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Brassica juncea

(L.) Czern. (1859)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Brassica

Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, kai choy, mustard cabbage

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Glabrate and somewhat glaucous annual herbs 3–12 dm tall, branched above, with watery and usually pungent sap.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or rarely opposite. Lower blades lyrate–pinnatifid, 10–20 cm long, 5–8 cm wide, upper leaves reduced, eventually becoming linear–lanceolate. Margins usually entire. Sessile, not clasping the stem. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in usually bractless, in elongate, terminal racemes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular; showy. Calyx of 4 sepals, ascending or spreading, deciduous, erect, usually oblong, inner ones ± gibbous at base. Corolla of 4 petals, rarely absent, yellow, 8–12 mm long, long–clawed. Stamens (2–4)6(–16), tetradynamous, the inner 4 usually in pairs, sometimes connate at base in pairs; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; style 1 or occasionally absent; stigma truncate or 2-lobed.

Fruit: Capsules divided into 2 cells by the usually thin and membranous septum; elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) and referred to as a silique. fruit an elongate; linear silique; often torulose; terete (cylindrical) or 4–angled; with a stout; indehiscent; flat or conical; often 1–seeded beak. Siliques erect; spreading; (2–)3–4 cm long; the beak 4–9 mm long. Seeds 1 to numerous; often becoming mucilaginous when wet; endosperm essentially absent; seeds brownish red; globose; 1.5–2 mm in diameter; the surface inconspicuously reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 36

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (68)

