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Geniostoma lydgatei

(C.N.Forbes) Byng & Christenh. (2018)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Loganiaceae Genus: Geniostoma

kāmakahala [kamakahala]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees.

Stems: Stems sharply angled, apparently many-branched, sparsely short–hispidulous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–10 cm long, 2–7 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base attenuate to cuneate. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces moderately appressed short–hispidulous along veins; blades slightly rugose. Margins entire or rarely toothed. Petioles 0–0.8 cm long. Stipules interpetiolar, may also be intrapetiolar, membranous, connate into a cup ca. 4–5 mm long, distinct from petioles, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous near base, deciduous.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences terminal, flowers 6–20 in compound, sessile cymes, short–hispidulous throughout or glabrate, pedicels 6–12 mm long, bracts and bracteoles filiform, 1.5–2.5 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or functionally unisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx 5-merous, lobes slightly unequal, united at base, linear–subulate, 1.5–2(–2.5) mm long, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, imbricate, glabrous, inner surface of calyx often with colleters at the base, margin mostly fimbriate. Corolla 5-merous, probably pale yellow or greenish yellow, funnelform–salverform, 6.5–7 mm long, the tube ca. 4 mm long, glabrous externally, the lobes narrowly deltate, 2.5–3 mm long, sparsely hirtellous on the tube within and on lower part of lobes; ; lobes imbricate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5-merous, as many as and alternate corolla lobes, attached to mouth of corolla, exserted, usually recurved after anthesis, glabrous or hairy; filaments mostly short; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or partly inferior, carpels hairy or glabrous, 2– or 3-locular, sometimes partitions imperfect in upper part of ovary; ovules numerous, amphitropous, placentation axile; style terminal, mostly short; stigma clavate, ellipsoid, to globular, sometimes ± oblong, about as large as ovary.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid; 3.5–4 mm long; 3–3.2 mm in diameter; 2–valved; valves not keeled; apex with a small blunt beak 0.2–0.3 mm long; septicidal to sub–septifragal; maturing to green; with or without a black–purple tinge; usually becoming brown–black when over–mature. Seeds not seen.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Montane Wahiawa Mountains; Kaua'i.

