img

Ilex paraguariensis

A.St.-Hil. (1822)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Aquifoliales Family: Aquifoliaceae Genus: Ilex

paraguay tea, yerba maté [yerba mate]

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Evergreen shrubs or small trees 4–7 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to obovate, 2.5–13(–25) cm long, 2–6.4 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous, dark green; Blades glabrous. Margins undulate and coarsely crenate in the upper ⅔. Petiolate. Stipules minute.

Flowers: Flowers in numerous small cymes along the current year's growth, usually 1–2 cm long. Peduncles flattened, 0.5–0.8 cm long. Flowers unisexual, occasionally some of the flowers appearing bisexual (perfect). pedicels ca. 2–6 mm long with 2 bracteoles below the middle, these 2–3 mm long. Calyx 4-lobed, 0.4–0.6 mm long. Corolla lobes usually as many as sepals; usually 4–5, 1.5–2 mm long. Stamens as many as petals, inserted at the base of the corolla, staminodia in pistillate flowers similar to fertile stamens, but usually smaller. Ovary superior; 4-celled.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; with as many 1–seeded pyrenes as carpels. fruit dark red to brownish; ca. 6 mm in diameter. Seeds with abundant oily or proteinaceous endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 40

Habitat: Sparingly naturalized in mesic valleys.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

