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Cressa truxillensis

Kunth (1819)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Genus: Cressa

cressa, makihi

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Subshrubs or suffrutescent herbs.

Stems: Stems erect or decumbent, usually 5–35 cm long, hirsute to sericeous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to lanceolate or ovate–lanceolate, 3–10 mm long, 1–4 mm wide. Apex usually acute. Base acute to obtuse. Surfaces hirsute to sericeous; blades often fleshy. Margins entire. Petioles 0.5–2 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary and axillary, usually at the tips of the branches, pedicels 1–3 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, 5-merous. Calyx of 5 sepals, distinct, imbricate, herbaceous, elliptic, subequal, inner ones sometimes obovate, 3–4.5 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, pubescent, margins scarious, apex obtuse or acute, persistent, occasionally accrescent. Corolla of 5 fused petals; petals white, 5–6.5 mm long, salverform, the tube 3–3.5 mm long, hidden within the calyx, the lobes obtuse to subacute, imbricate, 2.4–3 mm long, with tufts of hairs near apex. Stamens 5, distinct, exserted, equal, 4–6 mm long; filaments equal, joined at the glandular pubescent base, inserted on corolla tube base alternate with corolla lobes; anthers dithecal, oblong, extrorse. Ovary superior, ovoid, 1-celled to nearly 2-celled; ovules 4, these erect, anatropous, placentation basal or basal-axile, apex pubescent; styles 2, distinct or nearly so,unequal, 3.5–5 mm long; stigmas 2, capitate.

Fruit: Capsules tan to brown; 5–6 mm long; 4-valved; often ovoid; apically pubescent; dehiscent by valves; transversely; or irregularly; or indehiscent and berry-like or nut-like [exclude?]. Seeds usually 1; dark brown or black; ovoid; 3–3.5 mm long; glabrous; endosperm absent or scanty; cartilaginous; cotyledons usually foliaceous.

