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Carex subfusca

W.Boott (1880)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex

carex

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Densely tufted perennials, forming small to medium-sized clumps.

Stems: Culms acutely trigonous, 15–60 cm tall, scabrous on angles.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Blades linear, flat, as long or longer than culms, 1–3 mm wide. Apex gradually narrowed and long-acuminate. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths brown, closely surrounding the culm, disintegrating into fine parallel fibers. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescence an ovoid to oblong–ovoid, headlike cluster of 4–9 spikes, axis nearly obscured, spikes yellowish brown, ovoid, 0.5–0.6 cm long, 2–3 mm wide, gynecandrous, scarcely echinate, sessile; bracts short, lower ones up to 10 mm long, not sheathing; pistillate glumes pale brown, membranous, narrowly ovate, 3–3.2 mm long, 1.5–1.8 mm wide, apex acute or acuminate; perigynium membranous, pale yellowish brown or greenish yellow, spreading at maturity, lanceoloid to ovoid–ellipsoid, lenticular, 3–4.5 mm long, 1.5–1.7 mm wide, weakly several–nerved, margins narrowly winged and serrulate–scabrous, apex gradually narrowed to a long beak, the beak with a brown dorsal suture, deeply bifid on dorsal side, shallowly 2–toothed on ventral side, base cuneate. Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Achenes ovoid; lenticular; short–stipitate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 2n = 82; 86

Habitat: Known from dry; open meadows and grassy slopes.