img
img

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native to Paraguay and adjacent Argentina and Brazil; in Hawai‘i cultivated and sparingly naturalized.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 351 (1822)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:224 (O); Staples & Herbst 2005:129 (KEY), 130 (DESCR)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Niu, Haleloa Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 103 Oahu PTBG 7/24/1974
2 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
3 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
4 Ilex paraguariensis maui county, maluhia boy scout trail to mt lanilili, ca 8 mi nw of kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. mckinnon, k. thorne & j. thorne 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
5 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
6 Ilex paraguariensis Maui County, Maluhia Boy Scout Trail to Mt Lanilili, ca 8 mi NW of Kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McKinnon, C. Z.; Thorne, K. H.; Thorne, J. 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
7 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
8 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Koolau 172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
9 Ilex paraguariensis forest of psidium cattleianum, top of manoa cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: koolau_172a Hawaii BISH 5/19/1984
10 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
11 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu. from nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
12 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1960
13 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Collector Number: Koolau_172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
14 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. Collector Number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
15 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
16 Ilex paraguariensis Mahaulepu Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
17 Ilex paraguariensis herbarium of the university of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
18 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
19 Ilex paraguariensis Waimea Canyon State Park; cultivated plants from cabins near Kokee Methodist Camp Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 Kauai HAPI 12/20/1996
20 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
21 Ilex paraguariensis Hoea Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
22 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
23 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. Collector Number: 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
24 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. Collector Number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
25 Ilex paraguariensis manoa district, h.s.p.a. plantation In wet, Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7544 Hawaii BISH 10/29/1934
26 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN B.C.Stone BISH 6/1/1960
27 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
28 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
29 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
30 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
31 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Niu, Haleloa Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 103 Oahu PTBG 7/24/1974
32 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
33 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
34 Ilex paraguariensis maui county, maluhia boy scout trail to mt lanilili, ca 8 mi nw of kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. mckinnon, k. thorne & j. thorne 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
35 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
36 Ilex paraguariensis Maui County, Maluhia Boy Scout Trail to Mt Lanilili, ca 8 mi NW of Kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McKinnon, C. Z.; Thorne, K. H.; Thorne, J. 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
37 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
38 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Koolau 172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
39 Ilex paraguariensis forest of psidium cattleianum, top of manoa cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: koolau_172a Hawaii BISH 5/19/1984
40 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
41 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu. from nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
42 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1960
43 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Collector Number: Koolau_172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
44 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. Collector Number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
45 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
46 Ilex paraguariensis Mahaulepu Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
47 Ilex paraguariensis herbarium of the university of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
48 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
49 Ilex paraguariensis Waimea Canyon State Park; cultivated plants from cabins near Kokee Methodist Camp Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 Kauai HAPI 12/20/1996
50 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
51 Ilex paraguariensis Hoea Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
52 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
53 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. Collector Number: 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
54 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. Collector Number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
55 Ilex paraguariensis manoa district, h.s.p.a. plantation In wet, Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7544 Hawaii BISH 10/29/1934
56 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN B.C.Stone BISH 6/1/1960
57 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
58 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
59 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
60 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
61 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Niu, Haleloa Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 103 Oahu PTBG 7/24/1974
62 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
63 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
64 Ilex paraguariensis maui county, maluhia boy scout trail to mt lanilili, ca 8 mi nw of kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. mckinnon, k. thorne & j. thorne 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
65 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
66 Ilex paraguariensis Maui County, Maluhia Boy Scout Trail to Mt Lanilili, ca 8 mi NW of Kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McKinnon, C. Z.; Thorne, K. H.; Thorne, J. 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
67 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
68 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Koolau 172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
69 Ilex paraguariensis forest of psidium cattleianum, top of manoa cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: koolau_172a Hawaii BISH 5/19/1984
70 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
71 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu. from nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
72 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1960
73 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Collector Number: Koolau_172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
74 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. Collector Number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
75 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
76 Ilex paraguariensis Mahaulepu Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
77 Ilex paraguariensis herbarium of the university of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
78 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
79 Ilex paraguariensis Waimea Canyon State Park; cultivated plants from cabins near Kokee Methodist Camp Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 Kauai HAPI 12/20/1996
80 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
81 Ilex paraguariensis Hoea Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
82 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
83 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. Collector Number: 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
84 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. Collector Number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
85 Ilex paraguariensis manoa district, h.s.p.a. plantation In wet, Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7544 Hawaii BISH 10/29/1934
86 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN B.C.Stone BISH 6/1/1960
87 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
88 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
89 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
90 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
91 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Niu, Haleloa Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 103 Oahu PTBG 7/24/1974
92 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
93 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 684 Oahu US 10/29/1967
94 Ilex paraguariensis maui county, maluhia boy scout trail to mt lanilili, ca 8 mi nw of kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. mckinnon, k. thorne & j. thorne 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
95 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
96 Ilex paraguariensis Maui County, Maluhia Boy Scout Trail to Mt Lanilili, ca 8 mi NW of Kahului PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McKinnon, C. Z.; Thorne, K. H.; Thorne, J. 577 Maui US 8/10/1993
97 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
98 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Koolau 172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
99 Ilex paraguariensis forest of psidium cattleianum, top of manoa cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: koolau_172a Hawaii BISH 5/19/1984
100 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
101 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu. from nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
102 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1960
103 Ilex paraguariensis Forest of Psidium cattleianum, top of Manoa Cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Collector Number: Koolau_172a Oahu BISH 5/19/1984
104 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. Collector Number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
105 Ilex paraguariensis lyon arboretum, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 221 Oahu BISH 6/14/1967
106 Ilex paraguariensis Mahaulepu Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
107 Ilex paraguariensis herbarium of the university of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
108 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
109 Ilex paraguariensis Waimea Canyon State Park; cultivated plants from cabins near Kokee Methodist Camp Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 Kauai HAPI 12/20/1996
110 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
111 Ilex paraguariensis Hoea Mesic forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 12/20/1996
112 Ilex paraguariensis Herbarium of the University of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 684 Oahu BISH 10/29/1967
113 Ilex paraguariensis Manoa District, H.S.P.A. Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. Collector Number: 7544 Oahu BISH 10/29/1934
114 Ilex paraguariensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. From nose of ridge just above section 10 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. Collector Number: 123 Oahu BISH 6/13/1975
115 Ilex paraguariensis manoa district, h.s.p.a. plantation In wet, Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7544 Hawaii BISH 10/29/1934
116 Ilex paraguariensis Honolulu, Manoa Cliff trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN B.C.Stone BISH 6/1/1960
117 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
118 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3213 NY 12/20/1996
119 Ilex paraguariensis round top-tantalus forest reserve, manoa cliff trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
120 Ilex paraguariensis Round Top-Tantalus Forest Reserve, Manoa Cliff Trail Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3207 NY 12/20/1996
Back to Top