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Polyscias bisattenuata

(Sherff) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett (2010)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Araliaceae Genus: Polyscias

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Tree, 2–4 m tall; secretory canals present in most parts.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (5 or 7–foliate). Alternate. Blades 2–2.5 dm. long; leaflets fusiform in outline, their blade attenuate at both ends otherwise oblong, only 6–9 cm. long and 2.5–4.5 cm. wide; petiolules rather long (up to 3.5 cm.). Margins entire. Petioles 6–7 cm. long. Stipules absent or rudimentary.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescence similar to that of tetraplasandra waialealae; peduncles (a single one seen) 8.5 cm. long; secondary branches 3.5–4 cm. long, about 4– or 5–flowered; pedicels about 1.5–1.8 cm. long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic; terminal (often appearing lateral). Calyx (more or less cylindrical) obconic at anthesis, about 7–8 mm. tall and 4–5 mm. thick, presently 4- or 5-angled. Corolla of 6 petals; pink, hemispheric–conic when shed, about 5.5 mm. tall and slightly broader. Stamens ca. 12–19. Ovary inferior, (6–)8–24-carpellate, surmounted by a truncate to low-conical disk; styles as many as carpels, connate, embedded in the disk at anthesis, maturing into a hollow, conical stylopodium 1–3 mm high, crowned by a rim of stigmatic bulges.

Fruit: Drupes. Seeds 1 per pyrene; embryo small.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Open shrubland/herbland; steep slopes; ridges and disturbed lowland wet forests

Elevation Range: 420–710 m

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Timothy Gallaher/curated by Pumehana Imada

Bibliography

Name Published In: Pl. Divers. Evol. 128: 73 (2010)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:235 (Syn. Tetraplasandra bisattenuata = T. oahuensis); Lowry & Plunkett 2010:73/Wagner et al. 2012:7 (RESURRECT/K, COMBNOV, Syn. T. bisattenuata = P. bisattenuata)

