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Toona ciliata

M.Roem. (1846)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Meliaceae Genus: Toona

Australian red cedar

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Fast–growing trees to ca. 20–30 m tall.

Stems: Bark thick, fibrous, bitter, astringent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (pinnate). Alternate. Leaflets narrowly ovate to lanceolate, usually 3–6 dm long, leaflets 10–14(–18), 4.5–16 cm long. Apex acute to caudate. Base inequilateral. Surfaces glabrous or at least sparsely pubescent. Leaflet margins entire. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in many-branched thyrses. Flowers unisexual (with well–developed rudiments of the opposite sex present). Calyx (4)5-lobed, lobes ca. 1 mm long. Corolla of 5 petals, distinct, white, ca. 5–6 mm long, margins ciliate, longer than calyx in bud, imbricate, adnate at base to a short androgynophore. Stamens 5, distinct, arising from the androgynophore, staminal filaments ca. 2 mm long, staminodes absent; anthers of staminate flowers yellow, dehiscent; on pistillate flowers smaller, brown and shriveled, indehiscent, not producing pollen. Ovary superior, 5-celled; ovules 6–10 per cell, ovary and style glabrous; style capitate; in staminate flowers ovary more slender, cells well–developed and style longer.

Fruit: Capsules reddish brown; pendulous; septicidal; with some lighter spots; ellipsoid; 2–2.8 cm long; opening by 5–valves; the columella 5–angled. Seeds brown; thin; dry; the embryo portion ca. 1–2 mm long; with 2 wings; the longer one ca. 5–12 mm long; the other ca. ½ as long.

Ploidy: 2n = 56

Habitat: Mesic to wet; disturbed habitats.

Elevation Range: 25–610 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (66)

Cedrela australis F.Muell. (1858)
Cedrela brevipetiolulata Haines (1921)
Cedrela febrifuga Forsten (1836)
Cedrela hainesii C.DC. (1908)
Cedrela hexandra Wall. (1831)
Cedrela kingii C.DC. (1908)
Cedrela mannii C.DC. (1908)
Cedrela microcarpa C.DC. (1878)
Cedrela mollis Hand.-Mazz. (1920)
Cedrela multijuga Kurz (1872)
Cedrela serrulata Miq. (1861)
Cedrela teysmannii Hassk. (1858)
Cedrela toona (Kuntze) C.DC. (1908)
Cedrela toona var. australis (Kuntze) C.DC. (1908)
Cedrela toona var. grandiflora C.DC. (1878)
Cedrela toona var. parviflora Benth. (1863)
Cedrela toona var. pubescens Franch. (1886)
Cedrela toona var. vestita C.T.White (1920)
Cedrela tuna Oken (1841)
Cedrela velutina DC. (1824)
Dracontomelon multijugum Radlk. ex C.DC. (1908)
Surenus australis Kuntze (1891)
Surenus microcarpa Kuntze (1891)
Surenus serrulata (Miq.) Kuntze (1891)
Surenus teysmannii (Hassk.) Kuntze (1891)
Surenus toona (Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.) Kuntze (1891)
Toona australis (F.Muell.) Harms (1896)
Toona ciliata subsp. nepalensis (C.DC.) Panigrahi (1974)
Toona ciliata var. australis (F.Muell.) C.DC. (1988)
Toona ciliata var. brevipetiolulata (Haines) S.C.Mishra & Panigrahi (1988)
Toona ciliata var. hainesii (C.DC.) Panigrahi & S.C.Mishra (1988)
Toona ciliata var. haslettii (Haines) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. hexandra (Wall.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. kingii (C.DC.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. latifolia (C.DC.) Chandrab. (1977)
Toona ciliata var. listeri (C.DC.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. multijuga (Kurz) Panigrahi & S.C.Mishra (1988)
Toona ciliata var. parviflora (Benth.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. pilipetala (C.DC.) N.C.Nair & Kumari (1983)
Toona ciliata var. pubescens (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. (1933)
Toona ciliata var. pubinervis (C.DC.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. sublaxiflora (C.DC.) C.Y.Wu (1977)
Toona ciliata var. vestita (C.T.White) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis (C.DC.) C.Y.Wu (1977)
Toona hainesii (C.DC.) Harms (1940)
Toona hexandra (Wall.) M.Roem. (1846)
Toona hexandra subsp. velutina (DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. gamblei (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. griffithiana (Pierre) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. haslettii (Haines) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. kingii (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. listeri (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. parviflora (Benth.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona hexandra var. pubinervis (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida (1995)
Toona kingii (C.DC.) Harms (1940)
Toona mannii (C.DC.) Harms (1940)
Toona microcarpa (C.DC.) Harms (1896)
Toona microcarpa var. pilipetala (C.DC.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) A.Chev. (1944)
Toona serrulata (Miq.) Harms (1896)
Toona sureni (Misapplied)
Toona sureni var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) Bahadur (1988)
Toona sureni var. teysmannii (Hassk.) Bahadur (1988)
Toona ternatensis (Miq.) Bahadur (1988)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 139 (1846)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:920 (K, O, L, M, H [as T. ciliata var. australis]); Herbst & Wagner 1999:24 (Syn. T. c. var. australis = T. ciliata); Staples & Herbst 2005:398 (KEY), 401 (DESCR); Oppenheimer 2007:27 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
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