park. Outplanted in area between Visitor Center, road, and parking lot. Landscaped planting area next to Visitor Center. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Seana Walsh SKW195 Maui PTBG 2/23/2016
10 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui. West slope of Haleakala, south fork of Poahuokala Gulch, mauka of Puu Pahu. Degraded subalpine shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H121507 Maui PTBG 12/28/2015
11 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Honolulu, Niu area, Oka Nursery & Landscaping, 445 Halaki St PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J.; Cory, C. 1946 Oahu US 2/3/1986
12 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. W. slope of Haleakala, Pohakuokala Gulch. On cliffs & ledges out of reach of grazing & feral animals. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20922 Maui PTBG 2/11/2009
13 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. waikamoi nature conservancy reserve. north haleakala. High elevation scrubland, Metrosideros rainforest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN roger rosentreter 8126 SRP 8/7/1992
14 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. On dry cliffs within Haleakala Crater on Koolau Gap side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2475 Maui US 1/20/2028
15 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala, halemau`u trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Laysan US
16 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. E Maui. S slope of Haleakala, beyond Auahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8667 Maui US 11/10/2020
17 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. crater of haleakala, e maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8606 Maui US 10/22/1910
18 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Cliffs S of Kuiki along E side of Kaupo Gap, Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Salucop, F. 12456 Maui US 8/15/1939
19 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. e maui: kahikinui for res; drainage of waoala; se slopes of haleakala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 4255 Hawaii US 5/3/1995
20 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. honolulu, niu area, oka nursery & landscaping, 445 halaki st PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. lau & c. cory 1946 Oahu US 2/3/1986
21 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 545 Maui US
22 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Crater of Haleakala, E Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8606 Maui US 10/22/2010
23 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. quad: maui, maui zoological and botanical garden, wailuku. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN r. sylva Hawaii US 1/1/1979
24 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala national park, above koolau gap on haleakala, halemauu trail Infrequenton black rockcliffs, E facing. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN shultz, l.m. shultz, j.s. collector number: 6364 Maui BISH 12/20/1982
25 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. healeakala national park; halemuu trail above koolau gap Moist wooded ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN leila m. shultz; john s. shultz 6364 Oahu US 12/20/1982
26 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. e maui. s slope of haleakala, beyond auahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8667 Maui US
27 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala Crater, W base of Hanakauhi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Mitchell, A. L. 21258 Maui US 9/1/1945
28 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. on dry cliffs within haleakala crater on koolau gap side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2475 Maui US 1/20/1928
29 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. cliffs s of kuiki along e side of kaupo gap, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & f. salucop 12456 Maui US 8/15/1939
30 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. cultivated; maui botanical and zoological gardens, between kihilei and wailuku, elevation near sea level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN leila m. shultz; renee silva 6392 USU 12/22/1982
31 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Healeakala National Park; Halemuu trail above Koolau Gap Rocks, east-facing sliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Leila M. Shultz; John S. Shultz 6364 UTC 12/20/1982
32 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala National Park; Above Koolau Gap on Haleakala, Halemauu trail; on black rock cliffs, east-facing PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Leila M. Shultz; John S. Shultz 6363 UTC 12/20/1982
33 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. s slope of haleakala, beyond auwahi dense rainforest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8667 Kauai BISH 11/1/1910
34 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Haleakala Crater Cliffs behind Holua cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. East Maui 14 Maui BISH 8/25/1983
35 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Ainahou, Koolau Gap Growing on palis of W rim PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 746 Maui BISH 12/20/1979
36 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. w haleakala On face of steep rock wall, associated with Dodonaea, Santalum haleakalae, Dubautia, 2 native & 1 introduced spsecies of Geranium, & Introduced grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 803 Maui BISH 12/19/1967
37 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 12268 Maui BISH 1/25/1928
38 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, holua, also seen on cliffs at waikan & leleiwi pali In moderately wet location on old lava flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN olson, g.e. collector number: 82 Maui BISH 8/25/1937
