Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa

Wawra (1872)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale, hahala, kanawao ke‘oke‘o, moa

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–5 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched to few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, occasionally in whorls of 3–4 per node, +/- well-spaced, borne usually on upper (4–)6–22 nodes. Leaves at a node slightly unequal, symmetrical, narrowly elliptic, occasionally elliptic–lanceolate or elliptic–oblanceolate, (11–)15–34 cm long, 3.8–13 cm wide. Apex acuminate to attenuate. Base cuneate to attenuate. Upper surfaces glabrous or glabrate; lower surfaces glabrous to sparsely appressed pilose along principal veins; Thick and often somewhat fleshy, chartaceous. Margins coarsely crenate to serrate–crenate. Upper surface with veins often deeply impressed (usually in plants from windblown sites). Petioles 0.7–5(–8) cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in cymes usually 6–17–flowered, arising in the leaf axils, sparsely brown pilose to glabrate, peduncles (1–)3–14 mm long, pedicels 6–35 mm long, bracts lanceolate to elliptic, 3–9 mm long, deciduous after anthesis. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, zygomorphic, fusiform in bud, tipped by a beak 3–9 mm long, in anthesis pale green, (7–)10–20 mm long, deciduous after anthesis, tube 5–10 mm long, sparsely brown pilose to glabrous, glabrous within, upper 3 lobes 2–7 mm long, lower 2 lobes 6–11 mm long, all lobes usually separating by anthesis, occasionally remaining coherent. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, curved near middle, 16–20(–24) mm long, ca.4–6 mm in diameter medially, glabrous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly ovate, 3.5–8 mm long, 3–7.5 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic, 8–10.5 mm long, 5–9.5 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style 6–8 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ellipsoid; 1.6–3 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.4–0.55 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 34*

Habitat: Occurring in mesic to low elevation wet forest; Kaua'i.

Elevation Range: 260–610 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Beiträge zur Flora der Hawaischen Inseln. Flora 55: 560 (1872)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:773 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2056 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
2 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest with Labordia degeneri, Cyanea kahiliensis, Cyanea fissa, Melicope waialeale, Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Tetraplasandra waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria marinia. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 2 ft ht with flowers and immature fruit. Perlman, S. 22309 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
3 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
4 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
5 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details stream Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 157 Kauai BISH 1969-09-25
6 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia-Cheirodendron-uluhe forest by stream, in partial shade. With Sadleria, ferns, Pipturus, Gouldia, Antidesma, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 ft. x 1/2 in.; fl. white. One plant. Perlman, S. 193 Kauai BISH 1978-07-05
7 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ohia rainforest Preserved_Specimen ~1 m shrub; stems simple; leaves leathery; veins of upper surface deeply impressed Wagner, W.L. 5616 Kauai BISH 1985-01-01
8 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Xylosma, Nestegis, Cryptocarya, Cibotium, Dubautia, Rubus Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub Flynn, T.W. 2113 Kauai BISH 1987-03-20
9 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details deep gulch, under Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub, leaves chartaceus, above dark green, below pale green; fruit, flower white St.John, H. 23130 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
10 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia-uluhe forest with ohia, Eugenia, uluhe, Bobea, Cheirodendron, Cyanea, Cyrtandra. 10 plants. Preserved_Specimen 8' shrub Perlman, S. 450 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
11 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1-3 m shrub, leaves chartaceus, above dark green, impressed rugose, below pale green, salient rugose, calyx green, corolla white St.John, H. 23112 Kauai BISH 1947-01-01
12 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2051 Kauai BISH 1971-08-10
13 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Myrsine, Psychotria, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub; leaves thick chartaceos fleshy, above dark green, and impressed nerved, below whitish green, calyx pale greenish, corolla and berry white St.John, H. 26022 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
14 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1-3 m shrub, leaves chartaceus, above dark green, impressed rugose, below pale green, salient rugose, calyx green, corolla white St.John, H. 23112 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
15 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet gulch, rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1-4 m shrub; leaves chartaceus, above dark green, below whitish green, veins darkened by cartuneous appear hairy St.John, H. 23114 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
16 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet gulch, rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1-4 m shrub; leaves chartaceus, above dark green, below whitish green, veins darkened by cartuneous appear hairy St.John, H. 23114 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
17 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details deep gulch, under Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub, leaves chartaceus, above dark green, below pale green; fruit, flower white St.John, H. 23130 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
18 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Hedyotis acuminata, Pelea anisata, Claoxylon, Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Rubiaceae Preserved_Specimen small shrub, white fruit; dark green foliage Herbst, D.R. 1197 Kauai BISH 1968-08-10
19 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pisonia umbellifera, Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen 7' shrub, spindly; leaves rugose, dark, dull green above, dull, whitish green below; fruit ripening clear white Flynn, T.W. 3265 Kauai BISH 1989-01-04
20 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details stream Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 157 Kauai BISH 1969-09-25
21 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist forest Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub, erect; fruit white Fosberg, F.R. 12712 Kauai BISH 1935-12-29
22 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia-uluhe forest with ohia, Eugenia, uluhe, Bobea, Cheirodendron, Cyanea, Cyrtandra. 10 plants. Preserved_Specimen 8' shrub Perlman, S. 450 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
23 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details shaded gulch, under Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub, leaves chartaceous, above dark green, below pale green St.John, H. 23130 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
24 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia-Cheirodendron-uluhe forest by stream, in partial shade. With Sadleria, ferns, Pipturus, Gouldia, Antidesma, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 ft. x 1/2 in.; fl. white. One plant. Perlman, S. 193 Kauai BISH 1978-07-05
25 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia-uluhe forest with ohia, Eugenia, uluhe, Bobea, Cheirodendron, Cyanea, Cyrtandra. 10 plants. Preserved_Specimen 8' shrub Perlman, S. 450 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
26 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2488 Kauai BISH 1972-06-22
27 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5395 Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
28 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen branching shrub, leaves opposite, light green above, pale below; 3 upper calyx lobes smaller than 2 lower, split laterally Forbes, C.N. 620 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
29 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plant 3 ft. high. 5 plants. Perlman, S. 15 Kauai BISH 1978-04-26
30 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plant 3 ft. high. 5 plants. Perlman, S. 15 Kauai BISH 1978-04-26
31 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1-3 m shrub, leaves chartaceus, above dark green, impressed rugose, below pale green, salient rugose, calyx green, corolla white St.John, H. 23112 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
32 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Smith, J.F. 4022 Kauai BISH 2000-09-14
33 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2056 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
34 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3035 Kauai BISH 1938-08-20
35 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6288 Kauai BISH 1989-11-21
36 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 620 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
37 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5414 Kauai BISH 1909-10-01
38 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 156 Kauai BISH 1969-09-25
39 Cyrtandra paludosa var. microcarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5411 Kauai BISH 1909-10-01