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Kadua formosa

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Subshrubs up to 10 dm tall.

Stems: Main stem prostrate, hollow, somewhat quadrangular or 4–costate, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades lanceolate to elliptic or oblong, 5.5–14 cm long (1.6–)2.3–4.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate. Blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Lateral veins strongly ascending, higher order venation on lower surface conspicuously reticulate. Petioles 0.2–0.4 cm long. Stipules broadly deltate, 3.5– 4.5 mm long, adnate to petioles and forming a persistent sheath, apex long acuminate.

Flowers: Flowers in dense corymbose inflorescences subtended by 2 cordate bracts, often with a lateral inflorescence in each, central flower of the ultimate cyme sessile or on a pedicel shorter than that of the 2 lateral cymes, lateral pedicels ca. 1–2 mm long; hypanthium cylindrical-turbinate, ca. 2 mm long. Flowers insect-pollinated, bisexual (perfect) or sometimes functionally unisexual, often heterostylous. Calyx lobes bluntly deltate, 0.1–1 mm long, 0.6–0.7 mm wide, not enlarging in fruit. Corolla white, fleshy salverform, the tube 20–26 mm long, the limb not strongly quadrangular in bud, the lobes ca. 6–7 mm long; nectary disc present. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted somewhat below corolla throat; anthers sessile or on short filaments, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; style as many as carpels, glabrous, the lobes flattened, terminal, slender; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Capsules ellipsoid–cylindrical; 9–12 mm long; 3–3.5 mm in diameter; dehiscing loculicidally across disk; then septicidally; endocarp heavily sclerified; disk depressed–conical. Seeds dark brown to nearly black; peltate; angled; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known only from wet cliffs.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 165 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1145 (WM [as Hedyotis formosa]); Terrell et al. 2005:832/Kennedy et al. 2010:24 (NOM:Syn. H. formosa)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Honokahau Drainage Basin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 357.M Maui BISH 9/25/1917
2 Kadua formosa Hillebr. maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: (n) Maui BISH
3 Kadua formosa Hillebr. near iao needle, wailuku On exposed, dripping cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 23646 Maui BISH 7/30/1954
4 Kadua formosa Hillebr. wailuku district, w maui forest reserve, gulch e side of iao needle, between n fork of kinihapai stream and ae stream, iao valley Moist cliffs on upper slopes of W side of gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lammers, t.g. kepler, a.k.; ecton, m.c. collector number: 5577 Maui BISH 7/2/1984
5 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Koloa, Lawai Valley, NTBG, Pump 6 nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dunn, L. Collector Number: 172 Kauai BISH 4/24/2003
6 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Koloa, Lawai Valley, NTBG, Pump 6 nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dunn, L. 172 Kauai BISH 4/24/2003
7 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Near Iao Needle, Wailuku On exposed, dripping cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 23646 Maui BISH 7/30/1954
8 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Waikapu Canyon Growing on cliff faces exculsively. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1681 Maui BISH 9/9/1982
9 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, waikapu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 139.m Maui BISH 6/1/1910
10 Kadua formosa Hillebr. koloa, ntbg, lawai, mcbryde garden, nursery by pump 6 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 8842 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
11 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Kaanapali & Waihee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. Maui BISH 2/12/1905
12 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Wailuku District, W Maui Forest Reserve, Gulch E side of Iao Needle, between N fork of Kinihapai Stream and Ae Stream, Iao Valley Moist cliffs on upper slopes of W side of gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T.G. 5577 Maui BISH 7/2/1984
13 Kadua formosa Hillebr. kaanapali & waihee shady PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 1870-08-08
14 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, waihee valley Naturalized in this area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 9/1/1918
15 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, waikapu canyon Growing on cliff faces exculsively. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1681 Maui BISH 9/9/1982
16 Kadua formosa Hillebr. honokahau drainage basin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 357.m Oahu BISH 9/25/1917
17 Kadua formosa Hillebr. kanapali PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH
18 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Iao Valley. In valley N of Lao rd, before you hit parking lot PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Motley, T.J. 1945 Maui BISH 5/29/1998
19 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Honokowai Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. Maui BISH
20 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Iao valley, gulch to north of Iao needle. Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 9172 Maui PTBG 10/31/2001
21 Kadua formosa Hillebr. maui. "on the rocky walls of deep gulches in kanapali, honokawai, lahaina, waihe." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.f. s.n. MEL
22 Kadua formosa Hillebr. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand UPS
23 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Lawai Valley, National Tropical Botanical Garden Pump 6 Nursery. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Liloa Dunn 172 Kauai PTBG 4/24/2003
24 Kadua formosa Hillebr. National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley, McBryde Garden, nursery by Pump 6. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 8842 Kauai PTBG 2/25/2002
