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Viola odorata

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

sweet violet

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Rooted rosettes often develop into erect, rhizomatous caudex from which new stolons are produced; rhizome thick, fleshy.

Stems: Rhizomes 0.5–2" long, knobby, not or only weakly producing stolons, stolons green, often rooting at nodes.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades broadly ovate–cordate, 3.0–3.6 cm ≈ 3.2–6.0 cm. Apex bluntly pointed. Base cordate. Surfaces sparsely puberulous or subglabrous. Margins crenate, ciliate. Petioles 2–17 cm. Stipules inconspicuous or ostipules lanceolate to linear–lanceolate, margins fimbriate, projections gland–tipped, apex acute.

Flowers: Flowers in early–season flowers on scapes up to 10 cm tall, fragrant; late–season flowers commonly produced, on scapes 1.25–2.5 cm tall. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 5 sepals, sepals greenish purple, narrow to broadly lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 3–4 mm. Corolla to 2.5 cm in diameter, not circular in outline, violet, corolla of 5 petals, lowermost petals spurred, spur usually same color as petals, lateral pair of petals bearded or glabrous; (Corolla (petals) absent on late season flowers). Stamens 5; filaments short; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules numerous per placenta, placentation parietal; anatropous; style 1.

Fruit: Fruit globose capsules; ca. 5–8 mm; puberulent; not explosive; sometimes purple–flecked; ovoid. Seeds numerous; brown; 3–4 mm; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 20

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Lana'i Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 934 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1332 (K? [reported but unvouchered along stream and in wet forest on southwestern Kaua‘I, 1987], L? [single coll. along watercourse in Mahana Valley, 1910]); Shannon & Wagner 1996:15 (NEWNAT/H); Staples & Herbst 2005:570 (KEY, DESCR); Imada 2007:39 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola odorata L. Mahana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8080 Lanai BISH 7/24/1910
2 Viola odorata L. Park Cottage 55 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 456 Hawaii BISH 3/15/1943
3 Viola odorata L. Waimea, Kokee, Halemanu Road between Hwy. 550 and Stream, NE of turnoff from NASA tracking station with Acacia koa, Corynocarpus, Myrica faya, Rubus argutus, Passiflora tarminiana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. Lorence, G.; Black, L. Collector Number: 8455 Kauai BISH 12/30/1999
4 Viola odorata L. mahana valley, along the watercourse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8080 Lanai BISH 7/24/1910
5 Viola odorata L. kokee. camp 10 rd. gdn at plew's residence. no seedlings observed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN plews, j.h.r. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 10/23/1986
6 Viola odorata L. waimea, kokee, halemanu road between hwy. 550 and stream, ne of turnoff from nasa tracking station Near cane fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. lorence, g.; black, l. collector number: 8455 Hawaii BISH 12/30/1999
7 Viola odorata L. mahana valley, along the watercourse Assoc. with Antidesma, Metrosideros, Pipturus & Urera. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8080 Oahu BISH 7/24/1910
8 Viola odorata L. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ho, A. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 3/7/1931
9 Viola odorata L. Waimea, Kokee, Halemanu Road between Hwy. 550 and Stream, NE of turnoff from NASA tracking station with Acacia koa, Corynocarpus, Myrica faya, Rubus argutus, Passiflora tarminiana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 8455 Kauai BISH 12/30/1999
10 Viola odorata L. hawaii volcanoes national park, thurston lava tube, kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 46053 Hawaii US 3/20/1965
11 Viola odorata L. park cottage 55 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 456 Lanai BISH 3/15/1943
12 Viola odorata L. mahana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8080 Lanai BISH 7/24/1910
13 Viola odorata L. MAUI: E. Maui, Makawao District, Olinda. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H30140 Maui PTBG 3/24/2001
14 Viola odorata L. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Thurston Lava Tube, Kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 46053 Hawaii US 3/20/1965
15 Viola odorata L. mahana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8080 Lanai US 7/24/1910
16 Viola odorata L. Mahana valley, along watercourse. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. F. Rock 8080 Lanai PTBG 7/24/1910
17 Viola odorata L. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ho, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 3/7/1931
18 Viola odorata L. Honolulu; Punahou area, 1944 Manoa Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1316 Oahu BISH 8/19/1985
19 Viola odorata L. Kokee. Camp 10 Rd. Gdn at Plew's residence. no seedlings observed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Plews, J.H.R. s.n. Kauai BISH 10/23/1986
20 Viola odorata L. Mahana Valley, along the watercourse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8080 Lanai BISH 7/24/1910
21 Viola odorata L. honolulu; punahou area, 1944 manoa rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1316 Kauai BISH 8/19/1985
22 Viola odorata L. Mahana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8080 Lanai US 7/24/2010
23 Viola odorata L. iao, maui On trunks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN aborn, r. s.n. YPM 4/13/1962
24 Viola odorata L. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ho, a. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 3/7/1931
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