Acacia auriculiformis

A.Cunn. ex Benth. (1842)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Acacia

Darwin black wattle, earpod wattle

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Tree commonly 8–10 m high but reaching 35 m high under favorable conditions.

Stems: Bark smooth and grey (young trees), aging fissured. Branchlets slender, terete (cylindrical) except flattened towards apices, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple, modified into phyllodes. Alternate. Phyllodes very narrowly elliptic, shallowly to obviously falcately recurved or sometimes straight and dimidiate (i.e. lower margin ± straight, upper margin convex), (8–) 10–20 (–22.5) cm long, (10–) 12–40 (–60) mm wide. Base tapered with pulvinus 2–6 mm long; gland 1, not prominent but slightly raised, 0–1 mm above pulvinus. Longitudinal veins numerous and rather close together, 3–5 (–6) more pronounced than the rest, remaining separate from one another and not confluent with lower margin at base of phyllode, not forming a net-like reticulum.

Flowers: Inflorescences comprising 1 to several spikes within axils of phyllodes; spikes 5–8.5 (–10) cm long, interrupted, bright yellow to golden; peduncles 4–8 (–20) mm long. Flowers 5‑merous. Calyx of 5 sepals; calyx 0.9–1.3 mm long, dissected for ¼–⅓ of its length, glabrous. Corolla of 5 petals; petals 1.7–2.4 mm long, dissected for c. ½ of its length, glabrous. Ovary superior, densely pubescent.

Fruit: Pods strongly and often irregularly curved (into an open circle) or spirally coiled; sometimes twisted; flat but outer margins prominently undulate; c. 5–8 cm long; (7–) 10–18 (–22) mm wide; thickly coriaceous to ± woody; variably pruinose; transversely veined. Seeds ± transverse; elliptic to broadly elliptic; flattened; 4–6 mm long; 3–4 mm wide; dark brown to black; shiny; areole open at hilar end; funicle/aril encircling seed; orange or sometimes yellow or red.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially naturalizing
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents

Birds
Forestry

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: London J. Bot. 1: 377 (1842)

Other References

Frohlich & Lau 2007:9 (NEWNAT/O, DESCR); Wagner et al. 2012:36 (O record adventive); Frohlich & Lau 2014:9 (NEWNAT/O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Acacia auriculiformis Hoomaluhia Botanic Garden In full sun. Preserved_Specimen Vigorous young tree 5 m tall. Lau, J. 3036 Oahu BISH 1987-01-06
2 Acacia auriculiformis Species from Fiji growing in Aihualama, at about 600 ft. Upper Manoa Valley, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242262 Oahu BISH 1924-09-26
3 Acacia auriculiformis Kawaihau District. North of Anahola near Aliomanu Bay. At a private residence on Kalalea View Drive. A planted windrow/privacy hedge at a private residence. Cultivated plant. Preserved_Specimen Tree, branching extensively from the bottom (but evidence of pruning), approximately 4 meters tall; bark bark greyish-brown; leaves thin, medium green; fruits loosely coiled, light brown, woody; fruits present on bottom branches but not as numerous on top branches. Brock, K. 1005 Kauai BISH 2017-05-30
4 Acacia auriculiformis UH CTAHR site in Waimanalo, 41-698 Ahiki Street Lowland Windward O'ahu Agricultural farmland. Preserved_Specimen Tree to about 8 m, flowers yellow, mimosa like. Fruits twisted before maturity and especially so after maturity, seeds attached by bright orange string like arils. Lau, A. 611292 Oahu BISH 2006-11-29
5 Acacia auriculiformis East Maui, Makawao District, Hamakuapoko Preserved_Specimen Seeds surrounded by a bright orange aril and viable. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50211 Maui BISH 2002-05-04
6 Acacia auriculiformis Ewa Distr., Open shrubland along transition from upper slope to ridge top plateau. Southerly exposure. Shrub layer dominated with Psidium cattleyanum and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Paperbark, Silk Oak, Koa, Ohia. Preserved_Specimen Solitary tree 7 m tall, straight bole with scaly bark. About a dozen trees under 7 m tall scattered about in a small area. Most fruiting. Takahama, T. Oahu BISH 2020-07-22
7 Acacia auriculiformis H3 on ramp from Likelike Highway, town-bound direction. Canopy of roadside plantings and invasive weeds, including Macaranga mappa, Citharexylum caudatum, Eucalyptus spp, Spathodea campanulata, Falcataria moluccana. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 to 40 feet tall with bright yellow flowers. No fruits seen. 5 mature, 10 immature indidividuals seen. May have been originally planted in the area, but spreading widely (to over a mile away.) Kawelo, K. 329 Oahu BISH 2013-11-19
8 Acacia auriculiformis UH CTAHR site in Waimanalo, 41-698 Ahiki Street Lowland Windward O'ahu Agricultural farmland. Preserved_Specimen Tree to about 8 m, flowers yellow, mimosa like. Fruits twisted before maturity and especially so after maturity, seeds attached by bright orange string like arils. Lau, A. 611292 Oahu BISH 2006-11-29
9 Acacia auriculiformis Kawaihau District. North of Anahola, where Aliomanu Road meets Kalalea View drive. Growing in the ditch where Aliomanu Road meets Kalalea View drive. A single non-cultivated plant, likely spreading from aplanted windroow/privacy barrier 300 meters to the north. Growing with on roadside, in mesic conditions and open canopy. Preserved_Specimen Tree, approximately 3 metetrs tall; bark greyish-brown, fissured longitudinally; leaves medium green, appearing thin; fruits loosely coiled, light brown, woody. Brock, K. 845 Kauai BISH 2016-06-03
10 Acacia auriculiformis Hoomaluhia Botanic Gardens Preserved_Specimen Tree 3 m tall with rounded open crown. Flowers canary yellow. Lau, J. 3036 Oahu BISH 1987-01-06
11 Acacia auriculiformis Aiea Preserved_Specimen A handsome tree, heavy crown. Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 1954-04-27
12 Acacia auriculiformis Pearl City, Urban Garden Center, next to boardwalk garden. HUMAN_OBSERVATION Action Method: Ground; Method: On Screen Digitized; Correction: N/A; Comment: USGS 7.5 min quad Maui Invasive Species Committee Oahu HAPI 2/10/2005