Elevation Range: 300–1100 m

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Global Fl. 4: 145 (2018)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:860 (K [as Labordia lydgatei]); Gibbons et al. 2012/Christenhusz et al. 2018:145 (Syn. L. lydgatei = G. lydgatei)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 179 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
2 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
3 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
4 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details S aspect, subgulch, SE Preserved_Specimen Nishek, B. 1 Kauai BISH 2004-11-20
5 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pisonia - Dicranopteris Riparian Forest. W/ Antidesma, Metrosideros, Bidens forbesil, Cyrtandra, Ilix, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Zanthoxylum dipetalum Preserved_Specimen Tree about 25 ft. tall. W/ many upward side branches. W/ small yellow flower and immature fruit. Fruit immature green Tangalin, N. 244 Kauai BISH 2004-12-13
6 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris montane wet forest with Cheirodendron, Hedyotis terminalis, Broussaisia, Ilex anamola, Pittosporum glabrum. Windswept shrublands on upper ridges. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall, few branched tree; 4 trees, 2480 ft elev; 12.5 cm dia; bark white-brown; w/ Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis. Wood, K.R. 2637 Kauai BISH 1993-06-30
7 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 spp.), Dicranopteris (in open areas), Cyrtandra (3 spp.) Labordia hirtella. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2.5 m tall; sterile Wagner, W.L. 6020 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
8 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest with Dubautia, Meicope spp., Hesperomannia, Cyanea, Pritchardia, Syzygium, Antidesma, Cheirodendron, Hedyotis, Broussaisia, Labordia tinifolia & L. lydgatei, Eurya, Platydesma rostrata, Scaevola mollis, Cyrtandra spp. Preserved_Specimen 5 m tall tree; showing old inflorescence; trunk 12 cm DBH, 2.5 m tall before branching, pale-white, vigorous; growing over steep rock drainage above main gulch with 25 degree NE aspect & cascading below is Dicranopteris. Wood, K.R. 1361 Kauai BISH 1991-11-07
9 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium & Dicranopteris w/ Broussaisia arguta, Touchcardia latifolia, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraeana, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Sadleria spp, Cystopte Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, stems gray-brown, in flower and some fruit, 2 trees in immediate area Wood, K.R. 18791 Kauai BISH 2021-07-29
10 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest w/Labordia lydgatei; Cyrtandra oenobarba, rich w/ pteridophytes, waterfalls w/ saturated basalt walls. Preserved_Specimen 3 mtall tree; sparingly branched; bark white; stems yellow-brown; leaves reticulate, glossy green above, paler below; capsules shiney green; peduncle yellow-green; main nerve w/ reticulate veins yellow-green. Wood, K.R. 3576 Kauai BISH 1994-09-26
11 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest with Cheirodendron, Hedyotis terminalis, Broussaisia, Ilex anamola, Pittosporum glabrum. Windswept shrublands on upper ridges. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall w/ old flower and fruit; bark cream-white with vertical fissures; 230 deg SW aspect; 710 m elev. with Hesperomannia lydgatei, Viola helanae, Platydesma rostrata, Pritchardia; single tree. Wood, K.R. 2116 Kauai BISH 1996-03-26
12 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros open forest 2-10% cover at 7-10 m tall. w / mixed understoy 30% cover at 2-5 m tall w/ Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, Syzgium sandwicensis, Melicope wawrana, M. feddei, M. clusiifolia, Scaevola procera, Broussaisia arguta, and 30-70% Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 m tall, stems gray, north aspect, in flower and fruit, single tree observed Wood, K.R. 12012 Kauai BISH 2006-08-09
13 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details gulch. Pisonia - Dicranopteris Riparian. W/ Bidens forbesii, Cyrtandra, Ilex, Psychoria, Tetraplasandra, Zanthoxylum dipetalum Preserved_Specimen 18 ft. tall w/ old fruit, immature capsuels, and flower. Bark white w/ longitudinal fissures, Lvs., glabrous whiteish below, green-yellow above. Midrib and apex arching lateral veins yellow translucent in sunlight. Branches & lvs. Decussate. Fruits small, beaked, white-green, becoming black and pendent w/ age. Tree Tangalin, N. 229 Kauai BISH 2004-11-26
14 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron spp. lowland wet forest with Broussaisia, Melicope, Hedyotis, Freycinetia, Pritchardia, Antidesma, Psychotria, Elaphoglossum, Viola helenae, Cyrtandra, Hesperomannia, Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Plant with flowers and old fruit. Perlman, S. 5978 Kauai BISH 1987-06-20
15 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest bordered by steep slopes od Dicranopteris and Diplopterygium matting ferns, 90% closed canopy with Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Broussaisia arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron forbesii, C. faurei, Ilex anomala, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria mariniana, Bobea brevipes, Kadu Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 meters tall, in flower, corolla orange-yellow, rare in area Wood, K.R. 18470 Kauai BISH 2020-07-01
16 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed lowland wet forest with riparian vegetation w/ Antidesma platyphylla, Planchonella sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, P. mauiensis, P. wawrae, Melicope clusiifolia, M. wawraena, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra kealiae urc Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 m tall, w/ flower and fruit, south side of ridge, group of 5 trees in immediate area, only one tree w/ mature seed capsules. Wood, K.R. 18802 Kauai BISH 2021-08-10
17 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron Wet Forest. With Metrosideros, Clidemia, Cheirodendron, Psychotria mariniana, Polyscias kavaiensis, Freycinetia, Cyrtandra, Antidesma, Perrottetia, Melicope wawraeana, Kadua affinis, K. tryblium, Dubautia knudsenii Preserved_Specimen 6 feet tall shrub in 5 feet high Diplopterygium; healthy, young leaves with hairs, loder less but hairs [illegible]; leaves light yellow green; stems [illegible]; with old flowers, male? Tangalin, N. 3683 Kauai BISH 2014-02-10
18 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details N facing aspect in sub-gulch. Metrosideros Dicranopteris Lowland wet forest. W/Syzigium, Broussaisia, Tetraplasandra, Psychotria, Scaevola, Perrottetia, Antidesma, Xylosma, Cyanea spp. Cyrtandra spp., Psidium cattleianum, Viola helena. Preserved_Specimen Small tree. Fruit pendent, small and green. Leaf w/revolute margin. Petiole, peduncle and underside of leaf w/hairs. Apex of stem w/brn hairs. Tangalin, N. 197 Kauai BISH 2004-08-16