Brassica argyi H.Lév. (1907)
Brassica arvensis var. juncea (L.) Kuntze (1887)
Brassica besseriana Andrz. ex Trautv. (1860)
Brassica cernua (Thunb.) F.B.Forbes & Hemsl. (1886)
Brassica cernua var. chirimenna Makino (1912)
Brassica chenopodiifolia Sennen & Pau (1916)
Brassica chinensis f. japonica (Thunb.) M.Hiroe (1971)
Brassica integrifolia (H.West) Rupr. (1860)
Brassica integrifolia var. timoriana (DC.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica japonica (Thunb.) Siebold ex Miq. (1865)
Brassica juncea subproles aspera Prain (1898)
Brassica juncea subproles elata Prain (1898)
Brassica juncea subproles laevis Prain (1898)
Brassica juncea subsp. eujuncea Thell. (1908)
Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia (H.West) Thell. (1908)
Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis (Paillieux & Bois) Gladis (1992)
Brassica juncea subsp. rugosa (Roxb.) Prain (1898)
Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai (Z.M.Mao) Gladis (1992)
Brassica juncea subsp. urbaniana (O.E.Schulz) Thell. (1908)
Brassica juncea var. aspera (Prain) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica juncea var. chinensis (L.) N.Busch (1913)
Brassica juncea var. crispifolia L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica juncea var. elata (Prain) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica juncea var. foliosa L.H.Bailey (1930)
Brassica juncea var. gracilis Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica juncea var. integrifolia (H.West) Sinskaya (1928)
Brassica juncea var. japonica (Thunb.) L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica juncea var. laevis (Prain) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica juncea var. longidens L.H.Bailey (1930)
Brassica juncea var. megarrhiza Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica juncea var. multiceps Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica juncea var. multisecta L.H.Bailey (1922)
Brassica juncea var. napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) Kitam. (1950)
Brassica juncea var. oleifera Prain (1898)
Brassica juncea var. rugosa (Roxb.) Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica juncea var. tsatsai Z.I.Mao (1936)
Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen & S.H.Lee (1942)
Brassica lanceolata (DC.) Lange (1861)
Brassica napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) L.H.Bailey (1894)
Brassica napiformis var. multisecta A.I.Baranov (1960)
Brassica nigra var. japonica (Thunb.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica oleracea var. taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot (1910)
Brassica richeri Lange (1861)
Brassica rugosa (Roxb.) Prain (1903)
Brassica taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) H.Lév. (1912)
Brassica urbaniana O.E.Schulz (1903)
Brassica willdenovii Boiss. (1842)
Brassica willdenowii
Crucifera juncea E.H.L.Krause (1902)
Raphanus junceus (L.) Crantz (1769)
Rhamphospermum volgense Andrz. ex Rupr. (1860)
Sinabraca juncea (L.) G.H.Loos (2004)
Sinapis cernua Thunb. (1784)
Sinapis chinensis L. (1767)
Sinapis cuneifolia Roxb. (1832)
Sinapis integrifolia H.West (1793)
Sinapis integrifolia var. chevalieri Portères (1935)
Sinapis japonica Thunb. (1784)
Sinapis juncea L. (1753)
Sinapis juncea var. napiformis Pailleux & Bois (1892)
Sinapis lanceolata DC. (1821)
Sinapis oleracea C.Presl (1822)
Sinapis patens Roxb. (1832)
Sinapis ramosa Roxb. (1810)
Sinapis rugosa Roxb. (1832)
Sinapis sinensis J.F.Gmel. (1792)
Sinapis tenella Moench (1794)
Sinapis timoriana DC. (1821)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially Naturalizing
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Consp. Pl. Charc.: 8 (1859)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:400 (H); Staples & Herbst 2005:200 (KEY), 201 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Honolulu; Makiki Park Community Garden, Plot #C-4 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, K. 4 Oahu BISH 11/11/1992
2 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Wailua, roadside at Wailua Golf Course, east side of Hwy. 56 ca. 1 mi. south of KCCC Vigorous colony ca. 3 m wide. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hume, L. 493 Kauai BISH 3/7/1990
3 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. hamakua coast, laupahoehoe, 2nd turn n of seaview service station; blair woods, ltd. road; runs upward toward south, 2nd transect 0.6 miles above transect 1, which was 0.25 miles above forest reserve gate PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1856 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1970
4 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Kailua, Coconut Grove area. Grown as a vegetable at 209 Oneawa Kai Place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 907 Oahu BISH 1/25/1994
5 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. hawaii national park, mauna loa, puu ulaula. several plants PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 901 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1944
6 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. hawaii national park, old volcano house PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 229 Oahu BISH 12/1/1942
7 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. wailua, roadside at wailua golf course, east side of hwy. 56 ca. 1 mi. south of kccc Vigirous colony ca. 3 m wide. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hume, l. collector number: 493 Kauai BISH 3/7/1990
8 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Wailua, roadside at Wailua Golf Course, east side of Hwy. 56 ca. 1 mi. south of KCCC Vigirous colony ca. 3 m wide. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hume, L. Collector Number: 493 Kauai BISH 3/7/1990
9 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Honolulu area. Seeds from Japan, cultivated on University Ave. by Mrs. Misao Yamachika PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 20280 Oahu BISH 2/23/1942
10 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Hamakua Coast, Laupahoehoe, 2nd turn N of Seaview Service Station; Blair Woods, Ltd. Road; runs upward toward south, 2nd transect 0.6 miles above transect 1, which was 0.25 miles above Forest Reserve gate PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1856 Hawaii BISH 7/22/1970
11 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. honolulu area. seeds from japan, cultivated on university ave. by mrs. misao yamachika PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 20280 Oahu BISH 2/23/1942
12 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. koloa district, kalaheo. yard of house at 3581 kaloke street wet rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 6322 Oahu BISH 1/1/1989
13 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Hawaii National Park, Old Volcano House PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 229 Hawaii BISH 12/1/1942
14 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. kailua, coconut grove area. grown as a vegetable at 209 oneawa kai place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 907 Oahu BISH 1/25/1994
15 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. cultivated at 98-580 puaalii place, aiea. mustard cabbage; grown from packaged seed from florida Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lee, m. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 9/17/1990
16 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Cultivated at 98-580 Puaalii Place, Aiea. Mustard cabbage; grown from packaged seed from Florida Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lee, M. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/17/1990
17 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. waikiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2303 GH 4/13/1927
18 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. eastern island. midway atoll. [original coord.: 28º03'n, 177º60'w] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. hokama|forest starr|k. martz hokama 010526-1 MO 5/26/2001
19 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Koloa District, Kalaheo. Yard of house at 3581 Kaloke Street PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. Collector Number: 6322 Kauai BISH 1/1/1989
20 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. KAUAI: Koloa District, Kalaheo. Yard of house at 3581 Kaloke Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6322 Kauai PTBG 1/1/1989
21 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. KAUAI: Sold as "mizuna" at Wednesday farmer's market, Kapaa. Sold for $2.00 per bunch. Although available as a delicate salad green during cooler months of the year, this is most p opular at New Year's, at which time Hawaiians of Japanese de scent traditionally make a soup of it called "ozoni"; to hav e it available in the stores by Dec. 28, growers plant seed on Nov. 1. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lynwood Hume 481 Kauai PTBG 2/28/1990
22 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Wailua, roadside at Wailua Golf Course, east side of Hwy 56 ca. 1 mile south of KCCC. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lynwood Hume 493 Kauai PTBG 3/7/1990
23 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. KAUAI: Farmer's Market, Koloa Park. Sold as vegetable by loc al gardener. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lynwood Hume 381 Kauai PTBG 5/8/1989
24 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Kalaheo. Yard of house at 3581 Kaloke Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6322 Kauai PTBG 1/1/1989
25 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Farmer's Market, Koloa Park. Sold as vegetable by local gardener. Sold as vegetable by local gardener. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hume, L. 381 Kauai BISH 5/8/1989
26 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Koloa District, Kalaheo. Yard of house at 3581 Kaloke Street PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 6322 Kauai BISH 1/1/1989
27 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. hume 481 Kauai US 2/28/1990
28 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Hawaii National Park, Mauna Loa, Puu Ulaula. Several plants PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 901 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1944
29 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. honolulu; makiki park community garden, plot #c-4 Coastal mesic seacliffs W/Artemisia australis, Eragrostis variabillis, Lepidium bidentatum, Bidens mauiensis, B.hillebrandiana polycephala, B. molokaiensis, Cyperus phleoides, Euphorbia celastroides amplectens. Schiedea glo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN anderson, k. collector number: 4 Molokai BISH 11/11/1992
30 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Kalaheo, near intersection of Waha and Niho roads. Growing at edge of cane field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 808 Kauai PTBG 3/19/1984
31 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Purchased at Daiei (Formerly Holiday Mart), Kailua. Originally grown on Big Island. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN George Staples 936 Oahu PTBG 6/7/1994
32 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. KAUAI: Wailua, roadside at Wailua Golf Course, east side of Hwy 56 ca. 1 mile south of KCCC. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lynwood Hume 493 Kauai PTBG 3/7/1990
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