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Lonicera japonica

Thunb. (1784)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Dipsacales Family: Caprifoliaceae Genus: Lonicera

honekakala, japanese honeysuckle

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Sprawling and twining lianas.

Stems: Young stems pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate, elliptic, oblong, or broadly lanceolate, blades 3–8 cm long, 1–3.5 cm wide. Surfaces pubescent, becoming glabrate above. Margins entire or young lower leaves sometimes lobed. Petioles 3-8 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in cymose inflorescences, flowers 2 in axillary cymes, bracts 1–2 cm long, bracteoles suborbicular, ca.1 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), showy and fragrant. Calyx 4–5-lobed. Corolla elongate, tubular to funnelform, often gibbours at base, 4–5-lobed, corolla white, turning yellowish or tinged pink, 2-lipped, 2–3 cm long. Stamens inserted on the corolla tube; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior; ovule placentation axile, pendulous, anatropous; style 1.

Fruit: Berries bluish black; globose; 6–7 mm in diameter. Seeds with oily; fleshy endosperm. This species does not usually produce fruit in Hawai‘i. If a fertile strain develops; it could become an extremely serious weed; as it has in other areas. Recently; G. Linney (pers. comm.) reported that most plants in Mānoa Valley; O‘ahu; set seed.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat: Cultivated and now escaping and becoming naturalized in mesic to wet areas in Kōke‘e State Park; Kaua‘i; and near Volcano and slopes of Hualālai; Hawai‘i.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (45)

Caprifolium brachypodum G.Gordon (1877)
Caprifolium chinense S.Watson ex G.Don (1830)
Caprifolium japonicum (Thunb.) Dum.Cours. (1814)
Caprifolium japonicum f. subverticillare Kuntze (1891)
Caprifolium roseum Lam. (1779)
Lonicera aureoreticulata T.Moore (1863)
Lonicera brachypoda DC. (1830)
Lonicera brachypoda aureoreticulata (T.Moore) Jacob-Makoy (1865)
Lonicera brachypoda reticulata André (1866)
Lonicera brachypoda var. aureoreticulata Rothsch. (1868)
Lonicera brachypoda var. repens Siebold (1845)
Lonicera brachypoda var. reticulata Witte (1868)
Lonicera brachypoda variegata Abbey (1864)
Lonicera chinensis P.Watson (1825)
Lonicera cochinchinensis G.Don (1834)
Lonicera confusa Miq. (1866)
Lonicera diversifolia Carrière (1866)
Lonicera fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot (1908)
Lonicera finlaysoniana Wall. (1832)
Lonicera flexuosa Thunb. (1794)
Lonicera flexuosa f. aureoreticulata (T.Moore) Dippel (1889)
Lonicera flexuosa f. halliana Dippel (1889)
Lonicera japonica f. aureoreticulata (T.Moore) Rehder (1903)
Lonicera japonica f. chinensis (P.Watson) H.Hara (1952)
Lonicera japonica f. flexuosa (Thunb.) Zabel (1903)
Lonicera japonica f. halliana (Dippel) H.Hara (1952)
Lonicera japonica f. macrantha Matsuda (1912)
Lonicera japonica f. purpurella Honda (1938)
Lonicera japonica f. quercifolia A.I.V.Correia (1987)
Lonicera japonica hybrida J.Dix (1860)
Lonicera japonica var. aureoreticulata (T.Moore) G.Nicholson (1896)
Lonicera japonica var. brachypoda Nakai (1927)
Lonicera japonica var. chinensis (P.Watson) Baker (1871)
Lonicera japonica var. flexuosa (Thunb.) G.Nicholson (1896)
Lonicera japonica var. halliana (Dippel) G.Nicholson (1896)
Lonicera japonica var. miyagusukiana Makino (1912)
Lonicera japonica var. purpurea
Lonicera japonica var. repens (Siebold) Rehder (1926)
Lonicera japonica var. sempervillosa Hayata (1920)
Lonicera miyagusukiana (Makino) Ohwi (1936)
Lonicera nigra Thunb. (1784)
Lonicera repens Hassk. (1844)
Lonicera shintenensis Hayata (1920)
Nintooa japonica (Thunb.) Sweet (1830)
Xylosteon flexuosum (Thunb.) Dum.Cours. (1814)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First naturalized collection made on Hawai'i in l95l

