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Sagittaria latifolia

Willd. (1805)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Alismataceae Genus: Sagittaria

arrowhead, broadleaf arrowhead, swamp potato

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Aquatic perennial herbs 2–15(–20) dm tall.

Stems: Arising from stout, tuberous rhizomes.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, crowded into a basal rosette. Blades erect, submerged ones, if present, linear and ribbon-like, emersed ones with blades sagittate, lateral lobes as long as terminal one, linear or ovate–deltate, 2–20 cm long, 0.5–12 cm wide, terminal lobe deltate to ovate–deltate or linear, 3–25 cm long, 0.7–35 cm wide. Apex acuminate to subobtuse. Margins cleft at leaf base in emergent leaves but otherwise entire. Primary veins parallel from base of blade to apex, secondary veins reticulate. Petioles 20–70 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in scapes few, 15–70(–90) cm long, shorter than or slightly longer than leaves each with 2–7 verticils of flowers. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious or dioecious), lower flowers pistillate, upper ones staminate, and usually with some bisexual (perfect) flowers in the middle, or rarely all flowers bisexual (perfect). Pedicels 0.5–6 cm long, bracts 2–3 per flower, papery, lanceolate to deltate, 0.5–1(–1.5) cm long, usually gibbous. Calyx of 3 sepals, ovate, 5–10 mm long. Corolla of 3 petals, white, very broadly elliptic, 1–2 cm long, abruptly narrowed into a claw. Stamens numerous; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, carpels numerous, spirally arranged in a crowded head on a large globose receptacle; ovules 1-2, restricted to base of pistil, anatropous or amphitropous; style terminal or basilateral; stigma often decurrent.

Fruit: Achenes 2.5–4 mm long; dorsal margin winged; beak stout; extending at a right angle from the body; 0.5–1.5 mm long. Seeds without endosperm; embryo U-shaped.

Ploidy: 2n = 22

Habitat: Naturalized in low elevation wetlands; slow streams; and taro paddies.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (50)

