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Cyperus haspan

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus

cyperus, mau‘u hunehune [mauu hunehune], Mccoy grass

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with reddish purple fibrous roots, rhizomes slender, horizontal.

Stems: culms tufted with a short rhizome, or solitary and arranged in a row along an elongate rhizome, erect, slender, rather soft, trigonous, usually 10–50 cm tall.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Blades linear, up to ⅔ as long as the culm, 2–5 mm wide or reduced to bladeless sheaths at base of culms. Apex long-acuminate. Margins entire. Sheathing; sheaths pale green and usually tinged with brown, purplish brown, or reddish purple, 2–10 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in corymbs compound or simple, rather lax, 8–15 cm long and as wide, primary rays several, unequal, the longer ones 5–10 cm long, slender, the secondary rays, when present, few, up to 2 cm long; involucral bracts 1–2, the longest one equalling to slightly shorter than the corymb; spikelets 4–8 per cluster, densely 10–28–flowered, digitately disposed at apices of primary or secondary ray, linear–oblong, flattened, 5– 15 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex obtuse, rachilla not winged; glumes pale brown and often tinged or variegated with rusty brown or purplish brown, membranous, elliptic to lanceolate–elliptic or narrowly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, slenderly 3–nerved, the keel green, midnerve prolonged into a short straight mucro; stamens 1–3; style 1.5 times as long as the achene. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 3.

Fruit: Achenes pale yellow; obovate; trigonous; ca. 0.5 mm long; tuberculate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 2n = 16; 26; 30; 36

Habitat: Naturalized in wet; disturbed sites; especially in bogs; wet forest; and open; muddy areas.

Elevation Range: 3–1,700 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (48)

