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Clerodendrum chinense

(Osbeck) Mabb. (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Clerodendrum

chinese glory bower, pīkake hohono [pikake hohono]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Subshrubs up to 2 m tall.

Stems: Stems much-branched, quadrangular, densely strigose, downy-hairy.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, each pair at right angles to the next. Blades broadly ovate, 6–29 cm long, 5–28 cm wide. Apex acute. Base cordate to truncate. Surfaces sparsely to moderately strigillose; blades membranous. Margins coarsely and irregularly dentate, sometimes weakly 1–3-lobed. Petioles 2–23 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers numerous in dense, terminal, cymose inflorescences, often subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts, bracteoles numerous, oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3 cm long, strigillose, especially along the margins. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or sometimes unisexual (and then plants gynodioecious or rarely dioecious), fragrant. Calyx purple or red, sometimes with white spots, campanulate, 10–15 mm long, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla nearly actinomorphic or slightly irregular, pale pink or white, salverform, usually doubled by petaloid stamens, 5-lobed, the lobes subequal; tube ca. 0.5" long, limb ca. 1" diam.; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side. Stamens 4(5), in 2 pairs, inserted on corolla tube and usually long–exserted, aligned with the sinuses, usually modified as petals. Ovary superior, usually modified into extra petals, 4-celled, placentation axile; ovules 1 per cell, attached laterally, erect, anatropous; style 1, usually modified as petal.

Fruit: Fruit unknown. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy: 2n = 46; 52

Habitat: Naturalized in open; wet; partly shaded; disturbed areas at the edges of mesic and wet forest; taro paddies; or streams.

Elevation Range: 50–670 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Extirpated
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 1964-1865, unknown specific locality
  • 50-670m
  • Description digitized by Joanne
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • does not reproduce sexually, spreads solely via root suckers

Bibliography

Name Published In: Plant-book, reimpr.: 707 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1319 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as C. philippinum]); Wagner & Herbst 1995:26 (Syn. C. philippinum = C. chinense); Staples & Herbst 2005:559 (KEY), 560 (DESCR); Munro 444 BISH (L†, 1929)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clerodendrum chinense Manoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9542 Oahu BISH 1931-09-01
2 Clerodendrum chinense Maunalei Valley Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 323 Lanai BISH 1913-10-29
3 Clerodendrum chinense Kalihi Valley, by stream Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1415 Oahu BISH 1930-12-17
4 Clerodendrum chinense Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 965 Oahu BISH 1909-06-05
5 Clerodendrum chinense Nuuanu Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2032 Oahu BISH 1895-04-09
6 Clerodendrum chinense Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 965 Oahu BISH 1909-06-05
7 Clerodendrum chinense Volcano Road Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1044 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-02
8 Clerodendrum chinense Maunalei Valley Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 188 Lanai BISH 1913-10-29
9 Clerodendrum chinense Kona, Kealakekua coffee orchard Preserved_Specimen Iwane, J. Hawaii BISH 1959-03-03
10 Clerodendrum chinense Ahu Puak at Waipunalau ? Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. BISH 1954-12-29
11 Clerodendrum chinense unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
12 Clerodendrum chinense Maunalei Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 168 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
13 Clerodendrum chinense Waiakeakua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 444 Lanai BISH 1929-08-12
14 Clerodendrum chinense 1-1.5 miles from Pali Hwy. on Quarry Rd Very abundant along roadside for a great extent Preserved_Specimen Flowers a delicate shade of pink Smith, L.B. 67.1 Oahu BISH 1976-02-12
15 Clerodendrum chinense Maunawili Stream, head of Kawainui Marsh locally common, edge of pasture Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 54722 Oahu BISH 1978-03-28
16 Clerodendrum chinense Univ. Hawaii naturalized on farm Preserved_Specimen Kazuta 0.9543 Oahu BISH 1930-04-28
17 Clerodendrum chinense Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley, on western slope of valley Common woody shrub up to 4 ft. tall at base of talus slopes, growing with lauae fern, Bryophyllum, Psidium, Schinus. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9934 Hawaii BISH 1999-06-19
18 Clerodendrum chinense East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, N of Garden entrance along margin of forest Preserved_Specimen shrub of 3'. Leaves dark green above, pale green below. Calyx reddish-pink; petals numerous, white, Fragrant Flynn, T.W. 2603 Maui BISH 1987-11-10
19 Clerodendrum chinense Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-10-07
20 Clerodendrum chinense near Lawai cannery Preserved_Specimen Barnum, C.C. Kauai BISH 1932-03-25
21 Clerodendrum chinense East Maui, near Hana moist roadside Preserved_Specimen Sparsely branched shrub about 9', with delicately fragrant, white flowers Herbst, D.R. 863 Maui BISH 1968-01-06
22 Clerodendrum chinense East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, N of Garden entrance along margin of forest Preserved_Specimen shrub of 3'. Leaves dark green above, pale green below. Calyx reddish-pink; petals numerous, white, Fragrant Flynn, T.W. 2603 Maui BISH 1987-11-10
23 Clerodendrum chinense Wailau Valley wet taro land Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13241 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
24 Clerodendrum chinense Hanalei Valley, along banks of Hanalei River, especially near bridge where Hwy.56 crosses river Preserved_Specimen Flowers pinkish white, very fragrant Flynn, T.W. 1616 Kauai BISH 1986-03-27
25 Clerodendrum chinense Morgan Toledo Taro Farm, Waipio Valley, Big Island, Hawaii Growing along the road at the back of the property in a very large patch, wet soil. Preserved_Specimen Tall, erect, extremely stinky weed. Beautiful clusters of white flowers, rose-like, in pink bracts. Crago, L.M. 2005098 Hawaii BISH 2005-03-19
26 Clerodendrum chinense Manoa area, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen shrub up to 3 m tall which spreads by root suckering, forming a dense stand of sparsely-branched plants connected by the roots. The sepals are purple. The flower is white with a hint of purple. The flower has a moderate sweet fragrance (morning). The foliage smells bad. Lau, J. 1369 Oahu BISH 1985-09-02
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