19 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest bordered by steep slopes of Dicranopteris and Diplopterygium matting ferns, 90% closed canopy with Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Syzgium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron forbesii, Ilex anomala, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraeana, Melicope feddei, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 meters tall, immatue fruit, 3 plants in immediate area, mapped. Wood, K.R. 18285 Kauai BISH 2019-08-21
20 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Waiahi south branch, north of Komooloa, headwaters. Open wind-swept shrubland ridges dissected by drainages and patches of low forest 4-7 (-10) m tall, 90- 95% cover. Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron interspersed with Psychotria, Broussaisia, Tetraplasandra, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, ferns of Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Sphenomeris, Selaginella, Pneuma Preserved_Specimen tree, 4 m tall, in low canopy with Metrosideros and Antidesma, steep slope, single tree observed, associated with L hirtella Wood, K.R. 14431 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
21 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metorsideros lowland wet forest with Cyanea fissa, Broussaisia, Freycinetia, Antidesma, Cibotium, Ilex, Psychotria, Elaphoglossum, Psidium cattleianum, Rubus rosifolius. Preserved_Specimen 1 tree, 10 ft ht, with flower buds. Perlman, S. 13557 Kauai BISH 1993-04-16
22 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia (Metrosideros) Lowland wet forest, Syzygium sandwicensis, Metrosideros polymorpha var. Glaberrima, M. polymorpha var. dieteri, Dubautia laxa, D. knudsenii, Kadua affinis, Hydrangea arguta. Preserved_Specimen One tree, 3 m tall, with mature and immature fruit in midstory of South-facing steep stream bank, about 30 ft above stream. Leaves dark green adaxially, lighter below, conspicuously impressed veination, dark hairs on stem. Fruits green, infructescences held horizontally on stem. This was first observation in area. A.M. Williams 732 Kauai BISH 2022-05-23
23 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest with Syzygium, Antidesma, Melicope, Cheirodendron, Hedyotis, Broussaisia, Hesperomannia, Cyanea spp. Dubautia, Labordia, Eurya, Platydesma, Scaevola & Cyrtandra spp. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall tree; 10 cm DBH, in bud & flower. Found on steep drop below ridge, cool & closed forest; South aspect; rare. Wood, K.R. 1053 Kauai BISH 1991-11-11
24 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron Wet Forest Melicope wawraeana, Kadua affinis, Dubautia, Cyanea, Diplopterygium, Ilex anomala, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Kadua affinis, Bidens, Smilax, Psychotria, Pritchardia limahuliensis, Myrsine, Machaerina Preserved_Specimen No permanent tag. Fruit and flower. Shrub 6-8 ft. tall. Leaves lower on plant larger. Fruit pendent. Underside of leaf w/ hairs Tangalin, N. 2560 Kauai BISH 2011-03-08
25 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details lowland wet forest; Metrosideros, Antidesma platyphyllum, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia knudsenii, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Pipturus kauaiensis, Hedyotis schlechtendahliana, Peperomia latifolia, P. tetraphylla, Sadleria pallida, Cibotium glaucum, Vandenboshia cyrtotheca, Asplenium lobulatum Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m long, leaves light green, reticulate; flower pendent Wood, K.R. 7937 Kauai BISH 1998-05-27
26 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest bordered by steep slopes of Dicranopteris and Diplopterygium matting ferns with Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron forbesii, Ilex anomala, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Kadua affinis Preserved_Specimen Tree, on ridge above camp, extremely steep, in flower, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17408 Kauai BISH 2017-05-18
27 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Just West of ridge and 20 ft below in full sun. Wet Lowland Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Forest w/Pritchardia flynnii, Cheirodendron, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Syzgium, Melicope feddei, Broussaisia, Hesperomannia lydgatei, Bobea, Antidesma, Polyscias oahuensis, Cyanea fissa, C. kahiliensis, C. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 10 ft. tall. Small tree in fernsw/old flower and immature fruit and few old fruit Tangalin, N. 2180 Kauai BISH 2009-09-14
28 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest and shrubland with Cheirodendron, Syzygium, Antidesma platyphyllum, Psychotria mariniana, Dubautia laxa. Leaning over drainage with Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen 4-5m tree in flower and fruit (old and new capsule). Wood, K.R. 7969 Kauai BISH 1999-08-26
29 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Forest, Uluhe ridge W/Dicranopteris linearis, diplopterygium pinnatum, Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron sp Preserved_Specimen 9 ft tall, healthy individual, flowering, fruiting Watson, J.C. 6 Kauai BISH 2013-06-13
30 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet shrubland with small pockets of mixed wet forest below ridgeline with Broussaisia arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana & P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia laxa Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, trunk gray, in Dicranopteris just below ridgeline on north side, single tree, with immature and mature fruit Wood, K.R. 15256 Kauai BISH 2012-09-21
31 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 179 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
32 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 179 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
33 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 10-12 ft. tree; sffron-yellow wood. Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH 1910-05-20
34 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 179 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
35 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Above LabLyd plants #1 & #2, tree #4. Pisonia - Dicranopteris Riparian Forest. W/Antidesma, Metrosideros, Bidens forbesii, Cyrtandra, Ilex, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Zanthoxylum dipetalum. Preserved_Specimen Tree about 20 ft. tall. With flowers, immature and old fruit. Tree upright w/multiple branches, new side branches from main trunk. Trunk grey knotting w/dead portions. Ends of branches black. Flws yellow. Calyx and peduncles pubescent. Edges of sipules black, lvs glossy light green above w/white glossy green below. Tangalin, N. 243 Kauai BISH 2004-12-13
36 Geniostoma lydgatei Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 204 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
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