Cyperus adenophorus Schrad. ex Nees (1842)
Cyperus adenophorus var. aphyllus Boeckeler (1868)
Cyperus americanus (Boeckeler) Palla (1908)
Cyperus aphyllus Vahl (1798)
Cyperus autumnalis Vahl (1805)
Cyperus caespitosus Llanos (1851)
Cyperus cayennensis Link (1820)
Cyperus efoliatus Boeckeler (1895)
Cyperus gracilis Muhl. (1817)
Cyperus gramineus Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Cyperus graminifolius Poir. (1806)
Cyperus halpan
Cyperus haspan f. coarctatus (Nees) Osten (1931)
Cyperus haspan f. major C.B.Clarke (1903)
Cyperus haspan subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus haspan var. adenophorus (Schrad. ex Nees) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus haspan var. americanus Boeckeler (1868)
Cyperus haspan var. amplissimus Kük. (1926)
Cyperus haspan var. bulboides Kük. (1921)
Cyperus haspan var. coarctatus Nees (1842)
Cyperus haspan var. dietrichiae Domin (1915)
Cyperus haspan var. firmicaulis Kük. (1926)
Cyperus haspan var. flaccidissimus Kük. (1936)
Cyperus haspan var. mincrohaspan Makino (1905)
Cyperus haspan var. riparius Kük. (1936)
Cyperus haspan var. tuberifer T.Koyama (1955)
Cyperus hyemalis Pursh ex C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus junceus Link (1820)
Cyperus juncoides Lam. (1791)
Cyperus laticulmis Spreng. (1824)
Cyperus leptos Schult. (1824)
Cyperus microcarpus Boeckeler (1880)
Cyperus muehlenbergii Spreng. (1828)
Cyperus nudus Kunth (1816)
Cyperus nudus var. firmior J.Presl & C.Presl (1828)
Cyperus nudus var. flaccidior J.Presl & C.Presl (1828)
Cyperus pedatus Nees (1843)
Cyperus phaeorhizus K.Schum. (1895)
Cyperus phaeorhizus var. princeae (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus planiculmis Steud. (1854)
Cyperus platyculmis R.Br. (1810)
Cyperus princeae C.B.Clarke (1906)
Cyperus riparius Schrad. ex Nees (1842)
Cyperus stellatus Link (1820)
Cyperus triqueter Boeckeler (1879)
Cyperus tunicatus Schult. (1824)
Cyperus vaginatus Link (1820)
Scirpus autumnalis Rottb. (1773)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 45 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1396 (K, M, H [as C. halpan]); Tucker 1994:50/Hughes 1995:4 (Mo, spelling change to haspan); Wood 2006:17 (O); Oppenheimer 2008:27 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyperus haspan Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Area 357-19. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1978-03-30
2 Cyperus haspan Hamakua District, Kukuihaele quad, Waipio Valley Occasional small clumping sedge in overgrown abandoned taro lo'i dominated by Commelina and Myriophyllum, along with Psidium guajava, Ludwigia octovalvis, Kyllinga brevifolia. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 20013 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-13
3 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Makawao District, Nailiilihaele Stream, along Hana Hwy (near mile marker 7), on margin of reservoir Disturbed site near reservoir & rd. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5846 Maui BISH 1988-03-07
4 Cyperus haspan Puu Ohu Proposed Reservoir Site, Kohala Mountains Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1984-03-27
5 Cyperus haspan Wailau Trail. Preserved_Specimen Hughes, G.D. 57 Molokai BISH 1992-09-01
6 Cyperus haspan Kanaele Swamp, (Wahiawa Bog) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4975 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
7 Cyperus haspan Puna District, Volcano transfer dump Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5533 Hawaii BISH 1975-10-23
8 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Lower Shelf of Kipahulu Valley below Delta Camp. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1625 Maui BISH 1992-06-03
9 Cyperus haspan East Maui, between Big Bog and Midcamp Bog Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 272 Maui BISH 1982-10-01
10 Cyperus haspan Wahiawa Mtns, Wahiawa Bog (Kanaele Swamp) Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 588 Kauai BISH 1983-09-07
11 Cyperus haspan Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, along Disappointment Trail (Puu Makaala access rd) off of Kulani Rd (Stainback Hwy) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5252 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
12 Cyperus haspan Near Honolii stream. Also near road from Kaiwiki. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6876 Hawaii BISH
13 Cyperus haspan Alakahi Ditch Trail, Kohala, about 1 mile beyond the last rain gage (at end of road). Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 223 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-09
14 Cyperus haspan Puu Ohu Proposed Reservoir Site, Kohala Mts Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1984-03-27
15 Cyperus haspan Puu Makaala Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
16 Cyperus haspan Puu Eagle #1 Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-04-07
17 Cyperus haspan Kulani Prison Rd, 10 mi E of Kulani, along rd behind thin strip of rain forest Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4108 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-07