Elevation Range: 1,190–2,740 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: S.Watson & al., Bot. California 2: 234 (1880)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1389 (M, H [as C. macloviana subsp. subfusca]); Ball & Reznicek 2002 (Syn. C. m. subsp. subfusca = C. subfusca)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Carex subfusca Olinda pipe line trail Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9011 Maui BISH 1927-06-14
2 Carex subfusca Waikii, Waikoloa, S Kohala pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2287 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-10
3 Carex subfusca Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12731 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
4 Carex subfusca E Maui, Headwalls of Kipahulu Valley Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1979 Maui BISH 1997-09-25
5 Carex subfusca Bird Park Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 575 Hawaii BISH 1943-05-24
6 Carex subfusca Along NE (Kalapawili) ridge of Haleakala Crater an upper end of Deschampsia grassland; frequent with Deschampsia, Holcus etc Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3582 Maui BISH 1969-06-19
7 Carex subfusca Waikii edges of corn field Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-21
8 Carex subfusca Haleakala crater, Kaupo Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1248 Maui BISH 1919-08-25
9 Carex subfusca E of Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 719 Maui BISH 1919-07-11
10 Carex subfusca Mauna Loa, below Puu o Uo, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 806 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-11
11 Carex subfusca East Maui, in center of crater Preserved_Specimen Shrubs. Cranwell, L.M. 2794 Maui BISH 1938-08-04
12 Carex subfusca E Maui, Uppe Shelf headwalls and drainages of Kipahulu Valley near mauka ridge Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1978 Maui BISH 1997-09-25
13 Carex subfusca N of Ulupalakua Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9014 Maui BISH 1927-07-04
14 Carex subfusca East Maui, Upper Shelf of Kipahulu Valley above West Camp on trail to Wainene. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1920 Maui BISH 1997-04-24
15 Carex subfusca Ulupalakuo Pasture Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) 1801 Maui BISH
16 Carex subfusca East Maui, Kula Forest Reserve, Redwood Trail Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3802 Maui BISH 1995-05-06
17 Carex subfusca Mauna Kea, Moano hill Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3279 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
18 Carex subfusca N Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1186 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
19 Carex subfusca N Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1227 Maui BISH 1919-08-23
20 Carex subfusca Kaeanae Gap, Halehoku, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1010 Maui BISH 1919-08-02
21 Carex subfusca high central plateau Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 332 Hawaii BISH 1864-01-01
22 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala crater, Puu Laie Preserved_Specimen Krauss, R.W. 343 Maui BISH 1948-09-03
23 Carex subfusca Haleakala crater, W wall Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 830 Maui BISH 1922-10-16
24 Carex subfusca Mauna Loa, 1st fenced area Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 571 Hawaii BISH 1943-05-24
25 Carex subfusca Haleakala Crater, near Koolau Gap Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9012 Maui BISH 1927-06-29
26 Carex subfusca Hualalai above Hanekaue Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 177 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-16
27 Carex subfusca Haleakala, Koolau Gap Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9015 Maui BISH 1987-08-19
28 Carex subfusca Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9013 Maui BISH 1927-08-10
29 Carex subfusca Puu Hualalai, Kaupulehu volcanic cone, dry lava crevices Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11438 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-30
30 Carex subfusca East Maui, NE Haleakala, N of Paliku Cabin, Lauulu trail, Kalapawili ridge Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3577 Maui BISH 1969-06-19
31 Carex subfusca East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Haleakala Crater, E Kaupo Trail Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 404 Maui BISH 1983-06-27
32 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala Crater in the paliku cabin area. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1675 Maui BISH 1992-12-07
33 Carex subfusca E Mauna Loa, trail to rest house Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 524 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-15
34 Carex subfusca E of Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 824 Maui BISH 1919-07-17
35 Carex subfusca Volcano, Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu, Bird Park Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 110 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-21
36 Carex subfusca Kilauea, Fern Forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 570 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-17
37 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala Crater near bottom of Lau ulu trail. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1924 Maui BISH 1997-05-27
38 Carex subfusca Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 146 Hawaii BISH 1854-01-01
39 Carex subfusca Bird Park Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. Hawaii BISH 1935-08-01
40 Carex subfusca Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
41 Carex subfusca East Maui, N Haleakala, 1.5 mi N of Paliku Cabin, below Puu Alaea with Sadleria, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Metrosideros, Geranium Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3681 Maui BISH 1969-06-22
42 Carex subfusca Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
43 Carex subfusca Kona, Hanehane Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1911-06-15
44 Carex subfusca flow of 1823, level of Keawe Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 972 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-28
45 Carex subfusca SW Mauna Loa, Kapua with Metrosideros, Myrsine, Acacia, Athyrium, Dryopteris, Myoporum, Pelea, Pipturus, Rubus, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6147 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-14
46 Carex subfusca Hualalai, W side ash, pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen low spreading clump, dead in center Fosberg, F.R. 42102 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-09
47 Carex subfusca East Maui, Paliku wet draw behind cabin; volcanic soil Preserved_Specimen Krauss, R.W. 355 Maui BISH 1948-09-03