25 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, upper Waikapu, along main stream, above falls. Metrosideros mixed shrub lowland wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7583 Maui PTBG 11/4/1998
26 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Honokowai, Amalu Stream. Degraded Metrosideros/Diospyros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H100808 Maui PTBG 10/7/2008
27 Kadua formosa Hillebr. National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley; native Hawaiian plant section, W of Lawai Stream under monkeypod trees. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7747 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1996
28 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Kauaula Valley; upper south fork below Helu; Riparian w/ saturated talus & seeping, vertical basalt walls. Elev. 2500-3500 ft. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Lowland to Montane Wet Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3943 Maui PTBG 1/18/1995
29 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Kahoma Stream. From above the intake to approximately 300m upstream, on vertical basalt cliffs on south side. Northing: 2313006.23 Easting: 747231.86 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60716 Maui PTBG 6/19/2007
30 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Waikapu valley, along main stream. Metrosideros wet shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 16397 Maui PTBG 11/4/1998
31 Kadua formosa Hillebr. West Maui, Wailuku, Iao Valley State Park, Iao Valley, gulch to north side of Iao Needle. Lowland Wet Riparian Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 3506 Maui PTBG 4/14/2013
32 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Hawaiian Islands; Maui. Wailuku, on exposed, dripping cliffs near Iao Needle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O. Degener; I. Degener 23646 SFV 7/30/1954
33 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Hahakea Gulch. From I to 8 m above stream. NAD 83. Northing: 2313923.53; Easting: 747593.50. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20618 Maui PTBG 2/22/2006
34 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui: Waikapu riparian bottomland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2162 Maui PTBG 11/26/1992
35 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. MAUI: Iao valley, gulch to north of Iao needle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 5146 Maui PTBG 4/24/1996
36 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Kauaula Valley, back of valley, upper north fork of river. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron wet forest, 8-12 m tall canopy, riparian w/ saturated talus & seeping, vertical basalt walls, steep Dicranopteris banks. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 13483 Maui PTBG 2/18/2009
37 Kadua formosa Hillebr. West Maui, Kauaula Stream, north fork. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H81210 Maui PTBG 8/8/2012
38 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Iao Valley, Black gulch, down the road from the main parking lot and North. Lowland Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 553 Maui PTBG 11/15/2005
39 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Iao valley, up side gulch behind bathrooms and first stream crossing, gulch to north side of Iao Needle. Along stream banks and sides of cliffs. Metrodideros- Eragrostis variabilis lowland wet shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12968 Maui PTBG 9/2/1992
40 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, lahaina dist, kauaula valley, upper s fork below helu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, s. p. perlman & r. hobdy 3943 Maui US 1/18/1995
41 Kadua formosa Hillebr. honokahau drainage basin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 357.m. Oahu US 9/25/1917
42 Kadua formosa Hillebr. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 1866 Hawaii US 1866-08-08
43 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Koloa District, National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley, McBryde Garden, nursery by Pump 6 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 88442 Kauai US 2/25/2002
44 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Koloa District, Lawai Valley, National Tropical Botanical Garden Pump 6 Nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN L. M. Dunn 172 Kauai US 4/24/2003
45 Kadua formosa Hillebr. near iao needle, wailuku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 23646 Maui US 7/30/1954
46 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, waikapu valley, 2240 ft. elev., along main stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman & k. r. wood 16,397 Oahu US 11/4/1998
47 Kadua formosa Hillebr. west maui, black gorge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Maui US
48 Kadua formosa Hillebr. koloa district, national tropical botanical garden in lawai valley, mcbryde garden, nursery by pump 6 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 88442 Oahu US 2/25/2002
49 Kadua formosa Hillebr. iao valley, up side gulch behind bathrooms and first stream crossing, gulch to n side of iao needle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman 12968 Maui US 9/2/1992
50 Kadua formosa Hillebr. koloa district, lawai valley, national tropical botanical garden pump 6 nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. m. dunn 172 Kauai US 4/24/2003
51 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w. maui, lahaina district, kauaula valley, back to valley, upper north fork of river.. Wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & h. oppenheimer 13483 Maui US 2/18/2009
52 Kadua formosa Hillebr. West Maui, Lahaina District, Honokowai, Amalu Stream. on vertical slopes 2-20 m above stream, mostly on south side. Vegetation: Degraded Metrosideros/Diospyros forest with Coffea, Psidium, Pisonia, Psychotria, Pneumatopteris, Freycinetia, Selaginella, Passiflora, Rubus, Bidens, Ageratina, Setaria, Pluchea, Cyrtandra, Pneumatopteris, Paspalum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H100808 Maui BISH 10/7/2008
53 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, iao valley, gulch to north of iao needle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & s. p. perlman 5146 Maui US 4/24/1996