18 Cyperus haspan Wailuku River, 12 mi W of Hilo Locally abundant, growing in peat & muck, in edges of large bog, growing in water on peat. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 60580 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-08
19 Cyperus haspan Mauka Reservoir W of tree tunnel on Maluhia Rd, NE end of reservoir In mud flats. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1236 Kauai BISH 1985-09-26
20 Cyperus haspan east Kopiliula 50% open 7 m canopy; Acacia, Metrosideros, uluhe, ohia, Cheirodendron, Ilex, Clermontia arborescens, Scaevola chamissoniana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope, Hedyotis, Coprosma, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Vaccinium, Styphelia, Cyrtandra, Rubus hawaiensis, ferns, bryophytes Preserved_Specimen terrestrial sedge Wood, K.R. 11314 Maui BISH 2005-05-04
21 Cyperus haspan Waikahekaha Nui In pasture. Wet place. Edge of native forest. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1395 Hawaii BISH 1936-06-30
22 Cyperus haspan Site 30 OS; Papaikou; Hilo Forest Reserve Stunted `ohi`a wetland dieback. Associated spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine sandwicensis, Vaccinium calycinum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Paspalum sp. Soil a thick peaty surface over a poorly drained ash; water at or near surface. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-01-12
23 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, near rim of Kipahulu In open pig disturbed areas in a bog w. Sacciolepis & Prunella. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 248 Maui BISH 1973-06-29
24 Cyperus haspan Puna District, Volcano Village Dump Disturbed area. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5978 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-13
25 Cyperus haspan Lumahai Valley In water course. Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 6325 Kauai BISH 1986-07-01
26 Cyperus haspan W of Hauola Gulch, N of Puu Aalii along fence line on ridgetop Common, in degraded shrubland, with Juncus planifolius. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50614 Lanai BISH 2006-05-10
27 Cyperus haspan Volcano, Amaumau Rd Shady, wet roadside Preserved_Specimen Rare, only one plant seen. Caespitose Faccenda, K. 2631 Hawaii BISH 2022-08-13
28 Cyperus haspan First N fork of Wahiawa Stream, NW of Wahiawa bog In dense wet forest w. moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros w. understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 2 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella. Growing in stream relatively common. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6008 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
29 Cyperus haspan Hawaii: Kohala Mts., Puu o Umi N.A.R. Transect Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Cibotium montane wet forest with Coprosma, Diplazium sandwhichianum, Uncinia, Dryopteris wallichiana, Vaccinius, Broussaisia, Styphelia, Melicope, Myrsine, Clermontia spp., Ilex, Cyrtandra Preserved_Specimen common weed in forest and along streams Perlman, S. 14859 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-11
30 Cyperus haspan summit ridge along Munro Trail between Haalelepaakai and summit of Lanai Hale. Along road growing in standing water along unpaved road. Preserved_Specimen Rare herb Oppenheimer, H.L. 122202 Lanai BISH 2022-12-01
31 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Keanae Arboretum In mowed lawn. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1327 Maui BISH 1982-03-26
32 Cyperus haspan Haleakala Ranch. Pulehu Nui, just sw of Crater Rd. Open pasture. Found near old house site. Vegetation: Rubus discolor, Pennisetum clandestinum. Preserved_Specimen Sedge, less than 1 m. Starr, F. 5112302 Maui BISH 2005-11-23
33 Cyperus haspan Kulani Prison Rd, 10 mi E of Kulani Along rd, behind thin strip of rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4108 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-07
34 Cyperus haspan ahupuaa of Halepuaa in Puna District A common component of the roadside vegetation. The sedge grows mixed with several grasses of which the most common are species of Paspalum and Andropogon. The plant is well shaded by these taller grasses and the soil is stoney. Preserved_Specimen A sedge. Yoshida, L. 79.06 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-07
35 Cyperus haspan Wahiawa Bog, W of Kahili Mt In bog. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1665 Kauai BISH 1957-01-02
36 Cyperus haspan Stainback Highway: half-way between Ohia and Eleven Mile Homestead. [see comments.] Metrosideros-Dicranopt. - Machaerhina area. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 379 Hawaii BISH 1967-03-26
37 Cyperus haspan Kunoa Gulch Uncommon in little gully. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Psidium, Carex, Sadleria, Ilex, Sphenomeris, Tibouchina, Kadua, Wikstroemia, Scaevola, Doodia. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 20706 Lanai BISH 2007-02-05