Bibliography

Name Published In: J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 216 (1784)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:495 (K, H); Starr et al. 2002:19 (EM); Staples & Herbst 2005:221 (DESCR); Frohlich & Lau 2008:5 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Lonicera japonica Honolulu, 908 Kamilonui Rd full sun, potted Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub intertangled with other shrubs. Flowers cream aging to creamy yellow, slightly fragrant (morning) Lau, J. 1855 Oahu BISH 1986-01-13
2 Lonicera japonica Kilauea Military Camp edges of thicket in disturbed ground around camp, compact ash soil Preserved_Specimen woody vine, veins not purple, flowers white, turning yellow, fragrant Fosberg, F.R. 33294 Hawaii BISH 1951-02-12
3 Lonicera japonica BYU-HC loamy clay, grasses Preserved_Specimen Loyd, L. 24 Oahu BISH 1977-03-23
4 Lonicera japonica Nuuanu Valley, near upper reservoir top of embankment Preserved_Specimen Vine; fls. white, turning yellow Fosberg, F.R. 27091 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
5 Lonicera japonica Waimea, Kokee State Park; unnamed trail from Kokee-Halemanu Trail to Highway 550 predominantly secondary vegetation of Myrica faya, Acacia melanoxylon, and Eucalyptus, with some native species Preserved_Specimen Woody vine rooting along stems, juvenile foliage heterophyllous. Flowers fragrant, corolla white fading yellow. Lorence, D.H. 5810 Kauai BISH 1988-02-17
6 Lonicera japonica BYU-HC sandy, clay Preserved_Specimen twinning shrub with downy branches, leaves short-stemed, thick oval downy beneath, flowers downy outside, open white with a purple tinge and soon turn yellow Utai, M. 841 Oahu BISH 1975-03-01
7 Lonicera japonica East Maui, Makawao District, Pulehunui AHU, Kula, Crater Road near Pony Express Sprawling across ground and twining up trees. Preserved_Specimen A new island record. All sites monitored (Kahului, Makawao, Kula) produced fruits. Germination trials were done and the seeds were viable. Starr, F. 98082617 Maui BISH 1998-08-26
8 Lonicera japonica CCH, courtyard Men's Dorm I, in corner of court by lounge Preserved_Specimen yellow flower Ayakawa, G.T. 4 Oahu BISH 1967-03-15
9 Lonicera japonica Waimea District. Kokee State Park, along Highway 550 at about 200 meters south of Awa`awapuhi Trail head. Diverse mesic forest, with Metrosideros polymorpha and Acacia koa dominant. Understory with Psychotria, Claoxylon, Nesteges, and Pouteria, invaded by Hedychium, Lonicera, Psidium, Corynocarpus and Morella. Preserved_Specimen Liana reaching canopy, main stem 3 cm. diameter, bark pale whitish-brownb, flaking; petioles and young stems reddish brown. Flowers sweetly fragrant, corolla tube and lobes pink without, white within, fading yellow. Lorence, D.H. 10528 Kauai BISH 2015-07-16
10 Lonicera japonica BYU-Hawaii loam Preserved_Specimen low twing shrub. Leaves are short-stemmed, thick oval beneath, smooth above. Flowers upper lip four-lobed, the lower lip narrow and entire Lee, P. 41 Oahu BISH 1975-03-27
11 Lonicera japonica N Kona, Kaloko AHU, Tr 50 (5/6); N slope of Hualalai, E of Kaupulehu Crater Mesic koa-ohia forest w/other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass u/s Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2117 Hawaii BISH 1978-01-01
12 Lonicera japonica BYU-Hawaii Preserved_Specimen shrubby, suffrute scent Mace, G. 1 Oahu BISH 1975-04-04
13 Lonicera japonica BYU-HC, Laie loam, grassy Preserved_Specimen low shrub, flower turns yellow after opening white Ziegelbauer, K. 25 Oahu BISH 1975-02-18
14 Lonicera japonica Wahiawa, UTM 2377373, 601576 Mesic cultivated area. Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling vine; flowers about 1 inch long, fragrant; fruits .20 inch diameter, round, black. OED 2008011501 Oahu BISH 2009-01-15