54 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Koloa, NTBG, Lawai, McBryde Garden, nursery by pump 6 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. Collector Number: 8842 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
55 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, iao valley. in valley n of lao rd, before you hit parking lot PRESERVED_SPECIMEN motley, t.j. et al. collector number: 1945 Maui BISH 5/29/1998
56 Kadua formosa Hillebr. west maui, lahaina, kahoma stream, s side Along short stretch of stream, above intake to ~300 m upstream, vertical basalt cliffs. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros, Artemisia, Blechnum, Buddleia, Adiantum, Lythrum, Pneumatopteris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h60716 Maui BISH 6/19/2007
57 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W. Maui, Iao Valley, dark walled drainage just east of Iao Needle and just west of A'e Stream. mixed lowland wet shrubland and cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7587 Maui PTBG 11/5/1990
58 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, waihee valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 16007 Oahu BISH 9/1/1918
59 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Iao Valley. In valley N of Lao rd, before you hit parking lot PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Motley, T.J. et al. Collector Number: 1945 Maui BISH 5/29/1998
60 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Waihee Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 16007 Maui BISH 9/1/1918
61 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Kanapali PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. Maui BISH
62 Kadua formosa Hillebr. puu kukui watershed, collection made on the west bank of honokohau stream, 2 meters above the watercourse Made on a cliff face. Vegetation in the area is consistent with that of Lowland Wet Shrubland. Assoc. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Boehmeria grandis, Odontosoria chinensis, Buddleia asiatica, Setaria gracilis, Blechnum occidentale, Adiantum raddiamum. Threats: Specimen is located within the Pu`u Kukui Watershed Management Area and is currently subject to aggressive management. However, competition with alien vegetation and landslides may threaten the viability of this taxa in certain areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meidell, j.s. oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: 131 Maui BISH 8/29/1996
63 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Lahiana District. W Maui, Kauaula Valley, back of valley, upper N fork of river. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron wet forest, 8 - 12 m tall canopy, riparian w/ saturated talus & seeping, vertical basalt walls, steep Dicranopteris banks. Understory w/ Touchardia, Broussaisia, Coprosma pubescens, Boehmeria, Pipturus, Diplazium, Cyrtandra spp., Kadua spp., Cyanea scabra, Gunnera. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 13483 Maui BISH 2/18/2009
64 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Puu Kukui Watershed, collection made on the west bank of Honokohau Stream, 2 meters above the watercourse Made on a cliff face. Vegetation in the area is consistent with that of Lowland Wet Shrubland. Assoc. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Boehmeria grandis, Odontosoria chinensis, Buddleia asiatica, Setaria gracilis, Blechnum occidentale, Adiantum raddiamum. Threats: Specimen is located within the Pu`u Kukui Watershed Management Area and is currently subject to aggressive management. However, competition with alien vegetation and landslides may threaten the viability of this taxa in certain areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meidell, J.S. 131 Maui BISH 8/29/1996
65 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Waikapu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 139.M Maui BISH 6/1/1910
66 Kadua formosa Hillebr. w maui, honokowai gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH
67 Kadua formosa Hillebr. koloa, lawai valley, ntbg, pump 6 nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN dunn, l. collector number: 172 Kauai BISH 4/24/2003
68 Kadua formosa Hillebr. West Maui, Lahaina, Kahoma Stream, S side Along short stretch of stream, above intake to ~300 m upstream, vertical basalt cliffs. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros, Artemisia, Blechnum, Buddleia, Adiantum, Lythrum, Pneumatopteris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H60716 Maui BISH 6/19/2007
69 Kadua formosa Hillebr. W Maui, Waihee Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Maui BISH 9/1/1918
70 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. (N) Maui BISH
71 Kadua formosa Hillebr. lahiana district. w maui, kauaula valley, back of valley, upper n fork of river. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron wet forest, 8 - 12 m tall canopy, riparian w/ saturated talus & seeping, vertical basalt walls, steep Dicranopteris banks. Understory w/ Touchardia, Broussaisia, Coprosma pubescens, Boehmeria, Pipturus, Diplazium, Cyrtandra spp., Kadua spp., Cyanea scabra, Gunnera. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. oppenheimer, h. collector number: 13483 Maui BISH 2/18/2009
72 Kadua formosa Hillebr. west maui, lahaina district, hahakea gulch Both sides of stream, from 1 to 8m above stream. Vegetation: Pneumatopteris, Tectaria, Urera, Boehmeria, Pipturus, Artemisia, Peperomia, Metrosideros, Buddleia, Blechnum, Adiantum, Verbena. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. brunger, j. collector number: h20618 Maui BISH 2/22/2006
73 Kadua formosa Hillebr. West Maui, Lahaina District, Kaua`ula Stream, north fork. on vertical walls along perennial stream. Vegetation: Artemisia, Lysimachia, Blechnum, Adiantum, Psilotum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H81210 Maui BISH 8/8/2012
74 Kadua formosa Hillebr. Koloa, NTBG, Lawai, McBryde Garden, nursery by pump 6 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 8842 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
75 Kadua formosa Hillebr. West Maui, Lahaina District, Hahakea Gulch Both sides of stream, from 1 to 8m above stream. Vegetation: Pneumatopteris, Tectaria, Urera, Boehmeria, Pipturus, Artemisia, Peperomia, Metrosideros, Buddleia, Blechnum, Adiantum, Verbena. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H20618 Maui BISH 2/22/2006
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