Sagitta latifolia (Willd.) Nieuwl. (1913)
Sagittaria engelmanniana subsp. longirostra (Micheli) Bogin (1955)
Sagittaria esculenta Howell (1903)
Sagittaria gigantea Riddell (1853)
Sagittaria gracilis Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria hastata Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria hastata var. gracilis (Pursh) Nutt. (1818)
Sagittaria latifolia f. diversifolia B.L.Rob. (1908)
Sagittaria latifolia f. gracilis B.L.Rob. (1908)
Sagittaria latifolia f. hastata B.L.Rob. (1908)
Sagittaria latifolia var. glabra Buchenau (1903)
Sagittaria latifolia var. major Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria latifolia var. obtusa (Engelm.) Wiegand (1925)
Sagittaria latifolia var. pubescens (Torr.) J.G.Sm. (1894)
Sagittaria longirostra (Micheli) J.G.Sm. (1894)
Sagittaria obtusa Muhl. ex Willd. (1805)
Sagittaria ornithorhyncha Small (1933)
Sagittaria planipes Fernald (1947)
Sagittaria pubescens Muhl. (1813)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. angustifolia (Engelm.) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. gracilis (Pursh) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. hastata (Pursh) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. latifolia (Willd.) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. obtusa (Engelm.) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. angustifolia Hook. (1838)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. gracilis (Pursh) Torr. (1826)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. hastata (Pursh) Torr. (1826)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. latifolia (Willd.) Muhl. (1813)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. longirostra Micheli (1881)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. macrophylla Hook. (1838)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. pubescens Torr. (1826)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. variabilis (Engelm.) Micheli (1881)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. vulgaris Hook. (1838)
Sagittaria sagittifolius (Misapplied)
Sagittaria simplex Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria variabilis Engelm. (1848)
Sagittaria variabilis f. angustifolia E.L.Rand & Redfield (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis f. hastata E.L.Rand & Redfield (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis f. obtusa E.L.Rand & Redfield (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis var. angustifolia Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. diversifolia Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. echinocephala Engelm. ex J.G.Sm. (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis var. gracilis (Pursh) Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. hastata (Pursh) Engelm. (1867)
Sagittaria variabilis var. latifolia (Willd.) Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. obtusa Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. pubescens (Torr.) Engelm. (1867)
Sagittaria variabilis var. sagittifolia Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria viscosa C.Mohr (1897)
Urospatha friedrichsthalii Schott (1853)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 409 (1805)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1355 (K, O, M); Imada et al. 2000:9 (H); Staples & Herbst 2005:591 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Honolulu: Kalihi Street, near Bishop Museum In water by road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 10/9/1930
2 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Waikane In swampy abandoned taro patch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 20313 Oahu BISH 8/1/1942
3 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Honolulu: Kalihi taro patches PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2533.O Oahu BISH 3/3/1919
4 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Waimea Arboretum In partial shade. Plants with bases submerged. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 2803 Oahu BISH 9/9/1986
5 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. University of Hawaii Manoa Campus; courtyard of Krause Hall In a lily pool among a dense mat of floating plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9591 Oahu BISH 4/4/1992
6 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. honolulu: kalihi street, near bishop museum In water by road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/9/1930
7 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Heeia Wetland, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing in 3-5 inches of water, along with Ludwigia octovalvis, Brachiaria mutica, Commelina diffusa, Cyclosorus interruptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-054 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
8 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. kailua; kawainui marsh At edge of canals. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10518 Oahu BISH 5/4/1930
9 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. waikane In swampy abandoned taro patch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 20313 Oahu BISH 8/8/1942
10 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. heeia wetland, kaneohe, oahu Growing in 3-5 inches of water, along with Ludwigia octovalvis, Brachiaria mutica, Commelina diffusa, Cyclosorus interruptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c.; chun, c. collector number: 2005-054 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
11 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Waipio, near Farrington Hwy slow moving, slightly salty stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yamaguchi, R. s.n. Oahu BISH 11/3/1942
12 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. hii mountains PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 629.k Kauai BISH 10/20/1916
13 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. waimea arboretum In partial shade. Plants with bases submerged. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 2803 Oahu BISH 9/9/1986
14 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Kailua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN HSPA Employee Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 9/2/1933
15 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Heeia Wetland, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing in 3-5 inches of water, along with Ludwigia octovalvis, Brachiaria mutica, Commelina diffusa, Cyclosorus interruptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C.; Chun, C. Collector Number: 2005-054 Oahu BISH 2/11/2005
16 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. honolulu: kalihi taro patches PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2533.o Oahu BISH 3/3/1919
17 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Kailua; Kawainui Swamp At edge of canals; uncommon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10518 Oahu BISH 5/4/1930
18 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. waipio, near farrington hwy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yamaguchi, r. Oahu BISH 2/24/1941
19 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. waipahu cultural gardens; 94-695 waipahu st Growing in a flooded paddy field in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. cory, c. collector number: 2113 Oahu BISH 3/10/1986
20 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Heeia Wetland, Kaneohe, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Joel Lau with C. Cory Oahu HAPI 3/10/1986
21 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. kailua; kawainui swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10518 Oahu BISH 5/4/1930
22 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Hii Mountains PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 629.K Kauai BISH 10/20/1916
23 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Next to road between the wet cave and Haena Beach Found occassionally along the edge of marshy area next to road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Kauai BISH 6/16/1978
24 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. next to road between the wet cave and haena beach Found occassionally along the edge of marshy area next to road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 6/16/1978
25 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, taro farm ca. 2 miles into the valley In wetland taro paddy with Eleocharis radicans, Echinochloa crusgalli. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Collector Number: 99-28 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
26 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Next to road between the wet cave and Haena Beach Found occassionally along the edge of marshy area next to road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Collector Number: s.n. Kauai BISH 6/16/1978
27 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. hamakua district, waipio valley, taro farm ca. 2 miles into the valley In wetland taro paddy with Eleocharis radicans, Echinochloa crusgalli. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. collector number: 99-28 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
28 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, taro farm ca. 2 miles into the valley In wetland taro paddy with Eleocharis radicans, Echinochloa crusgalli. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 99-28 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
29 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. university of hawaii manoa campus; courtyard of krause hall In a lily pool among a dense mat of floating plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. staples iii, g.w. collector number: 9591 Oahu BISH 4/4/1992
30 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. kailua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hspa employee collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 9/2/1933
31 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Waipio, near Farrington Hwy slow moving, slightly salty stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yamaguchi, R. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/24/1941
32 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. waipio, near farrington hwy Along ridge. Stunted forest dominated by Dicranopteris and Metrosideros. With Syzygium, Metrosideros, Antidesma and Psychotria. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yamaguchi, r. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 11/3/1942
33 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. honolulu: manoa valley; university of hawaii manoa campus; courtyard of krause hall, growing in the lily pool Aquatic plant, growing among a dense mat of floating plants in lily pool. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. staples iii, g.s. collector number: 9591 Oahu BISH 4/4/1992
34 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Lihue. Nawiliwili Stream behind Menehune Shopping Village. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 971 Kauai PTBG 12/26/1984
35 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge; Hanalei Valley. In and around taro paddies; predominantly alien vegetation with remnant native wetland species. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 4747 Kauai PTBG 10/8/1991
36 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. O'ahu, Waipahu Cultural Gardens, 94-695 Waipahu St. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Joel Lau with C. Cory UNA 3/10/1986
37 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. W. Maui, Waihee Valley. In loi kalo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20919 Maui PTBG 2/10/2009
38 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. waikane, in swampy abandoned taro patch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 20313 Oahu US
39 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Kailua; Kawainui Marsh At edge of canals. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10518 Oahu BISH 5/4/1930
40 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. honolulu, kalihi valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14116 Oahu US 8/2/1916
41 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. kawainui marsh, above large lake PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 150 Oahu US 4/24/1977
42 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. kaneohe - coral gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 13902 Oahu US 6/29/1916
43 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Waipahu Cultural Gardens; 94-695 Waipahu St Growing in a flooded paddy field in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 2113 Oahu BISH 3/10/1986
44 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus; courtyard of Krause Hall, growing in the lily pool Aquatic plant, growing among a dense mat of floating plants in lily pool. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9591 Oahu BISH 4/4/1992
45 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Kailua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN HSPA Employee s.n. Oahu BISH 9/2/1933
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