39 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. S slope of Haleakala, beyond Auwahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8667 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
40 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. W Haleakala On face of steep rock wall, associated with Dodonaea, Santalum haleakalae, Dubautia, 2 native & 1 introduced spsecies of Geranium, & Introduced grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 803 Maui BISH 12/19/1967
41 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kelly, M. s.n. Maui BISH 7/1/1962
42 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala crater, w kaupo gap On cliff walls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. loope, l.l. collector number: 431 Maui BISH 6/28/1983
43 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Makawao District, Kalialinui AHU, Tr 4(5), N slope of Haleakala, Upper Koolau Gap, E of Halemauu Trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2787 Maui BISH 7/13/1980
44 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. NE slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8606 a Maui BISH 10/1/1910
45 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. crater, maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes explor. exped. s.n. Maui US
46 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. CULTIVATED; Maui Botanical and Zoological Gardens, between Kihilei and Wailuku, elevation near sea level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Leila M. Shultz; Renee Silva 6392 UTC 12/22/1982
47 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala crater, w base of hanakauhi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john & a. mitchell 21258 Maui US 9/1/1945
48 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Puu Nianiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 710.M Maui BISH 7/11/1919
49 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala crater cliffs behind holua cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: east maui_14 Maui BISH 8/25/1983
50 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Holua, Also seen on cliffs at Waikan & Leleiwi Pali In moderately wet location on old lava flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Olson, G.E. 82 Maui BISH 8/25/1937
51 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Honolulu; Niu area, Oka Nursery & Landscaping, 445 Halaki St Potted, receives full sun in the morning, shaded in the afternoon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1946 Oahu BISH 2/3/1986
52 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Kahikinui, Wailaulau Gulch Clinging to cliff inaccessible to goats PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2240 Maui BISH 1/9/1985
53 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. s slope of haleakala On Bobea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2093 m Oahu BISH 3/24/1920
54 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Honolulu; Kilgo's Nursery Origin said to have come from upper Kula, Maui (wild?) Potted PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3623 Oahu BISH 4/28/1987
55 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. ne slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8606 a Maui BISH 10/1/1910
56 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2093 M Maui BISH 3/24/1920
57 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, hana district, cliffs s of mt haleakala w side of kaupo gap Beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. ordonez; salucop, f. collector number: 12457 Oahu BISH 8/11/1939
58 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Hana District, Kahikinui, westerm Manawainui drainage basin Vegetation: Acacia/Metrosideros Montane Mesic Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H101411 Maui BISH 10/27/2014
59 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2450 ft on a cindery saddle above a steep gorge with low statured Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Carex wahuensis, Gnaphalium sandwicensium, Bidens menziesii, Schiedea menziesii, Sida, Pellaea, Rhynchelytrum and exotic herbs and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1515 Maui BISH 1/11/1992
60 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, ainahou, koolau gap Growing on palis of W rim PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 746 Maui BISH 12/20/1979
61 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. crater of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8606 Maui BISH 10/22/1910
62 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Makawao District, west slope of Haleakala, south fork of Pohakuokala Gulch, mauka of Puu Pahu. Occasional on cliffs. Vegetation: Degraded Supalpine Shrubland with Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Sophora chrysophlla, Dodonaea viscosa, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteridium, Asplenium, Artemisia, Senecio, Holcus, Deschampsia, Polystichum, Luzula, Asplenium, Vaccinium, Coprosma, Carex. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H121507 Maui BISH 12/28/2016
63 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Haleakala Crater, W Kaupo Gap On cliff walls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 431 Maui BISH 6/28/1983
64 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala crater koolau gap side On dry cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 2475 Maui BISH 1/20/1928
65 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Puunianiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 42 Maui BISH 7/3/1978
66 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, hana district, haleakala crater cliffs s of kuiki, along e side of kaupo gap Cliffs often fog-swept PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 12456 Maui BISH 8/15/1939