Sherff, E. E. (1955). Revision of the Hawaiian members of the genus Tetraplasandra A. Gray. Chicago Natural Histor. Museum.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diplopterygium, Tetraplasandra, Metrosideros, Diospyros, Freycinetia, Cyanea, Scaevola, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Melastoma candida Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m tree; main trunk reclining, 5-6 erect stems 8-10 cm diam.; bark smooth gray-brown; leaves terminal on twigs, costa yellow; inflorescences axes and buds erect, dark purple Lorence, D.H. 8404 Kauai BISH 1999-04-16
2 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed Mesic lowland windward Forest W/ Diospyros, Polyscias oahuensis, Alyxia, Psydrax, Pittosporum, Chrysodracon, Antidesma, Nestegis, Xylosma, Scaevola, Hibiscus kokio, Plantago princeps, Machaerina, Kadua affinis, Diplopterygium, Cya Preserved_Specimen 25-30ft cascading tree. Trunk parallel to slope. Just past fruit w/ empty pedicels. Some curling to leaf, poss mites. Tangalin, N. 4469 Kauai BISH 2015-12-10
3 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept Ridge Dicranopters linearis, Clidemia hirta, Melastoma septemnervium, Hibiscus kokio, and various weedy grasses. Preserved_Specimen Multiple substantial decumbent trunks; grey/light grey mottled bark; leaves glossy green on adaxial surface, light matte green on abaxial surface, veins and petioles light green; fruit dark purple with a dark fuchsia top; flowers purple, stamens purple, yellowich center. Adams, J. 23 Kauai BISH 2013-09-02
4 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Trunk on ground and folded running down the Windsept lowland wet windward ridge. Metrosideros polymorpha, Psidium cattleianum, Metrosdideros waialeale, Melinus minutiflora, Chrysodracon aurea, Pipturus albidus, Dicranopteris, Psychotria, Diospyros sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwic Preserved_Specimen Small upright and sprawling tree about 7 ft tall upright trunk with trunk on ground in Dicranopteris. With immature fruit that are green with purple higher up and yellow green nipples on apex of fruit. Inflo branching at base then x 5x9x5 fruit at apex. Tangalin, N. 4905 Kauai BISH 2016-10-13
5 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland windward Forest W/Diplopteryglum pinnatum, Polysicas oahuensis, Dubautia paudflorula, Pipturus, Perrottetian sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Psidium guajava, Cyrtandra, Ilex, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen 1 - 3 trees sprawling in Dicranopteris on upper slope. Collected from middle tree. Lange purple bud and immature fruite upright Tangalin, N. 3338 Kauai BISH 2012-09-19
6 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Tree on uluhe ridge, upright but hugging slope [illegible] Preserved_Specimen Inflor. upper stems in leafy nodes; 4-5 [illegible] then 15, then 4-10; midrib raised, triangular above, dk green, lighter green below. Tngalin, N. 3978 Kauai BISH 2014-12-18
7 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 90% open shrubland/fernland with a 10% sparse tree cover. W/ Metrosideros polymorpha, Xylosma hawaiiense, Ilex anomala, Hibiscus kokio, Kadua affinis, Tetraplasandra bisattenuata, Bidens valida, Kadua fluviatilis, Melicope feddei, Machaerina angustifolia. Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, stems gray-brown, with immature fruit, some morphological indication of hybridization with T. oahuensis. Wood, K.R. 13720 Kauai BISH 2009-05-05
8 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open shrubland, herbland, sparse tree cover; Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Hedyotis terminalis, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphyllum, Bobea brevipes, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cheirodendron fauriei, Melicope feddei, Tetraplasandra Preserved_Specimen tree, decumbent trunk gray, many branched; leaves in full crown; floral parts dark purple, inflorescence axillary, thrice umbellate, four primary axes to 6 cm, secondary axes 7-9, 4-6 cm long, terminal axes with 5-6 branches, to 2 cm long; fruit purple, keeled 5x, red disk, leaves stiffly ascending Wood, K.R. 11977 Kauai BISH 2006-07-14
9 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Shrubland Diplopteryglum pinnatum, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Bidens valida, Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. Hawaiiensis, Sphenomeris chinensis, K. acuminata, K. fluviablis, K. acuminata, Psychotria mari Preserved_Specimen Sprawling entanglement of wt-grey trunks w/dark moss. New leaves red. Leaves pendent with attenuate bases. Petioles yellow w/purple tint, yellow extends from petioles around margin of leaf. Leaves dark green above and med-green below w/dk-green venation. Flower buds upright, dark purple, flower petals magenta Tangalin, N. 3375 Kauai BISH 2012-10-05
10 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open shrubland/herbland with sparse tree cover of Metrosideros polymorpha; with Dicranopteris linearis, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida along with groupings of native trees such as Hedyotis terminalis; Psychotria mariniana; Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii; Bobea brevipes; Xylosma hawaiiense; Cheirodendron fauriei; Melicope feddei; and Tetraplasandra oahuensis Preserved_Specimen Tree, decumbant trunk gray, many branched, leaves in full crown, floral parts purple, sympatric with T. Oahuensis, single tree on summit, ca 30 trees on steep north face of mountain Wood, K.R. 11422 Kauai BISH 2005-08-04
11 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept Dicranopteris band above disturbed lowland windward Forest W/ Psydrax odorata, Santalum pyrularium, Disopyros sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Dicranopteris, Nephrolepis, Schizachyrium, Metrosideros, Blechnum appendiculatum, Grevillea robusta, Cyanea pseudof Preserved_Specimen 1-4 plants sprawling on slope covering area 30 x 20. Leaves with chlorosis. 3 trunks observed coming from ground, but difficult to tell if rooted trunks or from seedlings. No flower or fruit. New leaves green, some red-brown teanslucent. Leaftlets involute and cup-like. Raised midrib on adaxial surface . This pl Tangalin, N. 4515 Kauai BISH 2016-01-15
12 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Shrubland Broussaisia arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Bidens valida, Nephrolepis exalaltata subsp. hawaiiensis, Sphenomeris chinensis, K. acuminata, K. Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling tree on E side of subgulch. Trunk on ground then upright and intertwining, difficult to tell if one or more trees. Petioles flattened, leaves hanging w/ elongated bases. Inflo purple-red, upright Tangalin, N. 3320 Kauai BISH 2012-09-14
13 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep slope Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6443 Kauai BISH 1991-07-22
14 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen A single tree seen. Herbst, D.R. 2869 Kauai BISH 1973-01-21
15 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 4-5 ft. high Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
16 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 95% open shrubland/herbland with sparse tree cover of Metrosideros polymorpha w/ Dicranopteris linearis, Machaerina angustifolia, M. mariscoides, Sida fallax, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Kadua terminalis, K. fluviatilis, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphyllum var. Preserved_Specimen Tree, reclined trunk gray, 3 m long, many branched, leaves in full crown, floral parts purple, w/ flower and immature fruit, fruit collected by Wood in 2005 (km11422), 2 tree observed on summit, numerous on steep north face of mountain Wood, K.R. 18453 Kauai BISH 2020-06-23
17 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland Windward Wet Forest w/ Metrosideros-Dicranopteris. W/Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Bonamia menziesii, Freycinetia arborea, Perrottetia, Diospyros sandwicensis, Pisonia sandwicensis, P. umbellifera, Psychotria, Bobea, Syzygium, Streblus, ground cover of Preserved_Specimen Sprawling or from 1-3 plants with trunk 8 ft tall. Tangalin, N. 4642 Kauai BISH 2016-06-29
18 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diospyros sandwicensis, Myrsine lessertiana, M. punctata, M. linearifolia, Psydrax odorata, Alyxia stellata, Cyanea pseudofauriei, Cyanea kahiliensis, Cordyline frutico. On northeast slope below ridge. Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling tree. About 10 feet of trunk on slope then 10 feet upright, more of tree below. With immature inflorescence dark purple and upright. Tangalin, N. 4563 Kauai BISH 2016-03-30
19 Polyscias bisattenuata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept Dicranopteris band above disturbed lowland windward Forest W/ Psydrax odorata, Santalum pyrularium, Disopyros sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Dicranopteris, Nephrolepis, Schizachyrium, Metrosideros, Blechnum appendiculatum, Grevillea robusta, Cyanea pseudof Preserved_Specimen 1-4 plants sprawling on slope covering area 30 x 20. Leaves with chlorosis. 3 trunks observed coming from ground, but difficult to tell if rooted trunks or from seedlings. No flower or fruit. New leaves dark red, young leaves with purple petiole and midrib which is green at maturity. This plan the highest on slope. Tangalin, N. 4516 Kauai BISH 2016-01-15
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