48 Carex subfusca East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Kipahulu-Waihoi divide, N side wet open bog Preserved_Specimen tufts St.John, H. 21106 Maui BISH 1945-08-22
49 Carex subfusca National Park, Mauna Loa, Bird Park grassy Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1430 Hawaii BISH 1936-07-06
50 Carex subfusca Kilauea Forest, Kau District In clearing with Verbena and Geranium carolinianum in open canopy Acacia koa-Metrosideros-Cibotium forest. Preserved_Specimen Sedge 2 ft tall. Cuddihy, L.W. 662 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-31
51 Carex subfusca Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.2 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or up Mauna Loa Strip Road about 200 meters from parking circle at Kipuka Puaulu. Plant was about 30 meters 20° north of road. (plot 19) Acacia - Sapindus savanna community Preserved_Specimen Sedge about 1 foot tall Newell, C.L. 969 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-23
52 Carex subfusca Koolau Gap common at mouth of gap. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1632 Maui BISH 1970-06-12
53 Carex subfusca Volcano House wet, woods Preserved_Specimen 0.33 m Lee, H.A. 251 Hawaii BISH 1925-10-14
54 Carex subfusca Kilauea Forest, Kau District Growing in clearing with Verbena and Geranium carolinianum in open canopy Acacia koa - Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. Preserved_Specimen Sedge 2' tall. Cuddihy, L.W. 662 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-31
55 Carex subfusca East Maui, trail 0.5 mi N of Paliku open lava and cinder plain Preserved_Specimen Krauss, R.W. 341 Maui BISH 1948-09-03
56 Carex subfusca N Hilo, Humuula Sheep Sta. rocky Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2341 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-13
57 Carex subfusca Collapsed lava tube, Powerline road off Saddle road, near pole 27 Few clumps growing at entrance of collapsed lava tube. Also present are small Cibotium glaucum, Dryopteris paleacea, Lythrum maritimum, and Peperomia cookiana. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 917 Hawaii BISH 1982-09-09
58 Carex subfusca Haleakala above Auahi scrub forest on aa lava Preserved_Specimen densely caeapitose, culms weak Fosberg, F.R. 48357 Maui BISH 1967-03-25
59 Carex subfusca Haleakala, Wai Anapanapa, Kipahulu-Kuhiwa divide muddy border of lake Preserved_Specimen tufted St.John, H. 21009 Maui BISH 1945-08-14
60 Carex subfusca East Maui, Polipoli, Waiohuli, Kula FR Sophora chrysophylla, Diospyros, Dubautia menziesii, Rubus niveus, Astelia, Geranium arboreum, Dubautia platyphylla, Styphelia, Coprosma, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen creeping Wood, K.R. 6619 Maui BISH 1997-09-03
61 Carex subfusca Mauna Kea, east slope Above tree line, growing in cinders with few grasses, weedy herbs and Sanicula sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 929 Hawaii BISH 1982-09-21
62 Carex subfusca East Maui, halfway up 8000' switchback beyond Holua-Haleakala volcanic, dry, 30% E slope Preserved_Specimen herb Krauss, R.W. 350 Maui BISH 1948-09-03
63 Carex subfusca Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.2 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or up Mauna Loa Strip Road about 200 meters from parking circle at Kipuka Puaulu. Plant was about 30 meters 20° north of road. (plot 19) Acacia - Sapindus savanna community Preserved_Specimen Sedge about 2 feet tall Newell, C.L. 971 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-23
64 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala crater cinder flat Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17776 Maui BISH 1936-12-26
65 Carex subfusca Haleakala, Paliku foggy, shrubby slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12556 Maui BISH 1939-08-05
66 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala crater S Kaluaiki small lava crater, dry scrub on basalt aa Preserved_Specimen tufts St.John, H. 21230 Maui BISH 1945-08-28
67 Carex subfusca Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.2 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or up Mauna Loa Strip Road about 200 meters from parking circle at Kipuka Puaulu. Plant was about 30 meters 20° north of road. (plot 19) Acacia - Sapindus savanna community Preserved_Specimen Sedge about 2 feet tall Newell, C.L. 970 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-23
68 Carex subfusca Western slope of Mauna Kea, Puu Laau, inside sandalwood exclosure Sophora/Myoporum forest, in open area with loamy soil, growing with Holcus, Anthoxanthum, Verbascum, Lythrum. Preserved_Specimen Occasional small, bunching sedge. Imada, C. 200020 Hawaii BISH 2000-09-24
69 Carex subfusca Haleakala, head of Lauulu trail, Kalapawili ridge N facing; with Vaccinium, Styphelia Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 927 Maui BISH 1975-06-24
70 Carex subfusca East Maui, Hana District, NE Haleakala, Wai Eleele, lake below Wai Anapanapa with Carex alligata, C. svenonis Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3557 Maui BISH 1969-06-19
71 Carex subfusca NE Haleakala grass, shrub Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12551 Maui BISH 1939-08-07
72 Carex subfusca Halekala, Kapaloa cabin crater floor; with Deschampsia Preserved_Specimen small clumps Henrickson, J.S. 3478 Maui BISH 1969-06-14
73 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala, Koolau gap In opening with many introduced grasses. Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 948 Maui BISH 1948-07-02
74 Carex subfusca East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve under Vaccinium calycinum Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 389 Maui BISH 1973-08-03
75 Carex subfusca N slope of Mauna Kea, Makai of Puu Kole near Hanaipoe Gulch Subalpine shrubland with cinder substrate. Associated vegetation: Pukiawe, mamane. Preserved_Specimen Small clump forming sedge, 25cm ht. Starr, F. 407238 Hawaii BISH 2004-07-23
76 Carex subfusca East Maui, Haleakala Crater, Waikanae Springs in small cavbe with water drips. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1857 Maui BISH 1994-08-09
77 Carex subfusca East Maui, above Ukulele damp erosion gully, pasture Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 975 Maui BISH 1919-07-29
78 Carex subfusca SW Mauna Loa, Kapua grassy; with Acacia and Metrosideros growing on perimeter Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6130 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-13
79 Carex subfusca Haleakala Crater Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1099 Maui BISH 1919-08-09
80 Carex subfusca Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. 9009 Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
81 Carex subfusca Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12731 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
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