15 Lonicera japonica Kilauea Volcano, Crater Rim Rd., near residence area Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen twining woody vine; flowers fragrant, white, turning deep yellow Fosberg, F.R. 47722 Hawaii BISH 1965-09-20
16 Lonicera japonica Laie sandy loam Preserved_Specimen woody vine, flower yellowish Kamae, K.K. 22 Oahu BISH 1967-04-13
17 Lonicera japonica Waihee Valley Naturalized on ridge, sprawling over shrub. Associated vegetation- Haole koa, Strawberry guava. Preserved_Specimen Shrubby sprawling vine. Preble, J. 2007120801 Oahu BISH 2007-12-08
18 Lonicera japonica Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, 30 ft. from Puu oo Trail Plants in pastureland. Preserved_Specimen Climbing 12 feet up a fallen tree. Flowers white and yellow, fragrant. Cuddihy, L.W. 80 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-20
19 Lonicera japonica Halawa Xeriscape Garden, Board of Water Supply groundcover on hillside Preserved_Specimen sprawling across ground and twining on other plants; flws purplish outside, white inside, sweetly fragrant Herbst, D.R. 9248 Oahu BISH 1990-03-03
20 Lonicera japonica BYU-HC, Laie silty loam; ground cover Preserved_Specimen low twining shrub; fragrant flowers white turning to yellow Afualo, D. 81 Oahu BISH 1975-03-17
21 Lonicera japonica Keauhou Ranch, Kau District. 30 ft from Puu Oo trail Plants in pastureland, climbing up a fallen tree. Preserved_Specimen Flowers white & yellow, fragrant. Cuddihy, L.W. 80 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-20
22 Lonicera japonica East Maui, Makawao District, Kealahou ahupuaa, Kula, crest of Kekaulike Ave., Keahuaiwi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Producing viable fruit. Naturalized. Starr, F. 9812091 Maui BISH 1998-12-09
23 Lonicera japonica W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokowai, Kaulalewelewe Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, fragrant, turning yellow; no fruits ever observed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60101 Maui BISH 2001-06-01
24 Lonicera japonica Polama Settlement, Laie Preserved_Specimen Luke, K. 9 Oahu BISH 1960-11-24
25 Lonicera japonica Honolulu, Nuuanu Ave. nr. Country Club, residence of Theo.Cooke Preserved_Specimen fls. abundant, white and yellow Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1947-06-12
26 Lonicera japonica Volcano dump Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5269 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
27 Lonicera japonica Kapalama Hts., Kamamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
28 Lonicera japonica Kokee, his garden Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1987-04-10
29 Lonicera japonica Kokee: Camp 10 Road; Garden at Plew's residence Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1986-10-23
30 Lonicera japonica U.H.Campus Preserved_Specimen Octavio, A.M. Oahu BISH 1929-11-23
31 Lonicera japonica Ualakaa St., Honolulu, Arthur Greenwell place Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21704 Oahu BISH 1947-06-22
32 Lonicera japonica Honolulu, Nuuanu Ave. nr. Country Club, residence of Theo.Cooke Preserved_Specimen Fls. white and yellow Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1948-06-12
33 Lonicera japonica Honolulu, 3058 Nuuanu Ave Preserved_Specimen Vigorous vine, fls. prolific Thompson, Mrs.R.O. Oahu BISH 1947-05-29
34 Lonicera japonica S.Kona, Honomalino Preserved_Specimen Kawasaki, A. Hawaii BISH 1962-09-28
35 Lonicera japonica Ualakaa St., Honolulu, Arthur Greenwell place Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21704 Oahu BISH 1947-06-22
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