Ploidy: 2n = 28

Habitat: Occurring on drying mudflats and sand along and behind beaches.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kaua'i Unknown
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Kaho'olawe Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 93 (1819)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:552 (O, Mo, Ka); Wichman & St. John 1990:121 (Ni); Degener 5996 BISH (O†, 1932)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cressa truxillensis Transect C5, behind beach, Kaukaukapapa Bay Boulders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Char, W.P. 78.08 Kahoolawe BISH 11/26/1978
2 Cressa truxillensis Laau Point soil and sand, back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2974 Molokai BISH 4/6/1973
3 Cressa truxillensis kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christensen, c. collector number: 150 Kauai BISH 2/12/1977
4 Cressa truxillensis SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point Sandy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
5 Cressa truxillensis W end, Kawakiu sand and soil, upper end of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2361 Molokai BISH 4/19/1985
6 Cressa truxillensis ka lae o ka laau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 64.mo Molokai BISH 6/1/1912
7 Cressa truxillensis west molokai, kepuhi near shore, dried clay bottomed streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3365 Molokai BISH 4/28/1928
8 Cressa truxillensis sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point On dry exposed ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. char, w.p. collector number: 378 Kauai BISH 4/22/1980
9 Cressa truxillensis no specific locality PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christensen, C. 171 Niihau BISH
10 Cressa truxillensis puuloa landfill, drying mud PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 5996 Oahu BISH 7/28/1932
11 Cressa truxillensis W end sea coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilder, G.P. 91 Molokai BISH 9/21/1924
12 Cressa truxillensis SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point Sandy beach, in sand substrate near sea level. Localized between this beach and Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Char, W.P. Collector Number: 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
13 Cressa truxillensis w end sea coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilder, g.p. collector number: 91 Molokai BISH 9/21/1924
14 Cressa truxillensis pearl river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lanai BISH
15 Cressa truxillensis near military camp Naturalized. Mesic mid-elevation residential, farm, unmaintained area (Pittsporum viridiflorum, Asparagus asparagoides, Acacia mearnsii). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. aschmann, s. collector number: 9211b Maui BISH 4/21/1989
16 Cressa truxillensis kealaikahiki point sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1748 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
17 Cressa truxillensis kepuhi, kaluakoi Intertidal basalt ledge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. et al. collector number: 12460 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1932
18 Cressa truxillensis kaluakoi, n side of kepuhi bay in front of resort golf course native strand, with Sporobolus virginicus, in coral sand between lava rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 6686 Molokai BISH 1/19/1991
19 Cressa truxillensis laau point soil and sand, back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2974 Molokai BISH 4/6/1973
20 Cressa truxillensis puuloa dry forest, roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 5996 Oahu BISH 7/28/1932
21 Cressa truxillensis Pearl River PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Oahu BISH
22 Cressa truxillensis Ka Lae o Ka Laau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 64.Mo Molokai BISH 6/1/1912
23 Cressa truxillensis Kaluakoi, N side of Kepuhi Bay in front of Kaluakoi Resort golf course. Native strand vegetation with Sporobolus virginicus growing in coral sand between lava rocks between high tide zone and alien grasses and weeds along golf course. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6686 Molokai PTBG 1/19/1991
24 Cressa truxillensis near pearl city Open, dry a'a, native forest [with] Diospyros, Santalum, Colubrina, Xylosma. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2410 Hawaii BISH 1895-06-11
25 Cressa truxillensis sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point sandy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. char, w.p. collector number: 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
26 Cressa truxillensis Kaluakoi, Kamakaipo along and back of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5729 Molokai BISH 3/9/1976
27 Cressa truxillensis Laau Point. Back and edge of beach. soil and sand PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2974 Molokai PTBG 4/6/1973
28 Cressa truxillensis Sandy beach SW of Kaukaukapapa beach and N. of Kealaikahiki Pt. Localized between this beach and Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN L. W. Cuddihy 378 Kahoolawe PTBG 4/22/1980
29 Cressa truxillensis West coast, 1 mile North of Honokanaia, Smuggler's Cove. Open coastal dune, West aspect. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2928 Kahoolawe PTBG 1/24/1994
30 Cressa truxillensis Laau Pt. Coastal strand. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2665 Molokai PTBG 7/8/1993
31 Cressa truxillensis Kaluakoi, SW coast of Molokai. Saline soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. R. Fosberg 66027 Molokai PTBG 1/19/1991
32 Cressa truxillensis Kaluakoi, N side of Kepuhi Bay in front of Kaluakoi Resort golf course PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H. 6686 Molokai US 1/19/1991
33 Cressa truxillensis Honolulu, Fort Shafter, near salt marsh PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 13845 Oahu US 6/23/2016
34 Cressa truxillensis SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L. W.; Char, W. P. 378 Kahoolawe US 4/22/1980
35 Cressa truxillensis pearl harbor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 3366 Kauai US
36 Cressa truxillensis kaluakoi district, kamakaipo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5729 Molokai US 3/9/1976
37 Cressa truxillensis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 1988 Molokai US
38 Cressa truxillensis Kepuhi, West Molokai, near shore. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. 3365 Molokai US 4/28/2028
39 Cressa truxillensis W coast, 1 mile N of Honokanaia, Smuggler's Cove, Open coastal dune, W aspect Dominant in areas along coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Gon, S.; Johns, C.; Montgomery, S. 2928 Kahoolawe US 1/24/1994
40 Cressa truxillensis honolulu, fort shafter, near salt marsh PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 13845 Oahu US 6/23/1916
41 Cressa truxillensis kaluakoi, n side of kepuhi bay in front of kaluakoi resort golf course PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 6686 Molokai US 1/19/1991
42 Cressa truxillensis sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. cuddihy & w. char 378 Kahoolawe US 4/22/1980
43 Cressa truxillensis Laau Point Back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 2974 Molokai US 4/6/1973
44 Cressa truxillensis kepuhi, west molokai, near shore. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 3365 Molokai US 4/28/1928
45 Cressa truxillensis near pearl city PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2410 Oahu US 1895-06-11
46 Cressa truxillensis Pearl Harbor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. 3366 Oahu US 4/27/2020
47 Cressa truxillensis laau point Back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 2974 Molokai US 4/6/1973
48 Cressa truxillensis w coast, 1 mile n of honokanaia, smuggler's cove, open coastal dune, w aspect Dominant in areas along coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, s. gon, c. johns & s. montgomery 2928 Kahoolawe US 1/24/1994
49 Cressa truxillensis puuloa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 5996 Kauai US 7/28/1932
50 Cressa truxillensis Steep hillside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN UT
51 Cressa truxillensis kealaikahiki point sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1747 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
52 Cressa truxillensis Kaluakoi District, Kamakaipo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Spence, G. 5729 Molokai US 3/9/1976
53 Cressa truxillensis Kepuhi, Kaluakoi rocks, upper beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12460 Molokai BISH 12/22/1932
54 Cressa truxillensis w end, kawakiu Ohia-treefern dieback. Soil a deep and moderately well drained organic/ash; substrate unknown. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma spp., Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp., Cheirodendron trigynum & Psychotria sandwicensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2363 Hawaii BISH 4/19/1985
55 Cressa truxillensis Puuloa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 5996 Oahu US 7/28/1932
56 Cressa truxillensis kaluakoi, kamakaipo along and back of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5729 Molokai BISH 3/9/1976
57 Cressa truxillensis Kealaikahiki Point Sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1748 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
58 Cressa truxillensis Near military camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9211b Kahoolawe BISH 4/21/1989
59 Cressa truxillensis near Pearl City PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A.A. 2410 Oahu BISH 1895-00-00
60 Cressa truxillensis near pearl city PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2410 Oahu BISH 1895-06-11
61 Cressa truxillensis West Molokai, Kepuhi near shore, dried clay bottomed streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3365 Molokai BISH 4/28/1928
62 Cressa truxillensis beach near ka lae ka iho iho PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 618 mo Molokai BISH 3/25/1915
63 Cressa truxillensis sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. char, w.p. collector number: 378 Oahu BISH 4/22/1980
64 Cressa truxillensis SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point Sandy beach, in sand substrate near sea level. Localized between this beach and Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
65 Cressa truxillensis transect c5, behind beach, kaukaukapapa bay boulders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN char, w.p. collector number: 78.080 Kahoolawe BISH 11/26/1978
66 Cressa truxillensis Puuloa landfill, drying mud PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 5996 Oahu BISH 7/28/1932
67 Cressa truxillensis W end, Kawakiu ~200 yds. inland on mud flats along standing water in steam bottom PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2362 Molokai BISH 4/19/1985
68 Cressa truxillensis Kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christensen, C. 150 Kauai BISH 2/12/1977
69 Cressa truxillensis w end, kawakiu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2361 Lanai BISH 4/19/1985
70 Cressa truxillensis Kealaikahiki Point Sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1747 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
71 Cressa truxillensis Beach near Ka Lae o Ka Ilio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 618 Mo Molokai BISH 3/25/1915
72 Cressa truxillensis N part of Papohaku Beach inland in dry stream bed with Ipomoea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 10126 Molokai BISH 10/15/1983
73 Cressa truxillensis Pearl Harbor dried mud flat PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3366 Oahu BISH 4/1/1927
74 Cressa truxillensis pearl harbor dried mud flat PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3366 Oahu BISH 4/1/1927
75 Cressa truxillensis n part of papohaku beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: 10126 Maui BISH 10/15/1983
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