67 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. w maui, lahaina district, lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2450 ft on a cindery saddle above a steep gorge with low statured Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Carex wahuensis, Gnaphalium sandwicensium, Bidens menziesii, Schiedea menziesii, Sida, Pellaea, Rhynchelytrum and exotic herbs and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. haus, b. collector number: 1515 Maui BISH 1/11/1992
68 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala crater cliffs behind holua cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. funk, e. collector number: east maui_14 Maui BISH 8/25/1983
69 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Kahikinui, Manawainui Gulch Growing from cracks in shady cliff PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2274 Maui BISH 1/30/1985
70 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. inside haleakala On crater wall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 10/16/1922
71 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Crater of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8606 Maui BISH 10/22/1910
72 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 292 m Maui BISH 8/8/1910
73 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Hana District, Cliffs S of Mt Haleakala W side of Kaupo gap Cliffs occasionally fog-swept PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12457 Maui BISH 8/11/1939
74 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Haleakala National Park, above Koolau Gap on Haleakala, Halemauu trail Infrequenton black rockcliffs, E facing. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Shultz, L.M. 6364 Maui BISH 12/20/1982
75 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Inside Haleakala On crater wall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. s.n. Maui BISH 10/16/1922
76 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Makawao District. Haleakala National Park. Outplanted in area between Visitor Center, road, and parking lot. Landscaped planting area next to Visitor Center. W/ outplanted Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Metrosideros polymorpha, and Sophora chrysophylla PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walsh, S. SKW195 Maui BISH 2/23/2016
77 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. s slope of haleakala, beyond auwahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8667 Hawaii US 11/1/1910
78 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. s slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2093 m Maui BISH 3/24/1920
79 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kelly, m. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 7/1/1962
80 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. E Maui, Makawao District, W slope of Haleakala, Hapapa Gulch Growing on ledges and rooted in cracks on vertical gulch walls out of the reach of feral goats. Vegetation: Degraded Subalpine Shrubland Riparian Metrosideros Forest, w. Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Dodonaea, Sophora, Dubautia, Coprosma, Dryopteris, Pteridium, Asplenium, Deschampsia, Carex, Pittosporum, Pteris, Korthalsella, Elaphoglossum, Polypodium, Holcus, Morella, Erigeron, Ageratina, Lythrum, Anthoxanthum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H111005 Maui BISH 11/5/2010
81 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8606a Maui BISH 10/1/1910
82 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala Crater Cliffs S of Kuiki, along E side of Kaupo gap Cliffs often fog-swept PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12456 Maui BISH 8/15/1939
83 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. puunianiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. sylva, r. collector number: 42 Oahu BISH 7/3/1978
84 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8606a Maui BISH
85 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala Crater Koolau gap side On dry cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2475 Maui BISH 1/20/1928
86 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala cliffs s of kuiki along e side of kaupo gap Cliffs often fog-swept PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. salucop, f. collector number: 12456 Maui BISH 8/15/1939
87 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, kahikinui, wailaulau gulch Clinging to cliff inaccessible to goats PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2240 Maui BISH 1/9/1985
88 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Haleakala Crater, W base of Hanakauhi On steep lava cliff PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 21258 Maui BISH 9/1/1945
89 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. East Maui, Haleakala Cliffs S of Kuiki along E side of Kaupo Gap Cliffs often fog-swept PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12456 Maui BISH 8/15/1939
90 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, haleakala crater, w base of hanakauhi Metrosideros-Dicronopteris Lowland Wet Forest. Associated Plants; Isodendrion longifolium, Panicum lineale, Cyanea recta, Melicope, Bidens campylotheca subsp. campylotheca, Hesperomannia, Adenophorus periens, Joinvillea, Prichardia sp. nov., Tetraplasandra, Syzygium, Psychotria, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Antidesma, Dubautia, Alyxia, Cheirodendron, Boehmeria, Urera, Numerous pteridophytes in shrub layer. Major threats: Pigs, Clidemia, Musa, Nephrolepis, Lantana, Rubus rosifolius, Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. mitchell, a. collector number: 21258 Kauai BISH 9/1/1945
91 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. Haleakala Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 292 M Maui BISH 8/1/1910
92 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, makawao district, kalialinui ahu, tr 4(5), n slope of haleakala, upper koolau gap, e of halemauu trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2787 Maui BISH 7/13/1980
93 Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsb. east maui, kahikinui, manawainui gulch Growing from cracks in shady cliff PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2274 Maui BISH 1/30/1985
Back to Top