38 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch lands, mauka of Keakaamanu Boggy area just mauka of Keakaamanu dominated by grasses, sedges, and low-growing herbs: most common are Paspalum scrobiculatum, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Rhynchospora radicans ssp. microcephala, Kyllinga brevifolia, Commelina diffusa, Desmodium sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon sedge in this wetland. Imada, C. 200276 Maui BISH 2002-11-11
39 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, base camp area W. other grasses & sedges in very wet areas, open & disturbed. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 142 Maui BISH 1972-08-04
40 Cyperus haspan Hilo District; Hilo Forest Reserve; 1km N of Saddle Rd on Wailuku Rd Bog. Assoc w. Andropogon virginicus. Preserved_Specimen Perennial to 60cm. Annable, C.R. 3735 Hawaii BISH 1998-01-12
41 Cyperus haspan Kapa'a valley, Keahua arboretum, roadside in the arboretum From saturated soil of roadside ditch, partly shaded area before crossing over Kawi Stream Preserved_Specimen Uncommon Faccenda, K. 2389 Kauai BISH 2022-05-29
42 Cyperus haspan Site 10 OS; Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve `Ohi`a-koa dieback. Primary vegetation: Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Psidium cattleianum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Antidesma platyphyllum, Melastoma malabathricum & Clermontia sp. Soil a deep, somewhat poorly drained, ash. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-20
43 Cyperus haspan Site 38 OS; Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve `Ohi`a-koa dieback. Associated spp.: Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Psidium cattleianum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Antidesma platyphyllum, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma sp., Gouldia sp. Soil a deep but somewhat poorly drained ash. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-04-19
44 Cyperus haspan Wahiawa Swamp, 4 mi N of Kalaheo Abundant in mud. Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1509 Kauai BISH 1964-06-20
45 Cyperus haspan Morgan Toledo Taro Farm, Waipio Valley, Big Island, Hawaii Growing in wet ruts next to stream, at the back of the property. Preserved_Specimen Delicate-looking sedge, light brown spikelets, 8-10 inches tall. Crago, L.M. 2005103 Hawaii BISH 2005-03-19
46 Cyperus haspan Kaneohe; growing in nursery located at 47-770 Lamaula Road Ornamental growing in wet mucky soil in full sun. Preserved_Specimen Dwarf plant. Plants 6-8 tall when full sized. Horikawa, E. 747 Oahu BISH 1991-06-07
47 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Kipahulu Valley, lower dogleg Growing in boggy ground. Mesic to wet koa forest w. understory of Perrottetia sandwicensis, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Broussaisia arguta, Hedyotis acuminata. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5909 Maui BISH 1988-03-09
48 Cyperus haspan South Hilo District, Waiakea Collected in wet forest off Stainback Highway. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1998-10-19
49 Cyperus haspan Olaa Back Rd, upper Olaa Forest Reserve Occasional on wet open mineral soil bulldozed for forest planting. Preserved_Specimen Dense spreading tuft. Fosberg, F.R. 51730 Hawaii BISH 1969-12-09
50 Cyperus haspan Hilo District. From greenhouse sowing trays containing shipping container debris. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ~32 cm. Sheaths 3-10 cm. Pale brown glumes and green keels. Yanger, C. Hawaii BISH 2020-11-06
51 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Wailuaiki Valley Growing in damp sunny spots near stream. Preserved_Specimen Largest plants 1.5 ft tall. Hobdy, R.W. 981 Maui BISH 1981-01-21
52 Cyperus haspan East Maui, Kipahulu Valley, Midcamp Bog Growing in bog. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5895 Maui BISH 1988-03-09
53 Cyperus haspan Ewa Beach; garden of C. Tanabe (E. Horikawa's brother) Cultivated ornamental in full sun. Grown with mondo grass, junipers, & Raphiolepis sp. Preserved_Specimen ± Open clumps 24-30 tall; rhizome black and creeping; culms arise ca. 1' apart. Horikawa, E. 748 Oahu BISH 1991-06-07
54 Cyperus haspan ahupuaa of Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District Collected in the side of the old railroad. Preserved_Specimen ESP Field Crew Hawaii BISH 1979-08-15
55 Cyperus haspan ca 12 miles below Kulani Prison, along road Exposed, bulldozed area along road Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 375 Hawaii BISH 1967-03-26
56 Cyperus haspan Site 30 OS; Papaikou; Hilo Forest Reserve Stunted` ohi`a wetland dieback. Associated spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine sandwicensis, Vaccinium calycinum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Paspalum sp. Soil a thick peaty surface over poorly drained ash; water at or near surface. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-04-06
57 Cyperus haspan Laupahoehoe, Hamakua Coast open forest of tall Metrosideros with an undergrowth of Athyrium sandwichianum. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1855 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-22
58 Cyperus haspan Wahiawa Bog Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1460 Kauai BISH 1969-12-20
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